The liver, whether it is its position in the human body or its function, is a bit of a posture of connecting the upper and lower and harmonizing the left and right. If the brain is the king, then the liver is the prime minister.

From a macroscopic point of view, the liver is like a snail lying next to the stomach, like a snail eating hot pot, and the stomach is hot pot.

The head of the snail is next to the stomach, this is the left lobe of the liver, and the back of the snail is the right lobe of the liver. In this way, the liver can be roughly divided into two lobes.

And microscopically, the liver is like something, like a beehive or like a large office building. The central vein of the liver is the elevator in the middle of the office building.

Then various structures form the hepatic lobule around the central vein, which is like an office floor with many offices.

These offices are liver cells, and the fire escapes around the office buildings are the interlobular arteries of the liver.

And then the liver building is made up of countless floors of these liver lobules.

Venous blood from the stomach, large intestine, small intestine, pancreas, and spleen is pooled into the liver.

After the various foods absorbed by the human body are absorbed in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, various substances, including nutrients, enter the liver through the blood vessels. The liver breaks down and assembles and then transports it out.

How to break down the combination, to put it mildly very simple. protein, a person ate sweet and sour tenderloin. It's rich in a lot of protein, but it's all the protein that makes up pigs, and the liver is like a disassembler, breaking the protein into parts, and then combining it into the protein that makes up the human body.

If you don't have a liver, how will this protein be eaten, and how will it be absorbed? This is a bad thing, after eating pork for a few years, how did you start to look like a pig?

Keep eating, eating for five or six years, okay, become a pig! It's a bit of an exaggeration, but that's one of the functions of the liver.

The various venous blood of the digestive tract not only contains nutrients, but also toxins, such as pesticides, such as harmful substances that are decomposed and absorbed by various substances.

All of these will be eliminated by the liver, and detoxified will be detoxified. If there is no prime minister, these harmful substances, not to mention entering other organs, just entering the brain is a very troublesome thing.

For example, after eating an egg, the ammonia molecule produced by the decomposition of the egg white goes directly to the brain. Well, people start talking gibberish, all kinds of weirdness, and even streaking.

So, the liver is very important. How do liver tumors come about? To be honest, a lot of them haven't been studied yet. However, the current research is relatively clear, and there are still some things.

For example, a person who loves fatty meat very much or a person who drinks a lot of alcohol for a long time is too much, and 80g of liquor per day is too much.

Let's not talk about other related diseases. But with just one liver, fatty liver will appear first. In other words, fat people and people who love to drink alcohol are prone to fatty liver disease.

If you are a fat person and love to drink, then your fatty liver will not be able to escape. I don't talk about alcoholic fat and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease anymore.

Let's talk about what fatty liver is in general, in fact, it is very simple, that is, in the large office building of liver, there are many, many fat employees who are stuffed into the faint king, and these fat people are fat particles.

These guys don't work, they don't do anything to decompose or combine, they don't do anything, they are all uncles. If he doesn't work, he will also squeeze out the living space of thin liver cells.

More and more fat people, crammed into the office building. The liver, a large office building, has become a piece of fat, which is fatty liver. At this time, the liver cells can still work, so there are no obvious symptoms.

If the liver only goes this far, there is still salvation. Quit drinking, lose weight, and slowly recover from fatty liver. It doesn't take long, as long as you quit drinking, meat, and lose weight scientifically, you can recover in six weeks.

As long as six weeks, not ninety-ninety-eight, nor six-six-six, as long as six weeks, these fat people will be slowly catabolized by the liver cells in the liver. The liver can still go back to the original and continue to be his little fresh meat.

If you keep eating, keep drinking. Well, there will be more and more fat people entering these offices, and they will directly use their fat bodies to get tired of the weak liver cells to death.

If you are fatty for no reason, can the liver cells be willing? No, so this guy will become fibrotic. That is, it turned out to be a small fresh meat.

Because of unwillingness, after Xiao Xianrou died, his corpse changed. It directly becomes dehydrated beef jerky, exactly the same.

Immediately after that, the liver, which has become a fat office building, has become a piece of hard meat with no channels and no function, greasy on the outside and fibrous on the inside.

At this point, the name of fatty liver was changed, and the very tall one became cirrhosis.

At this time, the disease is coming, and at this point, it is impossible to restore the liver to the original little fresh meat, that is, it can only be delayed but not cured!

Diseases followed, first of all, ascites, the veins in the lower abdomen could not pass through the liver, could not return to the heart, the blood containing a large amount of protein leaked out of the blood vessels, and the human stomach began to enlarge.

Because of the strike of the liver, various hormones and poisons in the body cannot be inactivated, and the skin is yellow, and the skin is like turmeric in the early years, sallow and sallow, like a wax figure that has not been bleached.

Men can also have mammary (a) development, and women are directly menstrual irregularities and cannot get pregnant. What bleeding tendency, hypoproteinemia, is directly followed.

Because the liver is no longer working and not permeable, the related blood vessel pressure begins to increase, like holding down a rubber hose at a water outlet.

The most common is esophageal varicose veins, eat Oreo, usually crispy Oreo, at this time for esophageal varicose veins is a sharp blade.

With a slight stroke, it is directly like a fountain, and blood can spurt out of a person's mouth, either spitting out, directly or spraying, which is also a common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis.

If none of these diseases have killed the person, through various advanced surgeries and various advanced medicines, the money will be spent like water.

This person survived for seven years, and at this time, the liver that had become dehydrated beef jerky was magnified, and the boss of the disease, cancer, liver cancer came.

Therefore, in modern society, in today's society with such a high-energy diet, if you eat less meat and drink less alcohol, you will not die of hunger. Run two more steps, it's okay to walk, you won't die of exhaustion.

There are many cancers in the liver, and we won't talk about those that are unexplained and cannot be prevented, and if they are not prevented, we can't talk about it.

The surgical incision for liver cancer is very large. What is the incision of appendix surgery, what is the incision of the gallbladder, in front of it is the little brother.

"Direct plasma infusion. When Zhang Fan was about to open his abdomen, he said to the itinerant nurse.

The itinerant nurse hesitated for a moment, looked at Professor Zhao Jingjin, and Lao Zhao hurriedly nodded, after all, it is a provincial tertiary hospital, and the nurses in the operating room are still a little arrogant.

Zhang Fan didn't care, and started to do it directly!

Instead of hitting someone, start making surgical incisions. The old man's skin has turned yellow to bright, and the color of iodophor can no longer be seen on the skin when he wipes it.

Because the patient was a huge liver center tumor, Zhang Fan directly made a large incision. How big is the incision made along the costal arch, starting under the xiphoid process?

Pull the lens up, and look at the shadowless lamp, the patient's right abdomen is completely uncovered by Zhang Fan. To use a vulgar analogy, it is like a disemboweled pig on a meat case, and its belly is completely opened.

While cutting, while stopping bleeding and ligation, Zhang Fan's technique could not be more skilled, the size of the bleeding point, the ligation of ligation, the electrocoagulation of electrocoagulation, the surgical field can not see obvious bleeding at all.

In the Department of Science and Education, the director who had called Lao Chang recovered a little, looked at Zhang Fan's technique, and said to another director beside him: "It's a little interesting, there is a hand, it is already very rare to be able to do this step at this age." What is the origin of this guy, the surname Zhao has not missed a bit?"

Lao Zhao was afraid that others would rob him of his credit, so he didn't say anything at all. He just waited for others to be helpless, and then jumped out, didn't you see the dean's face at that time!" At this time, these directors were a little convinced that Zhang Fan could perform this operation.

Everyone is engaged in this business, whether there is kung fu under their hands, whether they are experts or not, everyone knows in their hearts as soon as they make a move.

Open the abdominal cavity and begin to explore. Tumors are so damning. There are so many ways for this thing to be transferred, and it can run from the blood to other places to develop.

It can run from the lymph to other developments, and it can also be transmitted directly through nearby tissues. And they can escape through ascites. Like fruit trees, mature cancer cells can take root and sprout deep where they fall.

Other surgeries are generally made before the operation, and the operation can be carried out directly, but cancer surgery is not possible, although the modern examination equipment is very advanced, but there is still no field investigation.

"There is no ascites, and there is no metastasis in the omentum, mesentery, or peritoneum!" Zhang Fan was a little relieved after probing. Once metastasized, surgery is changed accordingly.

"It's saved, otherwise it would be difficult for someone of such an age to persevere if he was expanding the scope of cleaning. Zhao Jingjin also breathed a sigh of relief.

He knew that today's operation was successful, and the things about his experiments in the hospital would disappear, and when his experiments were successful, he began to charge towards the top of the hospital.

Therefore, the operation cannot fail and cannot be allowed to fail. When he heard Zhang Fan say that there was no ascites, he was really as comfortable as if he had entered the heating room for thirty-nine days.

God help me!

Liver cancer surgery is not easy to do, not to mention the rest, the liver originally has a blood storage function, which is directly like beef infused with water, or a sponge soaked in water. If you break a little bit, it will bleed, not to mention that you have to cut a large part of it.

So hemostasis is important. "Although the tumor is not very large, it is located too close to the center, and the ligation is done. After the exploration, Zhang Fan looked at the tumor protruding from his liver and said softly to Zhao Jingjin.

"Okay, can you start the timer now?" Professor Zhao Jingjin asked Zhang Fan, although he was an expert, Zhang Fan was the chief surgeon, and for this kind of operation, Zhang Fan did it better than him.

"Gloves. Zhang Fan took a pair of unused gloves from the instrument nurse, and saw that he cut the gloves and took out the rubber band in the mouth of the glove.

"I'm ligated. Professor Zhao Jingjin stretched out his hand and originally wanted to take the rubber band for ligation, but Zhang Fan directly refused. Once he has surgery, what Zhang Fan can do will never be handed over to others to complete.

Liver ligation, simple, really simple to say, is to tie the upward and downward blood vessels with a rubber band is OK, what is it? In fact, it is like an apple on a tree branch, and the apple is connected with a rope to the small branch of a big tree and tied up with a rope.

That's what it means. However, the blood vessels are not branches, the ligation is loose and cannot stop the bleeding, and if the ligation is tight, it may burst the blood vessels, and the blood vessels here are not small blood vessels, but very thick inferior vena cava, once broken, it will kill people.

"Tsk! You see, this guy doesn't even believe Lao Zhao directly, and he doesn't let Lao Zhao do it even if he ligates his blood vessels. The directors of the Department of Science and Education gloated and began to laugh at Lao Zhao.

"Yes, let's see, what kind of ability does it have to make the arrogant old Zhao bow his head. ”

"Timing!" Zhang Fan gently and vigorously ligated the upper and lower blood vessels, sounding very contradictory, this is a degree, an appropriate strength.

Without five years of practice, the senior doctors of hepatobiliary surgery will never let the junior doctors get started.

Blood vessels cannot be ligated for too long, and once they are too long, the liver will die. Therefore, the ligation time should not exceed 20 minutes, and in patients with obvious cirrhosis, it should not exceed 15 minutes.

In other words, every 15 minutes of surgery, the ligated blood vessel must be released and the blood must enter the liver for three to five minutes.

Traveling nurse, turn on the timer. said to Zhang Fan and Zhao Jingjin: "Start the timer." ”

In fact, the difficulty of excision surgery is not excision, but freeness. First of all, the blood vessels, various nerves, ligaments, and various tubes above the liver must be freed.

Surgery is done to save people, not to cut for the sake of cutting, so it is necessary to cause as little damage as possible, which is the embodiment of the level of a doctor.

If you don't care about the injury, it is estimated that you can cut out the tumor by pulling out a person with a little training, but once the injury is involved, it will be very troublesome.

The liver is suspended in the abdominal cavity, and this thing is pulled up by many ligaments, and then the blood vessels and hepatobiliary channels pass along these ligaments, and if you want to remove the tumor, you must first separate these ligament blood vessels and various hepatobiliary channels.

Because it is a central tumor, after Zhang Fan ligated the blood vessels, he directly began to remove the gallbladder, because after the tumor was removed, the bile duct was damaged, and the gallbladder was useless, and it would only be bad to stay.

Therefore, if you want to remove the tumor, you must first clean up the surrounding area, just like in a war of annihilation, you must first clear the surrounding area before you can launch a general attack.