Chapter 8: Russia's Quest for Peace (I)
After the end of the customs clearance operation in East China, it caused a great reaction in Russia. In fact, in this war, the losses of the Russian army were not large, and the Russian army did not have much, but the territory lost exceeded 300,000 square kilometers, and most of it belonged to Russian territory after the [Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty] and the [Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty].
Prior to this, although the Russian army suffered a heavy defeat, it basically fought in China, except for the loss of Vladivostok and the surrounding places, the rest of the losses were Chinese land, and Russia did not lose much of its own territory. Russia is a country that is extremely greedy for territory, it doesn't matter how many soldiers die, anyway, there are many gray cattle in Russia, but territory must not be lost, and there is a saying in Russia that after the Andrei flag is raised, it must not be left behind.
However, this time, the People's Army not only pushed all the troops across the Heilongjiang River, but also successively captured two important garrisons in the Far East, Boli and Amur City, and as a result, Russia not only lost the area of the Ussuri River valley, but also the Amur River valley may be difficult to protect.
Having lost so much land at once, Tsar Nicholas II could not hold his breath and immediately ordered Linnevich to send troops to recover the cities of Boli and Amur. However, after receiving the Tsar's order, Linnevich did not send troops according to the order, but replied to the Tsar, saying that the current Chita troops were insufficient and did not have the ability to recover the cities of Boli and Amur, unless the country sent another 200,000 troops to the Far East.
After receiving Linnevich's telegram, the tsar was naturally quite annoyed, but there was no way to take Linnevich, because no one wanted to take over this mess, so Linnevich could not be removed now.
At this time, Witte proposed to the tsar to negotiate with East China, and at the same time, Witte also warned the tsar that if he did not negotiate with East China, Russia would probably lose all its Far East territories. In fact, after the conclusion of the negotiations between East China and Britain, France and the Netherlands, Witte put forward a proposal for negotiations, believing that Russia should negotiate with East China together with Japan, so that they could support each other and reduce losses.
Nicholas II was a little moved, but East China insisted on accepting the land reparation as a precondition for negotiations, which made it difficult for Nicholas II to accept, and at this time, someone suggested to the tsar that it was better to let Japan negotiate with East China alone, and Russia should not participate, so that East China would inevitably propose a huge amount of compensation to Japan, so that East China would get enough from Japan, and when Russia negotiated with East China, East China might reduce its claims to Russia.
Others believe that if Russia and Japan negotiate with East China, it is very likely that Japan will be involved in reparations and cede land, because East China must obtain reparations from Japan in order to make up for the losses of the war, so it can only ask Russia and Japan for reparations, and if Russia negotiates with East China alone, East China will not dare to ask Russia for reparations and land cession, because the Slavic nation is the best and highest nation. The Portsmouth negotiations, without Japan's participation, would have been negotiated between Russia and East China long ago.
After hearing this, Nicholas II also thought so, so during the negotiations between Russia and Japan in East China, he did nothing and acted as a melon eater on the side. In fact, although Nicholas II was not a smart man, he was by no means mentally retarded, and such idiot-like advice would not have been indistinguishable under normal circumstances, or for a European country. But for the yellow race, Nicholas II has a sense of racial superiority in his bones, and the dignified Slavic fighting nation can not be compared with the yellow-skinned monkey, and it is absolutely impossible to make the Slavic nation pay compensation to the yellow-skinned monkey and cede land.
A few years later, Witte strongly criticized Nicholas II's performance during this period in his memoirs, and the reason why Russia suffered heavy losses in the Far East War, so much so that its vitality was greatly damaged, and the crushing defeat in the First World War was not unrelated to Nicholas II's blind arrogance, which continuously missed the opportunity to let Russia stop the loss, and if Nicholas II could adopt his own advice earlier, the losses could be reduced by at least half.
But after East China leveled Japan, he turned back to deal with Russia, and he was ruthless, and he hit Russia dizzy with a stick, so at this time, Witt's proposal to negotiate with East China finally attracted the attention of the tsar, but Russia still has a group of people, although they can't put forward anything useful to build me, but they shout "never compromise, fight to the end", and high-profile accusations that advocate negotiating with East China are traitors. Although Witte was quite annoyed, it cannot be denied that these people had considerable influence in Russian politics and even on the Tsar.
However, at this moment, France ** spoke out, hoping that Russia could hold negotiations with East China ** as soon as possible to end the war.
After the end of the negotiations with East China, France, like the United Kingdom, collapsed the cabinet and replaced the president and prime minister, and after the establishment of the new France, the strategy of the previous session was revised, and the strategy of contraction was adopted in the Far East, not directly as an enemy in East China, and the main energy was put on Europe, and focused on building the Triple Alliance of Britain, France and Russia, forming a strategic encirclement advantage for Germany. In this situation, of course, France will not allow Russia to invest a lot of resources in the Far East, after all, Russia is an important part of the strategic encirclement of Germany, and the annexation of East China has also alarmed France.
In the current situation, it is almost impossible for Russia to defeat East China in the Far East, even if it is useless to send troops from Europe to reinforce the Far East, because the main body of Russia is too far away from the Far East, only one Trans-Siberian Railway can be connected, and the transportation capacity of the Trans-Siberian Railway is also limited, coupled with Russia's organizational ability, in the end it can only be a refueling tactic, so France decided to intervene in the war between Russia and East China, and asked Russia to negotiate with East China.
Now Russia's economy is still able to operate normally, all thanks to French blood transfusion, and in the past few years of the alliance between the two sides, France, with its strong financial strength, has penetrated into all levels of the Russian economy, it can be said that once Russia and France fall out, France withdraws from Russia, then Russia's entire social economy will collapse, which is also an important reason why Russian ministers oppose the "Björk Treaty".
Now that France has spoken, Russia cannot be taken lightly, and the voices opposing the negotiations have temporarily died down, Nicholas II finally made up his mind to negotiate with East China, and at the same time asked Germany to mediate.
In fact, this is also Nicholas II's rebellion against the French army, because now Russia depends on French blood transfusions to sustain itself, so it has to succumb to French pressure, but the Russians are quite unhappy in their hearts. In the hearts of the Russians, the only countries they can afford are Britain and Germany. As for France, Russia really hasn't taken a fancy to it, when Napoleon fought all over Europe, it should be the best, what is the result, or fall under the city of Moscow. Not to mention that France was beaten by Prussia so that the emperor was captured and the capital was occupied, and when did Russia lose such a person.
And now France is not relying on a few stinky money, actually forced Russia to negotiate peace with East China, of course Nicholas II is unhappy, although the current form is stronger than people, Russia has to compromise, but Nicholas II still wants to give France some eye medicine, ask Germany to mediate, is to let France know that Russia is not only France, an ally, and wants to pull Russia to many countries.
Although Russia rejected the Björk Treaty, it did not completely turn against Germany, because Germany did not want to fulfill the Björk Treaty, and the two sides tacitly did not mention it. However, although Russia is allied with France, it has always maintained a certain degree of good relations with Germany, except that the two emperors are cousins, and there is no direct conflict of interest between the two countries, the contradiction between the two countries is mainly in Austria-Hungary, there is a fundamental contradiction between Austria-Hungary and Russia, and Germany is biased to support Austria-Hungary, so Russia chose to ally with France.
However, Russia did not want to completely break with Germany, in fact, there were many voices in Russia advocating that Russia return to the framework of the Three Emperors Alliance, and in addition, in the past few years, Russia has focused on the Far East, and in order to maintain stability in its rear, it must also maintain good relations with Germany. Germany, on the other hand, has never given up on Russia's efforts, and has therefore responded in good faith to Russia's overtures.
Although France is also a little dissatisfied with this, there is no way, after all, Russia is indeed planning to negotiate with East China, and France cannot act as a mediator, fortunately, France also understands that this mediator is actually a liaison role, responsible for building a bridge between the two sides, and then it is useless, and France has been operating in Russia for many years, deeply penetrating into Russia's social economy, and has also fostered a group of pro-French personnel, Germany wants to break up the Franco-Russian alliance by virtue of this mediator, but it is not so easy.
In addition, Russia suffered a crushing defeat in the Far East this time, and its expansion in the Far East basically came to an end, so after the end of the war, Russia would inevitably refocus its efforts on Europe, so that the contradictions between Russia and Austria-Hungary would inevitably intensify, and Germany would have to choose between Russia and Austria-Hungary, and it would be impossible to maintain good relations with Russia.
At the same time, after the Monaco crisis and the war in the Far East, there was a substantial breakthrough in the relations between France and Britain, and the next step was to negotiate an alliance. Now that Russia recognizes Germany's mediation, France will also admit it, after all, stop the war first.