924. Castles and Styles

The three-storey main building, with half a floor of loft-like space above, is not fully covered, only at the edge of the castle.

There is no obvious so-called architectural style, it is more inclined to Rococo, but it is not exactly the same, and the shape of the castle is far less ornate than the pure Rococo style.

But in any case, this place already belongs to the Zhou family, and Zhou's father and Zhou's mother entered the castle and began to visit curiously floor by floor. There are more than 20 rooms in this castle, most of which have been modernized, and there is no problem with daily life. And this castle, from the outside, looks ordinary, but the inside is very gorgeous, gorgeous to the point of dazzling.

Actually, this is normal.

In the mid-15th century, due to the expansion of royal power, castles began to decline, and castles began to be abolished in many places so that they could not be relied on by rebels. In England, there was even a campaign to destroy castles. After the advent of artillery, the castle was gradually replaced by a fortress. After the Renaissance, the castle was converted into a garden castle with extravagant living, and the gaps in the walls were widened to glass windows, supplemented by ornate Baroque and Rococo interiors.

In modern times, most of these castles have been developed as tourist attractions, or as high-end hotels and restaurants.

In Germany, castles can be purchased with simple procedures and low prices, but the purchaser must regularly repair and maintain the castle, which will be very expensive.

The type of castle in the early days was called "mound and slab". A mound is an earthen embankment made of earth with a certain width and height, usually 50 feet high. Large wooden turrets can be built on top of the mounds, and the bottom of the mound is enclosed with wooden planks, called slabs, which are used as protective barns, livestock pens and huts for living. The mound and slab are like islands, surrounded by trenches dug out and filled with water, connected by a bridge and a narrow and steep path. In times of danger, if you can't hold the slabs, the defensive forces will retreat into the tower.

In the 11th century, the castle began to be built with stone instead of earth and wood. The wooden arrow towers built on top of earthen embankments, instead built of large blocks of stone, such fortifications were called shell forts, which later developed into arrow towers or fortresses. A stone wall would surround the old slabs and fortresses, and be surrounded by moats or moats, with drawbridges and gates to protect the castle's only gates. The most famous basic fortress-type castle is the Tower of London, built by William the Conqueror. It was originally a square building and was painted white to attract attention, and later kings strengthened it with the walls and improved buildings seen today.

After the Crusades, new defensive techniques and siege engineers were brought back, which led to improvements in the design of the castle. The concentric castle extends from the central point and is surrounded by two or more circular walls. Originally, a square turret was used to strengthen the defensive power of the wall, but later it was changed to a round turret. Because the corners of the square turret are easily pinched, the entire turret is extremely susceptible to injury, while the round turret is more resistant. Walls and towers can be equipped with more readiness to make them more capable of attacking downwards.

Although artillery appeared in Europe in the early 14th century, no effective siege artillery was used until the mid-15th century. As the power of the artillery increased, people began to change the design of the castle in response. The previously high and steep walls were replaced by low, sloping walls. By the middle of the fifteenth century, the castle began to decline due to the expansion of royal power. In the 11th century, William the Conqueror claimed all the castles in England and took them back from the nobility. By the thirteenth century, the construction or fortification of castles had to be approved by the king. The aim was to abolish the castles so that they could not be relied upon for rebellion.

The castle was in ruins, a quarter of which was still preserved by the nobility, and the rest were in ruins. As the production of wealth shifted from the countryside to the cities, fortified towns became more important.

The construction of a castle can take less than a year or 20 years. For centuries, castle building was an important industry, and famous master stonemasons were in high demand, and groups of castle builders would move from one place to another. Towns wanted to hire skilled workers to build the cathedral, and the lords wanted to hire them to build the castle.

Castle of Baumaris in North Wales, built since 1295. Its design is symmetrical and has no weaknesses. At its peak, thirty blacksmiths, four hundred stonemasons, and two thousand workers were needed. Workers are mostly engaged in digging, carrying, lifting, excavating and splitting stones. This castle with a strict design was never completed. The Great Castle of Conwell, on the other hand, was built by Edward I of England in Wales over a period of forty months.

As for the castle in the winery, it is not so exaggerated, but it is also one of the well-preserved castles.

As for the rococo style inside, Zhou Fangyuan took a fancy to it the last time he came here, otherwise he wouldn't have decided to buy it.

Rococo style is a French art style in the 18th century, which originated in the late Louis XIV era and was popular in the Louis XV era, with a delicate, exquisite, flashy and cumbersome style, also known as "Louis XV style".

The Rococo art style is an art style that originated in France and soon spread to Europe after the Baroque art style. At first, it refers to the rock-like masonry built with shells, stones, etc., which originated from the rockery in China, which is exquisitely clear and gorgeously carved. Rococo is characterized by raised shell-like curves and jagged leaves on interior and furniture shapes, with C-shaped, S-shaped, and swirling curved lines sinuous and repeated. Create an asymmetrical, dynamic, free-spirited and slender, lightweight, ornate and complex decorative style.

The baroque exuberance of exuberance, the solemn sense of volume, and the sense of masculine grandeur were replaced by refined manners and amorous playful moods, as well as a flamboyant, delicate and soft feminine style.

In contrast to the 17th-century Baroque costumes, which were masculine and set in the court of Louis XIV, the 18th-century Rococo costumes were feminine-centric and elegant, with the salon as the stage.

The eighteenth century was seen as the "Age of Reason" or the "Enlightenment", in which philosophers shifted from the work of postulating the existence of God and thus reasoning about all things to the rational method of experimentation and observation to deduce all things in the world, almost eliminating theology from philosophy, choosing a secular course, and shifting interest from the noble edification to the search for frivolous pleasures. The style of art, in the musicians Mozart and Haydn, the writers Pope and Voltaire, and the painters Wardot and Kongsborough, has a common theme, which combines reason and beauty with light, clear, and orderly materials.

Louis XIV often held balls at the Palace of Versailles, tossing the nobles with cumbersome etiquette and meaningless duties, and then creating a leisurely environment with magnificent court decorations, which was conducive to romantic affairs, so as to drain the nobles' energy and make them have no time to plan rebellions. Thus the artist was commissioned to concoct a scenario of Elysium for an ideal life, with the sole purpose of creating a laid-back, and in fact lazy, social pleasure.

Rococo is in contrast to the grand, solemn classicism of Louis XIV's time, and this change is related to the decline of the French aristocracy, the spirit of free exploration of the Enlightenment, and the growing prosperity of the middle class.

Rococo was also influenced by Chinese art during its formation, especially in garden design, interior design, silk fabrics, porcelain, lacquerware, etc. Since French art was at the center of Europe at that time, the influence of Rococo art also spread throughout Europe. The elaborate style of Rococo art is similar to that of Qing dynasty art, and is a common sign of the coming to an end of feudal history in China and the West.

Be specific.

The Rococo architectural style is characterized by three points, first of all, the interesting combination of shells and Baroque style as the main axis, with bright colors and delicate decoration applied to the interior, and the furniture is also very delicate and more elaborate, not as strong as the Baroque style, and the decoration is intense. The interior spaces of Rococo architecture in southern Germany and Austria appear very complex.

Secondly, the secular architecture of the Rococo is characterized by the lightly structured garden-like mansions, which increasingly crowd out the majestic palace buildings of the Baroque. Here, the individual can develop freely without being disturbed by the vaunted court society. For example, names such as the Palace of Pleasure or the Belvedere indicate the private character of these mansions. Prince Eugene's Garden Palace is a rhythmic whole, consisting of seven symmetrically arranged pavilion-like buildings, with a folded compound roof that gracefully and evenly spreads from the middle to the domes of the four corner towers. The gabled, single-storey main hall has almost middle-class comfort, and the two wide, double-layered wings show the opulence of the owner, but without the arrogance of a prince or nobleman. Between two medium-width single-storey buildings, the tower-like pavilions of which give the whole building the character of a fortified castle – in short, very different architectural ideas, but united in an elegant inner connection. It is the careless configuration of this group of buildings with contradictory forms and styles that clearly embodies the spirit of Rococo art.

Finally, the general characteristics of the Rococo style are lightness, opulence, refinement, and delicacy. The interior decoration is tall and slender, asymmetrical, and frequently uses shapes and directions such as "C" and "S" or vortex curves and arcs, and is often decorated with large mirrors, and the Rococo style makes extensive use of garlands, bouquets, bows and arrows, and shell patterns. At the same time, the Rococo style makes good use of gold and ivory, and the colors are bright, soft, light but luxurious and rich. The interior decoration of the Rococo style is elegant, and the production process, structure, and lines are tactful and soft, so as to create a relaxed, bright and friendly space environment.

Specific to the interior decoration, Rococo decoration is delicate and soft, often using asymmetrical techniques, like to use arcs and S-shaped lines, especially love to use shells, swirls, mountain stones as decorative themes, curly grass and flowers, lingering coils, connected into one. The ceiling and the walls are sometimes connected in a curved surface, and frescoes are arranged at the corners.

In order to mimic natural forms, interior architectural components are often made in asymmetrical shapes, with a wide range of variations, but sometimes they are artificial. The interior walls are painted, and bright light colors such as tender green, pink, and rose red are used, and most of the threads are golden. The interior wainscoting is sometimes made of wood, sometimes in a delicate frame, and the frame is surrounded by a circle of lace, often lined with a light oriental brocade.

Moreover, the decoration of the Rococo style mostly uses natural motifs as curves, such as swirls, waves, and rounds; The colors are delicate and shiny, with ivory and golden yellow being the popular colors; Glass mirrors and crystal lamps are often used to enhance the effect.

Zhou Fangyuan himself actually doesn't particularly like things that are too gorgeous, but there are exceptions, such as architectural gorgeousness, he likes it very much, because this kind of gorgeousness has a historical background, and it is no longer simply gorgeous.

In addition, in addition to the gorgeous architecture, there are also some architectural styles that he likes very much.

For example, the North American style, he actually likes it more. You must know that as a country of immigrants, there are descendants of almost all major ethnic groups in the world, bringing a variety of architectural styles, especially by the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain and the original traditional culture of various regions of the United States. They influenced and integrated with each other, and with the further enhancement of economic power, housing forms adapted to various new functions emerged, and various gorgeous residential architectural styles came into being. Therefore, the architectural style of the United States presents a colorful international tendency. It can be said that the architecture of the United States, especially the residence, is the culmination of the essence of residential architecture in the world today, and the integration of some humanistic elements such as the freedom, liveliness and innovation of the United States, making its residence the most advanced, the most humanized and the most creative in the world.

In addition, he also likes the architectural style of ancient China, and not just one or two, as long as it is the architectural style that has been handed down from ancient times to the present, he likes them all.

Especially the Soviet-style garden, really, Zhou Fangyuan dreamed of having a set of such a yard.

Of course, with his current wealth, he could go to the south to buy a house, but the problem is that a really good Su garden can't be bought with money.

The gardeners of Suzhou use unique gardening techniques, in a limited space, through stacking mountains and rivers, planting flowers and trees, configuring garden buildings, and using a large number of plaques, couplets, calligraphy and painting, carvings, steles, furniture and various ornaments to reflect the ancient philosophical concepts, cultural consciousness and aesthetic taste, so as to form a poetic and picturesque literati freehand landscape garden, so that people "do not go out of the city and get the joy of mountains and rivers, live in the city and get the fun of forests and springs", to achieve the artistic situation of "although made by people, it is like the sky opens".

The difficulty of building can be said to be not ordinary.