If you count according to the timeline, the earliest civilized country equipped with bows and arrows was definitely ancient Egypt, no way, people have a thick foundation! In the Old Kingdom, the main weapons of the Egyptian army were battle axes, bows and arrows, and javelins.

In particular, the bow and arrow were used for the longest time, and until the large-scale appearance of firearms, it was the most important individual luxury weapon of the army, and its life was long.

It's just that in the era of the tomb owner Ihadou, although metal has been used for a long time, this arrow is basically flint, and the copper arrow has not been equipped on a large scale, so I don't know if there are copper high-end goods in the tomb of this high-ranking general.

The ancient Egyptian army was equipped with bronze arrowheads on a large scale, and it would take another 500 years to reach the Eleventh Dynasty. And the appearance of bronze arrowheads will not exist until 1000 years after Ihadou.

Resource reasons, because ancient Egypt basically did not produce tin, and had to rely on imports.

Here's an interesting question: the most amazing thing about the Old Kingdom of Egypt was that its army and society were still in the stage of mixing copper and stone, but the great pyramids were built!

Note!

It is a mixture of copper and stone, not a mixture of bronze and stone: Egyptian society in the Old Kingdom did not have hard bronze, at least not bronze with a reasonable ratio of lead and tin. At that time, the quality of copper obtained by smelting was not only relatively soft, but also very small.

At that time, in the war, stone axes and javelins were the mainstream of individual combat equipment, arrows were largely consumables, and copper was not enough to make javelin heads and axes, so there was no time to cast arrowheads.

Besides, flint arrows are very sharp, enough for cutting human bodies, anyway, the ancient Egyptian army itself and nearby opponents at that time had no concept of armor at all, and the battle was basically bare-chested.

It's not just a matter of resources and productivity levels: most of the year is hot, and you can't get ready to wear this armor!

......

Just now Zhang Nan said not to take pictures first, the meaning is obvious: take what I like, let's talk about it.

4,600-year-old ancient Egyptian artifacts are rare, copper items are rare, and bows and battle axes are still funerary objects rather than obnoxious artifacts.

4,600-year-old metal weapons, how many private collectors in the world have?

Thanks to the desert environment and the dry catacombs, the tomahawks still have a metallic sheen, and time seems to have stood still in the deep burial chambers.

As for not saying that I wanted arrows: I didn't see it when I looked into it just now, maybe it was separated by those clay pots, and I couldn't shoot it anyway.

Since you can't shoot it head-on, it's still in a hurry.

One or two arrows are enough, whether they are stone or bronze, and the meaning is just that: the bow of 4,600 years ago can no longer shoot arrows, it is just a beautiful ornament.

As for the other items in the burial chamber, if there are jewels in those two boxes, the outside camera will not be able to capture them anyway, and you can take a few more when the time comes;

The artifact is not interested, and there are probably no good objects in the coffin except for the mummy: not to mention that there were no gold masks in ancient Egypt at that time, and even if there were, Zhang Nan would not think about collecting the things covering the mummy's face.

Boss Guan also went down to look, and when he came up, he said to Zhang Nan, who had arrived near the entrance of the pyramid: "I originally thought that there would be that kind of scythe and carriage, but there was nothing. ”

General, it won't be trespass if you get a carriage to accompany you to the funeral, right?

In this regard, Zhang Nan struggled for a while before saying to him: "Brother Guan, you have been deceived by Hollywood!"

Why did Kwan say that?

There was a scorpion king in ancient Egypt, and legend has it that the king who unified ancient Egypt earlier than Menes in the predynastic period, and later Hollywood also sent several "Scorpion King" movies based on him.

At present, according to archaeological research, it is speculated that this Scorpion King should really exist, and there may be two more, namely Scorpion King I and Scorpion King II.

However, now "The Scorpion King", which slashes people with a sickle-shaped broadsword with a strange shape, has not yet been filmed, but similar American movies have long existed, which is super bad, or simply an old movie without stunts, Guan Boss watched it in the manor on Long Island in his spare time: To sum up, the battle scene in the movie is a two-wheeled chariot and the sickle-shaped scimitar indispensable for infantry, the "standard" in ancient Egyptian movies, it seems that it is applicable regardless of which era and dynasty of ancient Egypt.

But the problem is that this predynastic period was the first period of Egyptian civilization, too early, more than 5,000 years ago! Until Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt in the 31st century B.C., the predynastic period ended and the early dynastic period began.

The weapons of Egypt at that time were bows and arrows, javelins, daggers, clubs, scepters, and throwing sticks: scepters, which were weapons at that time, were similar to the hammers of today.

Here's the problem: Ihadou was a general of the Fourth Dynasty, and at that time there was only one army on land in ancient Egypt, and that was the infantry.

Only infantry, no charioteers!

Because there were no war horses in ancient Egypt 4,600 years ago, donkeys may have them, and donkeys pull chariots?

The picture is too beautiful to think.

It was not until the end of the Second Intermediate Period, 1100 years after Ihadou's time, that the ancient Egyptians introduced horses and chariots from abroad.

At this time, Zhang Nan was a little embarrassed and said to Boss Guan that "there are no horses and no cars", this is not over, "... That scythe was later than chariots, not until the New Kingdom, 3,4500 years ago. ”

The general audience will not know that ancient Egypt, which lasted more than 3,000 years, is also developing, and they think that the ancient Egyptians more than 5,000 years ago used the same guy as their descendants after 3,000 years.

Guan Xingquan didn't care, he was not an expert in ancient Egyptian history, so he was not ashamed.

......

It will take time to dismantle the tomb wall in Mastaba's tomb, and it can't be done "with a hammer of eighty", so it will be handed over to William Brynn's students and miners, and someone will help Zhang Nan keep an eye on it anyway.

This will make Mr. Professor have seen enough of the tomb, and he has to come up to find Zhang Nan.

Zhang Nan's attitude has been very clear, on the premise of being able to make the difference and the archaeological results public, he can share the spoils, which is also a good thing for William Brin.

Zhang Nan wants to check the pyramid, and the professor has to follow, this is a patron who can't be offended. In any case, the Mastaba tomb or this pyramid is more attractive.

But this time Zhang Nan didn't do anything, and he didn't remember to rush into it: the gentleman does not stand under the dangerous wall, Sanchez, old Zamorano and Qiu Bo volunteered to go first.

Entering the tunnel-like pyramid passage, the guys of the mine rescue team have a professional advantage, and Sanchez, who has already entered it before, doesn't think it's particularly dangerous.

With a flashlight, a guide rope and a fluorescent spray, Zhang Nan and his group waited at the entrance of the passage.

Not long after, that is, more than ten minutes, Qiu Bo and the three came out.

The three of them could understand their intentions by gesturing inside just now, and they cooperated happily, but the results of this expedition were not pleasant.

"The passage is complete, but at the third corner it splits into two passages.

The first was a cul-de-sac, with a small unused room, and the second led to a burial chamber with a broken wall and only two broken clay pots and a few pieces of broken wood, all that had been stolen. ”

After listening to Qiu Bo's words, Zhang Nan and William were slightly disappointed, and they entered the passage.

The biggest feeling is deep and depressing, the passage is not high, horizontal, after the first turn out of more than 30 meters and then turn left, to the south, out of 20 meters is the third turning point, the second fork.

Straight forward, less than 20 meters away, is a closed stone wall that has been smashed open, and the tomb inside is three and a half meters wide and about five meters long.

It was almost empty, and the ancient people who destroyed the pyramid, or the tomb robbers of earlier times, had removed all the valuable funerary goods. Fortunately, there are reliefs on the walls of the tomb, depicting the king communicating with the gods and leading to rebirth.

The relief carvings in the pyramid 4,600 years ago are another major discovery.

Even if he had guessed this, William was disappointed: the tomb contained Old Kingdom-style frescoes, but there was no text, and it was not yet 100% certain that this was the final burial place of Snifru.

Zhang Nan is not interested in empty tombs, but he is a little curious about the phenomenon of ineffective passages and tombs in the ancient Egyptian pyramids, and I remember that the pyramid of Khufu also has such a situation.

If one burial chamber is sufficient, why bother to create passages and burial chambers that are not needed?

Go back the way you came, check out the dead end.

It's very long, after turning from the second fork, it takes nearly 50 meters to the end.

The passage is not bad, not only the stone is neatly hewn, but even the walls and the top are scraped with smooth plaster.

The space at the end was enlarged, and it was obvious that it should have been a burial chamber in the first place, at least a backup, or for the queen or something.

There were frescoes on the walls, as well as on the ceiling, but in the end they were empty: there were no traces of the wall or door at the junction with the passage, and it had not been used since it was completed.

"It's a little short!"

Zhang Nan saw that the murals on the wall were still exchanges between people and gods, and there were still no words, so he looked up at the zenith and casually said the height here.

Charlize Theron, who came in together, heard this, and also complained about the depression of the space on the side, Zhang Nan said with a smile: "Who made you grow a Fei Bu long, the average height of the ancient Egyptians at that time was less than 1.6 meters, and the average height of the women was only 1.53 meters, why are you too tall."

However, this tomb is also too depressing, and Pharaoh loves to live in a big house, so he is a little aggrieved. ”

Fei cloth is long, and the big man costs cloth to make clothes.

It's aggrieved, this is a pyramid, and the height of your spare tomb is only about two meters, two or three, uncomfortable!

The same is true of the tomb just now, the tallest Jacob has to hit the zenith if he accidentally comes, and this passage has to bow his head to walk.

"Will Pharaoh wronged himself?"

No!

Absolutely not!

Zhang Nan was excited by the thoughts that suddenly popped up in his head, and seemed to have caught so much inspiration!

Stretch out your hand and signal everyone to stop talking!

Just a few seconds later, he said to the side: "It's too low here, there's a problem with the height!"

Definitely there is a problem!

Knock around, don't spoil the mural!"

The group's eyes lit up and they immediately took action: there might be secret rooms around!

Yes, I felt a little too depressed on the side of the stolen main tomb just now, but after arriving here, it became more and more obvious: even if the ancient Egyptians were not tall, the final destination of the pharaoh was not a small house of the common people, so why should they be aggrieved?

Think of the Pyramid of Khufu, where the aisles, halls, and burial chambers are obviously much taller, and even Tutankhamun's tomb in the photo should be slightly higher than here.

Maybe this was a trick that was set up in the first place?

It's possible!

You can't destroy the mural, you can only experiment with your fist.

This Sanchez and old Zamorano were experts, and a group of people were smashing three walls, even Charlize Theron, knocking on the side for the experiment, causing the two old miners to have to shout a few times in Spanish.

"Everybody stop, it's too noisy, let Sanchez them come. ”

Guan Xingquan understood these words, which means "stop".

He said casually: "Qiu Bo, call a translator in." ”

Qiu Bo walked out quickly, and the two old miners carefully struck it with their fists.

It wasn't until Jobble called in the translator that the two were done.

Sanchez said: "Boss, the walls are all solid, at least one or two meters should be stone.

It's hard to say deeper, you have to use professional instruments, and I didn't bring it this time. ”

After listening to what the translator said, Guan Xingquan, who was looking at the side, nodded: he also seemed to understand a general idea.

Solid, hollow, it has been said many times in the mastaba tomb, and Guan Boss remembers it.

Hearing this, he stomped on the ground hard: you don't need Sanchez two to try, and you can hear that the bottom is solid.

I blinked twice, and when I looked up, I saw the side face of the boss on the ceiling.

Zhang Nan smiled.

"It's so low, it's too close, I can't see it clearly!"

Laughing a little thief, standing on tiptoe, he couldn't knock down the top board, and he was almost.

"Wenbo. ”

Jin Wenbo is 1.95 meters tall, and it is much more convenient to knock on this ceiling than Zhang Nan.

Three walls are solid, and the ground is fine, so the problem may be on the top of the head!

When he knocked it, Jin Wenbo couldn't hear it, but the two Chileans on the side said loudly: "It's empty, it's empty!"

It should be a large stone slab, very thick, perhaps more than forty or fifty centimeters. ”

Zhang Nan smiled.

The concern of people is very terrible, and when the ancient tomb robbers found the first tomb closed by a stone wall, they must have knocked on it and succeeded.

As for this place, an unused, open burial chamber, tomb robbers don't spend a lot of time here.

Tomb robbery, not archaeology, anxious and cautious, how can there be so much idle time.

And from the general point of view, the secret rooms are all horizontal, how many will think that there is a problem overhead?

Besides, Zhang Nan, who is 1.82 meters tall, can't knock on the zenith here, and the ancient Egyptian tomb robbers with an average of less than 1.6 meters are estimated to not knock on it: the gods are still painted on it, and the ancient Egyptians, even if they are tomb robbers, probably won't use fists or hard objects to smash the heads of the gods.

The ancient Egyptians really believed in the gods too much.

Of course, it is also possible that the people who destroy this pyramid are foreigners, and ancient Egypt has been ruled by foreigners many times, and it should be foreigners who destroy this pyramid.

But with the stolen burial chamber, and this obviously unused intact burial chamber as a cover, it's normal not to discover the secrets overhead.