Chapter 218: The Qing Court's Quest for Peace (1)
This proposal is indeed quite attractive to Russia, because only when the Black Sea straits are open to Russian warships, can the Russian navy enter the Mediterranean, so as to expand its power to the Mediterranean coast, which is also the dream of successive tsars, in history Russia has launched more than ten Russian-Turkish wars, opening up the Mediterranean shipping route is one of the important goals.
Originally, after the 10th Russo-Turkish War, Russia adopted the Treaty of San Stefano and revised the rules for passage in the Black Sea straits, allowing warships of Russia and other Black Sea littoral countries to pass. However, this treaty aroused strong dissatisfaction among Britain, Germany, Austria and other countries, and they jointly exerted pressure on Russia, and Russia was forced to redefine the "Berlin Treaty" with the foreign powers, make major amendments to the "Peace of San Stefano", and abandon the revision of the rules of passage in the Black Sea straits. Russia has always been bitter about this.
This time, however, Russia's demands were supported by Britain and France, as the Treaty of Berlin was amended Although Russia's influence has expanded to the Mediterranean coast, the navy has always been Russia's short board, not to mention that after the defeat in the Far East war, the Russian navy has been greatly damaged, so the navies of Britain and France can still dominate the Mediterranean, and by supporting Russia in revising the rules of passage in the Black Sea straits, Russia's energy can be completely pulled back to Europe from the Far East, which is of great significance to Britain and France.
As for whether Russia and Austria-Hungary will join forces to divide the Ottoman Empire this time, will improve the relations between the two countries and restore the [Three Emperors Alliance] After analysis, Britain and France believe that this possibility is not very large, because this time Russia and Austria-Hungary joined forces, only for the immediate interests, and the contradictions between the two sides in the Balkan Peninsula have not been eliminated, and at any time Russia obtains the right of passage of warships in the Black Sea Straits, the first to bear the brunt of the Balkan Peninsula, the contradictions between the two sides will sooner or later intensify again, even if they do not intensify, Britain and France will provoke incidents from it, so that the contradictions between Russia and Austria-Hungary will intensify and antagonize.
It can be said that this time Russia has obtained rare external favorable conditions in its history, and naturally it cannot be easily missed, and more importantly, the outbreak of the Bosnian crisis has also provided Russia with a rare excuse to compromise and retreat to East China. Concessions were warranted, and the acquisition of Russian access to warships in the Black Sea Straits would be a great success in Russia's foreign strategy, which would be enough to reverse the adverse effects of the defeat in the Far East, restore the Tsar's authority, and consolidate the rule of the imperial family.
As a result, Russia immediately sent a diplomatic letter to East China, saying that Russia respects China's sovereignty and territory, recognizes Mongolia as China's territory, and that the participation of Russian troops in the war is a personal act, which does not represent the attitude of Russia, and hopes to negotiate with East China to resolve the Mongolian issue.
Russia's attitude is relaxed, and East China is of course welcome, but in fact, East China does not want to go to war with Russia. The reason why Russia is the kind of country that does not know how to accept what is good, and who will advance an inch and look at it, must not give in to him, and must treat him with a tough attitude, and even do not hesitate to go to war, only in this way can we take the initiative in the negotiations, and after the war in the Far East, East China and Russia have adopted this strategy in several diplomatic confrontations, and achieved good results.
Since Russia is now really anxious to withdraw from Mongolia, concentrate its domestic resources, and devote itself to competing for the interests of the Ottoman Empire, the two sides soon reached an agreement, Russia officially recognized that Mongolia is a territory belonging to East China, and respects China's sovereignty and territorial integrity; Russia promises not to support it; Russia will abolish all consulates and other diplomatic offices and garrisons in Mongolia within three months, and if Russia needs to set up diplomatic missions in Mongolia in the future, it should cooperate with East China Russian merchants may continue to do business in Mongolia, but they must go to Kulen within three months to go through the formalities of entering the country to do business again, and submit to the administration of East China**.
After the signing of this agreement, it can be said that Russia's painstaking efforts in operating in Mongolia for decades have been completely wasted, which is tantamount to ceding Mongolia to East China, although it retains the right to do business in Mongolia, but it must be strictly supervised by East China, and the special rights it had previously obtained no longer exist. Of course, after all, Russia has been operating in Mongolia for decades, and some hidden influence of forces cannot be eliminated in a short period of time, but with the rise and fall of the influence of both sides in Mongolia, it will not take many years for these hidden forces to be cleared out by East China.
However, Russia really does not have much choice, because now Russia really does not dare to start a war with East China, and is eager to stabilize the situation in the Far East so as to withdraw from the Far East, so it can only make major concessions to East China. In fact, after the Far East War, Russia repeatedly provoked East China, on the one hand, East China expanded to Mongolia, infringing on Russia's interests; on the other hand, it was also the defeat of the Far East War, which still did not completely convince Russia, although it did not dare to go to war again, but always wanted to do something out, hoping to bargain from East China through bluffing, intimidation, nonsense and other means, so as to prove that Russia still has enough strength. However, East China did not pay attention to Russia at all, and as soon as Russia provoked it, it put on a posture of not hesitating to fight, and as a result, Russia could only retreat.
It was only then that Russia realized that this set was not fun, so it took this opportunity to completely turn its energy back to the direction of Europe, and no longer tried to try to pick and choose East China**.
And after the compromise between Russia and East China, it was the Qing court that was hurt the most. Originally, the Qing court has been following behind Russia, desperately reprimanding East China, originally wanted to use Russia's power to contain East China, it is best to let East China and Russia fight, East China will naturally not use force against the Qing court, even if East China wins, but it will consume a lot of national strength, and the Qing court will be able to survive for a few more years.
Originally, after the agreement was signed, the Qing court protested to the Russian legation, accusing Russia of not ceding the territory of the Qing court to East China, and demanding that Russia immediately correct it.
Russia does not dare to play in front of East China, but it is different in front of the Qing court, in the eyes of the Russians, the Qing court is nothing, and dare to protest to Russia, so the Russian minister choked back, now Mongolia is occupied by East China, even Jebtsundamba VIII has announced his separation from the Qing court, return to East China, of course, it is the territory of East China, anyway, the Qing court, East China ** are on behalf of China, if the Qing court has the ability to drive East China away and retake Mongolia, Russia will also admit it. This time the Qing court was so choked that it had nothing to say, so it had to give up.
Although the Qing court touched a nose of dust with the Russian minister, it also felt that the crisis was imminent, and the situation was very obvious, after dealing with Mongolia, the next target in East China would definitely be the Qing court, and the time would not be too long, either at the end of this year or the beginning of next year, there was really not much time left for the Qing court.
Although the Empress Dowager Cixi has prepared a retreat for herself, arranging for Cen Chunxuan to serve as the governor of Ganxi and Shaanxi, and Wu Huai to serve as the governor of Shanxi, as soon as East China ** started a war against the Qing court, she immediately fled west and retreated to Xi'an to hide.
However, at this time, the Empress Dowager Cixi was over seventy years old after all, and she had experienced a flight eight years ago, but that frightened and precarious experience did not give Cixi any good impression, and she sometimes had nightmares until now, so although she was fully prepared this time, Cixi did not want to come again until the time of necessity. And Cixi's requirements are not high, that is, it will be delayed for another 3 or 5 years at most, and as soon as she closes her eyes, she will not care about the things behind her.
Originally, if Russia and East China ** fought, it could really drag on for 3 or 5 years, then although Russia was shouting, it was a silver-like pewter spearhead, and it actually made peace with East China**, and also sold the Qing court's Mongolia to East China**, Cixi was indeed quite disappointed, but Russia and East China ** talked about peace, what should the Qing court do?
Although Cixi and Guangxu recruited ministers to discuss countermeasures for several days, at this time, who could think of any good way, so the ministers could only look at each other, and no one spoke, and at this time, Yuan Shikai, the governor of Liangjiang, went to the imperial court and suggested that the imperial court make peace with East China, cede some land to East China, and simply divide China equally.
This suggestion provoked a scramble among the ministers of the DPRK and China, all saying that Yuan Shikai was arguing about the affairs of the court in vain, and he did not speak of the ministers, and the imperial envoy impeached Yuan Shikai. But at this time, the British and French ministers jointly sent an official letter to the Qing court, also suggesting that the Qing court make peace with East China, and bluntly pointed out that this is the only way to keep the Qing court, otherwise the Qing court will never survive for more than a year. At the same time, he also said that once the Qing court was willing to make peace with East China, Britain and France could take the lead in uniting other countries to mediate.
Yuan Shikai's book, the officials of the Qing court can scold casually, but the foreign lord spoke, but the Qing court did not dare to despise it, in fact, now everyone knows that the current situation is indeed like this, East China ** can destroy the Qing court almost at any time, but no one dares to say it, only foreigners dare to tear off this fig leaf.
At this moment, Cixi and Guangxu suddenly issued an order to order Zhang Zhidong to negotiate with the British and French envoys and the affairs of the East China ** negotiation.