Appendicitis, this kind of surgery, can be used as a topic for interns in the general surgery exam, if you want to use this level of surgery to consider Zhang Fan's level of doctors, it will be a bit of a joke.

Not only Zhang Fan's side, but even the medical team in Istanbul next door was not very happy, a very famous doctor in the capital of the country was considered by others for a small appendix surgery, which is really child's play.

However, since the patient is put on the operating cart, the doctors will still do their best to complete the operation. Zhang Fan is a fat aunt here, and an old man is an old man in Istanbul.

I can't talk about who has a more difficult operation, anyway, it's just an acute appendicitis attack.

Acute appendicitis attacks, this disease is attributed to the acute abdomen, and it is also the most common acute abdomen, and there are many triggers for the onset of the disease. But the main reason is that there are two main reasons.

One is infection due to obstruction due to lymphatic follicular hyperplasia, while the other is infection due to obstruction of fecal stones.

What the hell is the lymphatic system? I can't explain it in detail, but you can think of it as a twin sister or brother of blood.

When progenitor cells produce blood cells, they are divided into two categories, one is the so-called red blood cells, which are the various cells in the blood, and the other is lymphocytes. Red blood cells can be understood as working cells, like worker bees in honey powder, while lymphocytes can be thought of as soldier bees.

Why does the appendix proliferate, why do humans suffer such cruel appendiceal disease, what causes the appendix to become inflamed?

To sum it up in one sentence, it's actually war!

Gluttonous human beings never stop trying new and strange foods. For example, all kinds of unclean spicy strips. After eating, there was a war from the mouth to the anus.

"Yo! The mouth is foaming, the gums are swollen! The stomach is a little uncomfortable, I want to have diarrhea, the chrysanthemum is uncomfortable, the swelling is uncomfortable!"

Actually, it is a local allergy that has occurred. Soldiers of all kinds in the lymphatic system fight with foreign objects layer by layer throughout the body. And these swollen tissues are the battlefields and corpses of these fighting factors and all kinds of strange food.

Once the combat factor feels that it can't do it, it will start to smash the field, whether it is a foreign object or the original tissue in the body, it will be attacked by the factor that feels like it is going to fail. Once attacked, the body's otherwise orderly system will collapse.

That's how allergies can kill.

Especially the intestines, more than 10 meters long, the fight is very fierce, and the fight is endless! Once the battle begins, the thin intestinal tissue begins to swell.

The intestines in other places are relatively coarse, and they are not afraid of edema, but the human appendix is not good, its lumen is too thin, and if it is slightly edema, it will be blocked.

Blockage, it begins to stretch the intestinal mucosa, and then it begins to ache. This is how appendicitis pain works, and the swelling is followed by infection. To avoid this disease, as long as you eat less unclean food, you can avoid a 65% chance of triggering.

Surgical instruments and drugs are brought from China. It's very convenient, but it's hard to say about the surgical platform car donated by the oil system.

Anyway, it's a high-priced thing, something that fools people.

"Let's go!" the knife was in hand, and Zhang Fan began the operation. Local anesthesia is a thing that comes and disappears quickly, and the local anesthesia of the master has a very good effect, if you meet a doctor with a low level, it is estimated that no patient will be able to forget this pain in this life.

Dare to use local anesthesia to make an appendix, which Zhang Fan is quite sure of the positioning of the appendix, Zhang Fan must cut the skin, open the film to be able to see the appendix.

Otherwise, if you open your stomach and find that you can't find your appendix, the scene will be terrible. Because local anesthesia only anesthetizes the skin to the intestinal wall, the depth and width are not large, and it is only about ten square centimeters.

The intestines are not afraid of cutting, but they are afraid of pulling, you can imagine that when you open the stomach, the appendix cannot be found, and the doctor is difficult to ride a tiger at this time.

Anesthesia, it's too late, the stomach is opened, the appendix has to be cut off, the doctor can only stroke the intestines one by one, pull it out to see if it's not, stuff it in, pull it out again, and see if it's not!

As the tugging and tugging, the patient's abdominal cavity is like a hungry rat burrowing into it, constantly tearing the patient's intestines. Usually, even if you have a stomachache, you can't feel the intestines in your abdomen.

At this time, the stretching can definitely make the patient realize that there are intestines in the stomach. The world's worst criminal law is probably no more than that.

Therefore, appendectomy, surgery is not difficult, but it is difficult to locate. Many doctors do not do a detailed physical examination before surgery, and during surgery, they are very dogmatic to open the incision at the McS.

As a result, the appendix can't be found, and then just like Popeye pulls the cable, the large intestine is pulled out of the stomach and pulled in, mmp, can't you do a careful physical examination before the operation!

After the operation, he had to exaggerate to tell people. Oh my God, I made an appendix with a very peculiar position today, and it is almost to the pelvis! A doctor with a good level will only say to this kind of person: a second person with education and no knowledge!

Zhang Fan determined the location of the appendix long before the operation. Otherwise, he really didn't dare to do an appendix under local anesthesia. Layer by layer anesthesia, Zhang Fan cut the abdominal cavity, of course, it was also cut layer by layer.

The length of the skin is about two or three centimeters, and it is definitely not more than four centimeters. Opening the skin, Lu Ning said to Zhang Fan: "The mouth is not small, why not extend it a little?"

The knife edge is so small that it takes a lot of effort to put even the smallest retractor.

"We'll talk about that later. Zhang Fan did not directly refuse, although he was sure that he could find the appendix by opening the abdominal cavity.

Cut open the skin and leak out the fat. The difficulty of this operation is estimated to be on this fat. People who have lived in the countryside should know that when killing pigs during the Chinese New Year, when the pig's belly is opened, people will use their fingers to measure the thickness of the fat on the pig's belly.

The fat of the two horizontal fingers, this pig is estimated to be about 100 catties, and the four horizontal fingers, this pig is about 150 catties. And in the operation that Zhang Fan did today, the patient's fat layer was too thick, and it had long exceeded the thickness of a slap!

The fat under the electric knife, Zrazla's was sliced open. Cutting the fat, that is, the muscle, opening the muscle, at this time, the depth of the knife edge has passed ten centimeters, like a deep hole.

Zhang Fan's fingers were inserted, and he couldn't touch the abdominal wall layer without any strength.

"Head nurse, adjust the shadowless lamp, I can't see it!" It's too deep, the shadowless lamp is starting to have a shadow, Zhang Fan said to the head nurse.

"Okay!" The head nurse stood behind Zhang Fan and began to adjust the shadowless lamp across his shoulder, and with the swing of his arm, something soft swept over the back of Zhang Fan's head.

"Zhang Yuan, okay?"

"Okay!"

Peel off the yellow fat, there is a faint blood streak in the middle, and the crystal fat particles are like plump pomegranates, hanging abruptly at the incision.

The ophthalmic pull hook gently hangs on the fat. The knife edge was too small, so he could only let Zhang Fan's two fingers reach in, and Zhang Fan gently clamped the peritoneum with pliers and pulled out a small pimple.

After the two-finger Zen entered, he pinched the small peritoneal bump that was lifted by the pliers, "Well, there is no intestinal tube in it! ”

The nurse handed the scalpel to Zhang Fan, and with a slight stroke, he didn't have to do anything. The red and swollen appendix is like the little brother of a three- or four-year-old child in the morning. "Bang!" sounded, like the sound of champagne, and the appendix suddenly protruded from the incision!

Starting from the base of the cecum, the entire appendix is swollen and congested, literally like the corpora cavernosa is congested. And at the very top of the appendix, because it is infected, white pus can already be seen.

"It's all purulent and liquefied, and it is estimated that it will be perforated in a few days. This positioning of yours is too accurate, not a centimeter is superfluous!" Lu Ning stared at the appendix, stared at the male appendix, and said to Zhang Fan with a smile.