Chapter 88: The Qingzhou Rebellion (1)
Although during this period of time, Qingdao was happening one after another, the establishment of factories and enterprises, the reorganization of the army, and the bidding of warships, which seemed to be very lively, but outside Qingdao, the East China government's overall control of Shandong Province and the land reform work never stopped, after all, this is the foundation of the East China government's rule, so it has always been steadily promoted.
In the past few months, the work of the East China Government has also been fruitful, and at this time, the land reform work has been basically completed in Jinan, Laizhou, and Dengzhou, and not only has a grass-roots administrative management system been established, but also the administrative center of the East China Government has been established in the cities of Laizhou and Dengzhou Prefectures to comprehensively manage the administrative, judicial, financial, and financial affairs. In matters such as public security, because the vast majority of the peasants had obtained their own land, and the burden was greatly reduced, coupled with effective propaganda, they were very supportive of the East China government, while the bureaucratic system of the former Qing court was hollowed out.
Although the Qing court officials in various localities and the local gentry and powerful were strongly dissatisfied with the policies of the East China government, the behavior of the East China government in Jinan had already spread throughout all the prefectures and counties in Shandong, and they all knew that the local forces in Jinan, from the officials of the yamen to the local gangs, were all severely cleaned up by the overseas Chinese. There are not a few people who have been ruined by overseas Chinese, so officials and gentry in other places still dare to openly oppose overseas Chinese, and they can only accept it.
Officials did not dare to compete for power with the East China government, and honestly accepted the fact that they had been hollowed out. Some of them changed careers to make a living; some took refuge in the door of overseas Chinese and received re-employment education; there were also a large number of officials who chose to hide at home and endure and wait to see the changes in the current situation; these people were basically officials and servants who held a certain amount of power at the grassroots level, and they were reluctant to give up the power in their hands, but they did not dare to offend the overseas Chinese, so they had to temporarily restrain themselves, fantasizing that one day the imperial court would be able to pull out the chaos and put things right, and they would have a chance to make a comeback。 The local gangs also died down, and the gentry and heroes naturally bowed their heads and obeyed their orders, and took the initiative to donate their land, so wherever the land reform working group went, it was invincible and unfavorable.
In this way, the land reform work has also been carried out very smoothly, in addition to striking at a small number of landlords and officials who are angry and resentful, and there is basically not much embarrassment for the obedient and cooperative personnel.
Subsequently, the East China government carried out land reform and grassroots administrative construction in Qingzhou, Yizhou, Wuding, Taizhou, Yanzhou and other places. But just when it was in Qingzhou Mansion, there were some unexpected events.
Qingzhou was one of the areas where the Qing court set up the garrison of the Eight Banners of Shandong, the other being Dezhou. The difference is that the Eight Banners garrison in Dezhou was set up at the beginning of the Qing court, and the role was to defend the Beijing division, because Dezhou was the only way from Shandong to Beijing, while the Eight Banners garrison in Qingzhou was set up during the Yongzheng period, and the purpose was to strengthen local control, after all, the Qing court had entered the customs for nearly a hundred years, and after the rule of the Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties, the rule in China had stabilized, and the threat of Beijing had been greatly reduced, and the control of the local area had become the main goal of the local garrison of the Eight Banners. Although the Qing court did not abolish the garrison of the Eight Banners of Dezhou, the center of gravity of Shandong's garrison was already held by the garrison of the Eight Banners of Qingzhou.
The difference can also be seen from the positions and numbers of the garrisons in the two places: the highest official of the Dezhou Eight Banners garrison is the city guard lieutenant, Zheng Sanpin, with a garrison of 553 people, while the highest official of the Qingzhou Eight Banners garrison is the deputy capital and the second rank, with a garrison of 1,830 people, and the difference is quite large.
According to the Qing court system, the banner people are dedicated to fighting in the army, and are paid monthly wages and rice, and there is also another ration when they go out to fight, which is the so-called "hardcore crops". It is forbidden to leave the city without authorization, to engage in industry and commerce, and to intermarry with foreigners. When the Qingzhou Eight Banners Garrison was established, there were about 15,000 military and civilian family members, and after hundreds of years of multiplication, it has now exceeded 100,000, and the establishment has expanded to more than 3,000 people, but there are only more than 1,000 people.
Although after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Han scholar class rose, and the Manchus gradually lost power in China because of their local power, but now it is still ruled by the Qing court, so the Manchus still have a lot of power in various places. Moreover, although many of the children of the Eight Banners have abandoned their studies and family property, Bi Jing is the accumulation of more than 250 years, and there are still a number of local magnates, plus they have political privileges, so the Manchus are still a force to be reckoned with in the locality, because they are in the area of the garrison. As long as the local Manchus do not make a big fuss and do not interfere in the administration of local officials, the local officials generally do not care about the affairs of the Manchus, and in the vast majority of places, the two sides have reached a subtle and tacit understanding of peace.
And although the Eight Banners Army has been corrupted and degenerated at this time, there are a few exceptions, the Qingzhou Eight Banners Garrison is an exception, because the people in Shandong have been brave since ancient times, and the residents in Qingzhou are still fierce, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao selected strong and healthy people from the Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army, organized into the Qingzhou Army, fought for himself in the east and west, expanded the territory, and finally unified the north and achieved a great cause. Since then, the fierce name of the Qingzhou Army has spread, so the Qingzhou Eight Banners garrison has also been somewhat affected, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, it has become one of the few troops in the Eight Banners Army that still maintains some blood.
During the first Opium War, the Qing court transferred more than 400 troops from the Qingzhou garrison to defend Zhenjiang, and launched a fierce battle with the attacking British army, although after several bloody battles, the final strength could not be supported, and Zhenjiang was lost, but in this battle, 65 Qingzhou soldiers were killed, more than 70 people were seriously injured, and more than 100 people were slightly injured and missing. The British army also suffered 37 killed, 127 wounded, and 3 missing, which was the largest loss of the British army since the Opium War. And after the war, the British army also admitted that if we had encountered the same resistance in China, we would never have reached Nanjing. In the following year, in order to commemorate the dead soldiers, the people of Zhenjiang built the "Qingzhou Garrison Loyal Martyrs' Shrine" at the west gate of Zhenjiang City and erected the "Loyal Martyrs' Monument".
Subsequently, the Qingzhou Banner Soldiers undertook many combat missions, both suppressed the Taiping Army, the Twist Army and other peasant uprisings, although not as outstanding as the Hunan Army and the Huai Army, but it was finally a Eight Banner Army that could still fight. Therefore, while the Qing court was training the new army, it did not forget the garrison of the Eight Banners and replaced their weapons and equipment, which was quite a high hope. When Yuan Shikai was in charge of Shandong, he suppressed the Boxers in Shandong, and the Qingzhou banner soldiers also contributed a lot.
The current deputy capital of the Qingzhou garrison is called Wen Rui, surnamed Niu Hulu, a man with red flags in Manchuria, and a hereditary baron. Although the banner people enjoy the favorable conditions of the Qing court, but since the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the livelihood of the banner people has become increasingly severe. Because the population is multiplying day by day, and it is impossible to engage in the work of workers, peasants and merchants. In addition, the children of the Eight Banners are corrupt and degenerate, and it is not easy to be a soldier, and it is extremely common for a family to be unable to become a soldier or eat money and food for several generations. What's more, even if you become a soldier, the food and salary you get may not be able to feed a large family population, and the food and salary are still being discounted, so although some Manchus have accumulated some family business, most of the Manchus still live in great difficulty, of course, compared with the Han people, it is still better.
In fact, by this time, the rules of the banner people had already existed in name only, and some of the flag people had already gone out of the city in order to make a living, and changed their Han surnames to engage in various operations and production, and some people were still doing well; of course, there were also many flag people who could not put down the shelves, and could only live in a muddy manner. However, it is still very rare to help the banner people make a living with the power of the government like Wen Rui, and it is thanks to the opening of Wenrui that the overall livelihood of the Qingzhou banner people has improved somewhat, at least they can support themselves and support their families, and even a group of people can buy land and live a well-off life.
The traverser's promotion of land reform in Qingzhou naturally touched the interests of the Manchurians. Because they not only wanted to confiscate the fields of the rich families of the Manchus, but also to open up the city and implement the policy of complete equality between the Manchus and the Han, these actions certainly made Wen Rui quite dissatisfied. Although he set up a craft bureau and opened a market, it was to let the Manchus support themselves, not for the equality of the Manchus and the Hans, in Wen Rui's heart, of course, he thought that the Manchus were still superior to the Han people. Moreover, in addition to Wen Rui, other Manchu officials and tycoons were also very unhappy, and they all made suggestions to Wen Rui, asking Wen Rui to come forward to stop overseas Chinese.
However, Wen Rui finally still has some brains, knows some things about overseas Chinese, and also understands that the power of the Manchurians is not like what it was at the beginning, and the overseas Chinese have made a contribution to saving the driver, and have been named the governor of Shandong, and they have soldiers and guns in their hands, and even the imperial court has to pay tribute to them for three points, but it is not something that he can stop. But it can't be just that, not to mention that Wen Rui himself still has a few thousand acres of land? So Wen Rui came to Feng Ruqi, the prefect of Qingzhou, and asked him to think of a way.
Feng Ruqi character Xingyan, Henan Xiangfu people. In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), he was admitted to the Jinshi, and Yuan Shikai was an old friend, it turned out that in the early years of Guangxu, Yuan Shikai's uncle Yuan Baoheng met Feng Ruqi who was still a man at that time during the disaster relief period in Henan, and Feng Ruqi had contacts with the Yuan family since then.
After serving as the prefect of Qingzhou, Feng Ruqi advocated the development of industry, and established government middle schools and other institutions, which were beneficial to the government. At this time, Yuan Shikai became the governor of Shandong, and the reunion of the old people naturally complemented each other, and Yuan Shikai was trying to expand his team. During the Gengzi Revolution, although Shandong under Yuan Shikai was the birthplace of the Boxer Rebellion, there was no major turmoil, and Feng Ruqi also helped Yuan Shikai to make a lot of efforts, and was more valued by Yuan Shikai.
When Yuan Shikai left office in Shandong, he promised Feng Ruqi that he would transfer Feng Ruqi out of Qingzhou for a year at most and half a year at the least, and promote him to be patient, so that he could be patient in Qingzhou for the time being, and he would tell Feng Ruqi not to have bad relations with overseas Chinese.