Chapter 55 Papers

"Think about it yourself, I don't expect you to be wise in the future, but at least you won't make the same mistake again. Zheng Jia glanced at Cheng Yuan deeply, then turned around and walked out, and said, "I will choose a suitable construction company for the afternoon bidding meeting." ”

For Zheng Jia, it is normal for Cheng Yuan to have shortcomings, otherwise it would be too terrible, because it is too unrealistic.

Looking at the back of Zheng Jia leaving, Cheng Yuan sat on the chair and smiled bitterly, he suddenly felt that the boss was not so easy to be.

"It seems that I will have to learn more about this in the future. Cheng Yuan sighed, and then refocused on the theory of controlled nuclear fusion.

The process of nuclear fusion is very simple, that is, a deuterium nucleus is accelerated with an accelerator and collides with a tritium nucleus at a very high speed, and the two nuclei are fused to form a new nucleus - helium plus a free neutron, releasing 17.6 trillion electron volts of energy in the process.

This process is also the principle of the sun's continuous 4.5 billion years of light and heat.

At present, the world's research direction of nuclear fusion is focused on magnetic force constraints, the principle of this method is based on the positive charge of the atomic nucleus, if our magnetic field is strong enough, the atomic nucleus can not run out, as long as a ring magnetic field is established, then the atomic nucleus can only follow the direction of the magnetic field lines, along the spiral motion, can not run out of the range of the magnetic field, and a little distance outside the annular magnetic field, and then establish a large heat exchange device, and then use the method that human beings are already very familiar with, the heat energy is converted into electrical energy.

But the nuclear fusion reactor owned by Cheng Yuan is completely different, and his theory comes from the movie Iron Man. In the movie, the fusion reaction is carried out by adsorbing hydrogen by palladium, which is even more advanced!

Because the first step in nuclear fusion currently studied all over the world is that the gas mixture as a reaction must be heated to the plasma state, that is, the temperature is high enough that the electron energy can be freed from the constraints of the nucleus, and the nucleus can move freely.

This is when the nuclei come into direct contact, at a temperature of about 100,000 degrees Celsius.

And that's not enough!

The repulsion force between the nuclei of the same positively charged, the nuclei need to run at an extremely fast speed, and the easiest way to get this speed is to continue to heat up, so that the random collision of the nuclei reaches a crazy level, and to make the nuclei reach this operating state, it takes a temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius.

The final step is to collide the nucleus of tritium and the nucleus of deuterium at a tremendous speed, without concealment, creating new helium nuclei and new neutrons, releasing a huge amount of energy. After a period of continuous input, when the reactor no longer needs to be heated by external energy, the temperature of the nuclear fusion is sufficient for the nucleus to continue to fuse.

In this process, helium nuclei and neutrons will be eliminated in time, and a new mixture of tritium and deuterium will be fed into the reactor, and nuclear fusion can continue, and a small part of the energy produced will remain in the reaction body to maintain the chain reaction, and most of it can be exported and used as an energy source.

There is only one question with this approach, where do we put this reactor that is up to hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius?

To date, humans have not created any chemical structure that can withstand 10,000 degrees Celsius, let alone hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius. That's the only reason why 50 years after the hammer has been made, humans haven't been able to effectively extract energy from nuclear fusion.

Of course, the fact that humans can become the masters of the earth shows that their intelligence is much smarter than that of other creatures, and the problems that cannot be solved in terms of chemical structure are turned to physics. This is how magnetic confinement nuclear fusion comes about.

At present, the well-known method is the "tokamak" type magnetic field confinement method. It uses a strong magnetic field generated by a strong electric current to confine the plasma to a small area to achieve nuclear fusion. Although it has been close to success under laboratory conditions, it has not lasted long.

Technically speaking, there will be a turbulent phenomenon in the process of plasma movement, and the disordered and irregular particle motion is unpredictable, while the tokamak high-temperature and high-density plasma will have a lot of instability, if a probe is inserted into the center of the plasma, it will immediately excite instability and the whole plasma will fall apart.

In terms of engineering, if we want to achieve the ignition conditions of fusion, then we need to generate a strong enough magnetic field in a large enough volume, about 10T.

Now the maximum stable magnetic field that human beings can achieve is about 10T, the electromagnet that produces such a large magnetic field must need a huge current, and the huge current will heat up, and the material will burn itself after heating, so the largest tokamak project ITER is now under construction is the way of using the superconducting coil, which does solve the heating problem, but the coil wants to maintain superconductivity, it needs to be extremely low-temperature, liquid helium immersion.

So you can imagine such a scenario: "In a room, the internal temperature is 100 million degrees Celsius, and the surface temperature is a few Kelvin ultra-low temperatures!", the difficulty of engineering implementation can be imagined.

The last difficulty is economic, to make such a large superconducting electromagnet, the cost is definitely hundreds of billions!

So now the largest tokamak project ITER is not done by one country at all, but seven countries together to pay for cooperation, once the budget is exceeded, then this number will grow without limit, it may be trillions of dollars, or ten trillion or trillion dollars.

This process depends on the wisdom and creativity of the researchers.

Compared with them, the theory in Cheng Yuan's hands is a complete technology that can be concretely realized.

Cheng Yuan can imagine that once the theory of controlled nuclear fusion in his hands is released, it will bring about a world-class earthquake.

However, writing a paper is not so simple, it requires not only your own findings, but also some relevant literature in the past. A qualified paper requires a lot of literature to verify, but Cheng is far from knowing this, he is now sitting in front of the computer and weaving the knowledge in his mind into words, and then entering it into the computer.

......

In a secret conference room of the Ministry of National Defense in the capital of China, Colonel Yang Qiaoyuan, wearing a dark green military uniform, reported to his boss with a serious face. "Chief, regarding the intelligent core, Cheng Yuan has no intention of exchanging it at the moment. ”

"For now?" Yang Qiaoyuan's boss was a middle-aged man about fifty years old with a resolute face, and the man was wearing a military uniform with a twinkling star on his shoulders. He was not dissatisfied with Yang Qiaoyuan's words, but looked at Yang Qiaoyuan curiously and said, "You mean, Cheng Yuan's little guy will be in the future?"

"Yes. Yang Qiaoyuan nodded and said, "Although it's not clear why he waited for a while, this is his answer." ”

The man smiled slightly: "This little guy is quite tightly covered, since people don't want to forget it, I will report this matter, you go down first." The man waved his hand at Yang Qiaoyuan.

However, Yang Qiaoyuan didn't go out, he said loudly: "Chief, although Cheng Yuan didn't agree to our request, he took out another thing and wanted to cooperate with us." ”

"What is it?" the man's eyes flashed, and he looked at Yang Qiaoyuan with interest.

Yang Qiaoyuan paused for a moment, and said in a deep voice: "Chief, it's graphene." He said that he had a new technology for the preparation of graphene, which was more powerful than any technology available today, but he did not give me any written instructions. ”

When the man heard this, he pondered for a moment, and said to Yang Qiaoyuan: "Don't publicize this matter to the public, I will report the situation here, and the specific situation depends on how the boss reacts." The man was quite emotional, and at the same time, he was more concerned about Cheng Yuan, so he came up with an intelligent robot, and now the whole graphene, is it going to enter the energy industry in a while?

The man was amused by his sudden whim.

Unbeknownst to the man, however, his whim was just guessing what he was going to do, as he had already begun to write a paper on controlled nuclear fusion.