To understand the meaning of "black esophagus", first of all, it is necessary to clarify a concept - whether the esophagus is black or not.

This is, of course, a piece of nonsense. None of the internal organs of the human body are naturally black. The human body is naturally able to show blackness, except for hair, only the skin and iris.

So, under what circumstances do organs change color?

First of all, some organs may change color when exposed to certain dyes. For example, the indigo rouge injection that Sun Lien once used to scare people may turn the inner walls of the kidneys and ureters blue in a short time. Smokers who smoke for a long time may have black spots on their lungs due to tar adhesion.

In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes green pus to appear in the infected area, and jaundice causes the iris and skin to be stained with a dull yellow color...... But there are very few cases of black.

There may be many other explanations for the black skin outside the body, but the internal organs turn black...... Sun Lien could immediately think of that one possibility-necrosis.

This can't be blamed for Sun Lien's lack of knowledge, after all, more than half an hour ago, he watched Chen Tianyang and Dr. Wang release a little four liters of necrotic tissue fluid and pus from the butt of a Nigerian soldier. Now when he saw "black" and "fuchsia", Sun Lien's mind was filled with the sound and smell of the liquid that had fallen into the stainless steel basin in his hand.

The Russian in front of him spoke English, but it was obvious that the other party could no longer use this kind of Russian with a big leba flavor in the follow-up communication. He searched around the house and finally found a translator who was not too seriously ill and could speak English, Russian and Chinese - the Pakistani captain who had just smiled bitterly and said that he had a stomachache.

I have to say that the comrades of Pakistan and Railway are intimate. Sun Lien just wanted to know a little about the basic situation of the Russian in front of him and ask about his medical history. Unexpectedly, this Pakistani captain actually had a good relationship with Peter. He didn't even ask Peter to say anything more before he began to tell what he knew.

Peter was born and raised in the Soviet Union. But after he joined the army, the Soviet Union disappeared.

As an armoured maintenance division, Peter was one of the last soldiers to be discharged from the army in his armoured division. First, the gunners were discharged in batches because their ammunition was sold out, and then the armored soldiers left because they were left without tanks and armored vehicles. In the end, Peter was sent to the streets of Vinnitsa by the regimental commander in his repaired truck. And gave him 5,000 roubles - this is the dividends he helped to repair the tanks and sell them to the arms dealers.

The USSR is gone, the tanks are gone, and even Peter's identity as a soldier is gone. Mechanics like him are available almost everywhere in Russia. Peter, who couldn't even eat a mouthful of food, finally decided to exchange all his net worth for vodka and a one-way ticket to Nigeria.

After coming to Nigeria, Peter got a job doing mechanical repairs in the Nigerian army. He would fall asleep every day with guilt and regret, and then wake up in deeper pain. Day after day of heavy drinking for more than twenty years, he would even be too weak to move if he didn't drink a full bottle of vodka every day.

Speaking of this, the Pakistani captain sighed a little helplessly, and explained to Sun Lien, "This kind of thing happens to any soldier who loves his country, and it will lead to the same ending, but these northern neighbors do drink ...... A little more. ”

Sun Lien blinked, he didn't have a problem with listening to the story. But only if the story helps him diagnose the disease. The Pakistani captain muttered for a long time, but there was no useful information, which made Sun Lien a little anxious.

"Has he had any obvious stomach upset lately?, acid reflux or vomiting?" Because he couldn't hear the information he wanted, Sun Lien directly began to guide the Pakistani captain to question. Although he is not sure what the black esophagus is, it seems that at least Peter will need to be given a gastroscopy to confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, Sun Lien tried to steer the conversation to Peter's symptoms, preferably sounding like some kind of stomach cancer, so that he could prescribe a gastroscopy examination.

"Yes, he vomited blood three times recently, and each time the amount was not very large. After exchanging a few words with Peter, the Pakistani captain said, "And he's been feeling a little dizzy lately." ”

If you drink a pound of vodka a day, but you feel dizzy and weak, it can only mean that this person is particularly able to drink. Sun Lien decisively skipped this description and asked instead, "What kind of blood did you vomit?"

"No, it's blood, the bright red kind. The captain shook his head, "he said he had vomited before he realized there was blood. I've had nausea and stomach acid before, but never vomited blood. ”

There is a lot of attention to the type of blood related to the digestive tract. The most basic thing is to look at the color and shape of the blood to determine whether the bleeding point is in the esophagus or below the esophagus. If there is bleeding from the stomach below the esophagus or duodenum, the blood will be coagulated by stomach acid and digestive enzymes in the stomach and form a black semi-solid. Sometimes, less severe stomach or duodenal bleeding can also manifest as melena.

Bright red blood is vomited, which means that the blood that comes out of the damaged blood does not come into contact with stomach acid and digestive enzymes in the stomach. This directly caused Sun Lien to lock Peter's gastrointestinal bleeding symptoms above the cardia and at the place below the pharynx.

Combined with the black esophagus suggested by the status bar...... Sun Lien frowned, this can't be a rupture of a vein in the esophagus, right?

The esophagus has an intricate structure that supplies blood to the inside of the esophagus. Even if a vein is broken, there should be no diagnosis of "black esophagus...... Sun Lien couldn't figure out what was wrong, but Peter's current symptoms were enough for Sun Lien to make a decision on gastroscopy - the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding was to be investigated. He thought about it for a while, and wrote down three possible guessing directions on the diagnosis sheet in front of him: "peptic ulcer?" and "acute gastric mucosal lesions?"

Of course, Sun Lien will not write "black esophagus" on it, he has not been so prodigal. However, from the current situation, a more detailed examination is still necessary. After more than twenty years of continuous drinking, the devil knows what irreparable damage alcohol has done to Peter's body.