Hand pain chopping hands, foot pain chopping feet, almost all doctors around the world played this a thousand years ago, this is not a joke, but a fact - the times are limited, there is no way.

By the way, in the Song Dynasty and the Arab Empire in the Middle East at that time, the situation was slightly better, and the concept of surgery was there, and it was not possible to cut it with an axe when you saw a suppurated leg.

As for the treatment of internal medicine, Chinese traditional Chinese medicine is broad and profound, and Arab medicine is not bad, in Europe, obviously you can also add a sentence: head pain to cut the scalp, not a head pain can also cut the scalp!

The most terrible thing is that this kind of thing that makes modern people itch to the bones when they hear it, and even stand upside down with sweat and hair, was taken for granted in the whole of medieval Europe, and even the sick would cooperate with such "treatment".

The Europeans at that time did not know what else to do but do so, and they thought it was the right thing to do.

A small cold also bleeds, hiss...

Toothache!

In fact, in the ancient Greek and Roman times before the Middle Ages, the medical technology of Europeans had developed to a fairly good level, such as the "Hippocratic Oath" of the famous Greek doctor Hippocrates, which has been used to this day and is regarded as the common creed of medical personnel all over the world.

Unfortunately, medicine itself is supposed to be a godless science, and the Middle Ages in Europe were an era of religious supremacy!

Thus, with the rise of Christianity, Greco-Roman civilization was dimmed, and European medicine returned to the primitive witch doctor era.

For example, in 14th-century England, people at that time believed that after bleeding a patient, feces should be smeared on the wound...

No matter what disease you have before phlebotomy, you can 100% add one thing after phlebotomy: bacterial infection.

Jerry Gooden, after finishing the chilling account of the ancient Arab doctors, added: "The whole Middle Ages was such horrible health conditions, and this illness was either at the behest of the emperor or slaughtered as a pig."

In the 16th century, before performing surgery on a patient, it is said that he would have a drink with the patient.

One pain is reduced, and the other has increased guts, and this matter of killing people as pigs still requires a bit of guts and enough coarse nerves.

This situation continued into the 19th century, when the doctors who treated people...

To be precise, in the Middle Ages, it was not a doctor who treated people, and in many places there was no concept of a doctor at that time, that is, a barber. ”

Barbers treat people?

Not only haircuts, but also surgeries, tooth extractions...

Whoever has a razor, then a fork!

Ancient Greece and Rome have appeared in Europe to heal wounds images, tools and professional books, Pompeii also unearthed a large variety of ancient Roman surgical tools for various purposes, it is said that the ancient Romans would have sterilized surgical tools at that time!

However, it is a pity that after the fall of the ancient Roman Empire, Western Europe entered the dark ages of the Middle Ages, and social development regressed in an all-round way, as did medical technology.

In the mid-to-late Middle Ages, doctors in Europe could be divided into the following categories: internal medicine doctors who were educated in universities had the highest social status, and at that time there were really universities, and they were really "studying medicine".

It's just that the teacher is in the upper class, a circle of students are listening to the class, and the butcher or barber is doing a knife and scissors against the human body on the display table in the middle for everyone to show.

Understanding the structure of the human body, holding a knife in your hands belongs to surgery, and university teachers disdain surgery, thinking that this kind of bloody and low-grade work should be the business of butchers and barbers.

This is followed by the surgeons who have been studied, then the guild-trained surgeons, and the lowest are the surgical barbers, who will bleed and remove 'excess material' from the skin and head.

Of course, there are also wandering dentists and ophthalmologists, quacks, midwives, clergy who dispense charitable counsel and help as medicine, and finally ordinary family members and neighbors.

On the battlefield, high-ranking figures, such as kings and nobles, may have professional and well-trained surgeons to protect their lives.

Of course, this is not absolutely life-saving, and this profession is also likely to be a brick family, such as the famous Lionheart Richard is more unlucky, because he was hit by an arrow in the shoulder blade when robbing others, and his doctor was not skilled in pulling out the arrow, so he missed.

It's miserable, the arrow didn't come out, but went into the chest cavity and hung up.

The king's doctors were unreliable, and the lives of ordinary soldiers and ordinary people were basically handed over to the barber, and the tools of the barber were also colorful at that time, which would definitely make modern people stand on end and tremble!

Imagine going for a haircut, and the barber is busy, saying, "Wait a minute, I'll have to cut this man's foot off first, and I'll give you a haircut." ”

What's that scenario?

If it was the Chinese people who looked at the European barbers at that time, they probably thought that they had met the East Factory, the West Factory, or the master in charge of the Jinyi Guard!

Barbershop?

The slaughterhouse is about the same!

Ether anesthesia was invented in Europe in 1846, but what if surgery was needed before?

There is no anesthetic, using a sharp axe is a good choice, after cutting the hot oil to pour the wound, using a soldering iron to stop the bleeding on the wound are commonly used, and there is a better way to be "fast"!

The two remains were about to be taken away, and when the time came, find a place to bury them far away, Zhang Nan had no idea of turning his future garden into an archaeological site.

The remains can be dated by carbon-14 dating, combined with the general date of the destruction of the old castle, and finally a news report with extra points for "important research value for the historical development of Austria".

"Research value, it's my business! Can you still give me 500 yuan plus a pennant?"

Zhang Nan scoffed at this.

As for the gang of guys on the construction site, in China, they are all masters who have played with their lives as soon as the ancient tombs are dug up at the construction site, and this Austrian ancient tomb is even more important to me!

Who's to blame for delaying the project!

Even if a king's tomb is dug up, the project manager here will only think first: notify the boss quickly, will the boss be angry...

The idea of the Austrian authorities will never be taken into account.

The skull with three arrows in the head on the skull is supposed to be a good museum exhibit, and it will attract the attention of visitors 100%.

Those who have been shot three times in the head are counted as eighteen lifetimes of mold, and these three arrows...

He must not have bought a lottery ticket when he was alive.

Zhang Nan is good at making museums, for example, the private military museums on Long Island are located in the site, and putting the head of this unlucky guy in it is a very good exhibit.

But Zhang Nan told others that no matter what the nature of the museum he runs, there will never be human remains in it!

Old notion: If this person is dead, it is better to be buried in the ground.

Charlize Theron was still asking Jerry about medieval medicine, and listening to the horrors was like listening to exciting stories, even to other people who had time to listen.

Hunting, a bunch of nervous guys!

When a person can listen to history as an interesting story, and the teacher can tell history as a story, then the student's history performance will definitely be very good.

If Charlie is not a celebrity and movie star, she will study hard, and Zhang Nan thinks she has the potential to become a historian or archaeologist.

Everyone wants to hear it, and the "teacher" is talking about it, and Jerry is saying, "... In fact, not only in the Middle Ages, but also in the mid-19th century!

At that time, anatomy was developed, but at that time, doctors generally reassured patients before performing surgery: My knife is fast, you only need to hurt for a few seconds!

Therefore, there were a lot of fast knife hands in the 19th century, and there were even comparable records, but the mortality rate of surgery was frighteningly high!

In the 19th century, there was a famous Scottish doctor named Robert Liston in England, who was a pioneer in surgery at that time, and he was very famous!

I remember that he died in 1847, when he was only 50 years old, and because of his great contribution to surgery, he was recorded in the "World Famous Doctors".

He was nicknamed 'London Throwing Knife' at the time, and his highest record was amputating a patient's leg in 28 seconds!

Therefore, it can be judged that the period when Robert Liston operated on people was still before ether could be used as an anesthetic, which can be regarded as the 'three-no period' when antibiotics, perfect blood transfusion technology, and anesthetics were not available.

That's a lot of surgery for the patient, but if the surgery is not done, the patient will definitely die, and the doctor needs a lot of nerves to do the work that looks like a butcher.

So from a modern point of view, the surgeons of the 19th century were either sages or perverted murderers, and ordinary people couldn't do this job!

That Liston was one of the most famous doctors in Europe at the time, and one of the most famous surgeries was the amputation of a leg in two and a half minutes, oh, and another part of the patient's body. ”

Speaking of this, Jerry Jerry Goodencowan paused, and the girl asked curiously, "What parts?" ”

28 seconds a leg, two and a half minutes a leg plus a part, what is that?

Anyone will be curious: what else did he cut in more than 5 times the time?

Before Jerry could say anything, Charlie said, "Oops, why are you beating me!"

Xiao Nizi was lightly knocked on the back of the head, and of course only Zhang Nan would do this.

"Don't ask, it's just a part. ”

Hearing this, Charlize Theron understood that it should be a certain part of the man's body, but instead of blushing, he muttered, "Even if... You can't pry your head either, you'll be stupid. ”

Jerry on the side was a little embarrassed to continue, and Zhang Nan said, "I seem to have heard of this, isn't it 300%?"

Jerry nodded with a smile and said, "Yes, boss, it's that operation, in the old Chinese saying, it should be regarded as unprecedented."

In order to be as fast as possible, Liston turned out to be too fast and violent during the operation, cutting off the assistant's fingers with one slash, and the patient's blood during the operation spurted wildly on the body of a nearby visitor.

As a result, the visitor mistakenly believed that he had been stabbed with a scalpel and went into shock on the spot, most likely dying after inducing cardiac arrest.

Both the amputee patient and Liston's hapless assistant later died of gangrene, and he performed an operation with a 300 percent mortality rate. ”

Hearing this, Charlie got goosebumps, and Jerry's words made Charlie a little angry!

"There was also a red, pulsating lump on the neck of a young boy who was called to Liston by his family doctor, who was concerned about an aneurysm.

After reading it, Liston's original words were recorded: 'Cut, whoever has heard of such a young child having an aneurysm must be an abscess.' ’

With that, he pulled a scalpel out of his vest pocket, and blood spurted out of his hand - well, the lump was indeed an aneurysm.

The child died of hemorrhage on the spot, and the aneurysm was made into a specimen that is still in a medical school. ”

Hearing this, Charlie felt incredulous and said, "This is a murderous doctor!"

Jerry, you said he was a famous doctor, and besides, in those days, he could afford to hire a family doctor, and there should be a nobleman or a rich man like him, why didn't this bastard be killed on the spot!"

Jerry smiled bitterly, "Miss Charlie, with our current eyes, we would think that this Liston must be a pervert, but in the era when there are no anesthetics, the operation time is one of the important factors that determine the survival of the patient.

There was no anesthetic, no blood transfusions, many patients died before the operation was over, and Liston's scalpel should have saved more people than he had killed, and he also proposed some concepts such as 'aseptic surgery', which were extremely advanced at the time.

From the point of view of medical development, he is outstanding. ”

Well, an excellent killer doctor, or a famous doctor who even his own assistant solved it.

This was true in the 19th century, so don't expect medical conditions in medieval Europe.

After listening, the girl looked at the "headshot head" that was put into a cardboard box by the workers, and said to Zhang Nan: "It seems that he is relatively lucky, three arrows, and it is estimated that there is no pain in death."

It's a good thing I didn't live in the Middle Ages, otherwise it was..."

Seeing that Jerry seemed to have something to say, Charlie stopped to look at him, her eyes revealing "What do you want to say?"

As a result, Mr. Expert said: "Maybe people in 500 years will look at our time as much as we look at the Middle Ages, and they will think that we are ignorant and backward." ”

That's right, Charlie agrees.

In fact, what Jerry wanted to say just now was not this at all, what he wanted to say was - 200 years ago, women had more miserable children!

In fact, even if you don't talk about the Middle Ages, not to mention two hundred years ago, it was the period of World War I, just like Hemingway's "Farewell, Arms" described - at that time, in a hospital with complete medical facilities, difficult childbirth could easily kill a woman!

Jerry reacted that Charlie was still a girl, and it was better not to say some things.

Crossing, not so much fun.