There are fragments of the large jar of the Cizhou kiln of the Yuan Dynasty that came out of the water before as a basis, just by guessing, you can judge that the blue and white plate that will come out of the water is also a product of the Yuan Dynasty, not to mention that Randy, who did not have to take over, took out the large plate from the net bag, Zhang Nan had already found that this was a blue and white white lotus pond waterfowl pattern rhombic plate.

In the center of the plate are two waterfowl herons foraging in a lotus pond, and the birds, lotus leaves, and flower buds form the central two-story space in the visual layout. The outer ring is in turn Ruyi cloud head pattern, water wave pattern, twig pattern layer by layer, the whole plate gives people the biggest visual experience of one word - full!

The blue and white ornamentation pattern is full, but it looks very atmospheric.

Took the still dripping plate from Randy's hands, it felt very heavy and heavy!

The glaze color is white and slightly shiny blue, because the sea water on it is not dry, it appears smooth and translucent; the blue and white hair color is heavy and bright, showing a verdant and bright indigo blue, and there are black rust spots in the thick place: I touched the blue and white glaze in a few places where the glaze is strong, and my fingers have a little uneven feeling.

Even if he is rich and rivals the country, he has already had two Yuan Dynasty fine Yuan Dynasty blue and white before, but he is still a little excited!

Flipping it over, there are no markings.

"This is the imported Su Ma from the green material burned boutique, the composition is dense, the layers are many, the painting is neat five layers, Brother Guan, this is the genuine 'to the positive' Yuan blue and white.

Oh!

Weta, you said there's a small half-cabin down there?"

Zhang Nan couldn't help but ask the diving captain who exposed his upper body in the second half: If there are a lot of them below, it is a real discovery!

Although the ornaments and patterns on this large plate are traditional Chinese painting and ornamentation types, the painting style has a distinctly Islamic style.

Blue and white porcelain, knowing the Yuan Dynasty, is not in line with the traditional aesthetics of the Han nation, because the previous Han traditional culture has always paid attention to simplicity and elegance, and the patterns fired after the blue and white paintings are too fancy.

The Yuan blue and white pattern originally absorbed elements of Islamic culture, and this influence actually continued until the Ming Dynasty, but it became less obvious.

This is the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty found on a shipwreck that sailed far away, and it is very likely that it was the same as the "Blackstone" 500 years earlier, which was originally on its way to the nearby island of Bangka, or simply to Belitung for supplies.

It's not just a matter of money, it's also about nautical archaeological value.

The diving captain was still soaking in the seawater, and was about to come up, when he heard Zhang Nan's words, he hurriedly said, "Yes, boss, in the second cabin near the bow of the ship."

Not only this kind of large plate, but also other porcelain, and there are many containers, all of which are this kind of Clark porcelain. ”

The main body of the wreck was protected by seabed silt, and after the initial removal of silt, the head and tail were already distinguishable.

This will be about Vita's name for Yuan Qinghua Yu, Zhang Nan is too lazy to correct it - ordinary Europeans and Americans basically call blue and white porcelain "Clark porcelain", who let them not know what blue and white porcelain is at all 400 years ago!

In 1602, the Dutch East India Company captured a Portuguese merchant ship, the Clarke, at sea, and found that it was loaded with a large amount of blue and white porcelain that stunned them.

Of course, these porcelains came from China, but the Dutch didn't know or understand, but it didn't prevent the Dutch people who were still using pottery from being so excited that they were almost crazy about this batch of porcelain!

I don't know what to call this kind of porcelain, and I can't figure out the origin, so the Europeans named them "Clark porcelain".

Later, there were gradually Chinese porcelain exported to Europe, because of the sensational and far-reaching impact caused by the "Clark" goods, blue and white porcelain was still called "Clark porcelain" by Europeans, and it is still called so: Coming back, it is really a bit difficult for them to pronounce "blue and white" with the tongue of "alphabet brothers and sisters".

Because of this historical reason, Zhang Nan never corrected the guys' Western name for blue and white porcelain, anyway, in the Western world, the frequency of making some blue and white porcelain by himself is not high, and it doesn't matter if the guys' name is changed or not.

The high-quality export porcelain has long been stocked up, and there are always a few other high-quality products, but I didn't think that there was a half-cabin Yuan Qinghua waiting for me!

This is not just rare, it can be regarded as a once-in-a-lifetime event.

"I'll go down and have a look. After Zhang Nan finished saying this, he turned his head to Guan Xingquan behind him and said: "Inform the Big Shark, send Chen Jianghua over in a small boat, and tell him that there is a Zhizheng Yuan Qinghua here!"

When Guan Xingquan heard this, he turned around and left: after being with Zhang Nan for so many years, he knew what "Zhizheng Yuan Blue and White" meant--- one of the top colors in porcelain!

The blue and white cobalt materials used in the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty mainly include imported materials, domestic materials and mixed materials, and the imported cobalt materials are mainly "Su Ma Liqing", which belongs to the high-iron and low-manganese type, and the blue and white hair color is blue and bright with rust spots. The domestic material basically belongs to the high manganese and low iron type, the hair color is relatively light, and there are no rust spots.

Zhang Nan said that now the academic community generally divides Yuan blue and white into two types: Zhizheng Yuan blue and white and Yanhu Yuan blue and white.

Zhizheng type Yuan blue and white is a pair of elephant ear vases with the inscription "Zhizheng 11 years" collected by the British Daweide Foundation as the standard utensils of the era, and the pair of bottles is also called "Daweide bottle".

No matter how many people think it's problematic with the bottle, they're the standardizer for this standard.

Compared with the two, the "Zhizheng type" era is relatively late, and it is generally believed that the main firing age of this Yuan blue and white is the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, about 1341-1368. However, since the twelfth year of Zhizheng (1352), the vicinity of Jingdezhen has been affected by the war, and the firing of this "Zhizheng Yuan Blue and White" with an obvious official background has been stopped.

The latter is mainly based on a blue and white peony pattern tower lid bottle unearthed in a tomb of the Yuan Dynasty buried in 1975 in 1975 in the sixth year of Yanhu in Xichi Kiln Factory in Huangmei County, Hunan Province, that is, before about 1340.

However, this kind of age judgment is just a name, without any documentary support, no one can say that there was no "Su Ma Liqing" in the early Yuan Dynasty, and there were many blue and white domestic green materials in the later period: judging from common sense, the blue and white porcelain fired by domestic green materials is much more than that fired by imported green materials.

The difference between the raw materials is not only in the color, but also in the style.

The difference between these two types of Yuan blue and white is very big in style, because the "Zhizheng Yuan Blue and White" is made of imported cobalt material, which is not only bright in color and with rust spots, but also accompanied by the phenomenon of fainting, and is not the same in modeling and painting skills: the decoration is dense, the layers are numerous, and the shape is generally taller.

The latter is made of domestic materials, the color is relatively "plain", and the decoration is relatively simple and sloppy.

Judging from the current Yuan blue and white porcelain unearthed in China and found abroad, most of the Zhengzheng Yuan blue and white porcelain are exported and some furnishings and temple offerings.

As for those made of domestic green materials, there are many daily utensils, and some are exported: not to the Arab world, but to Southeast Asia, such as in the Philippines and Indonesia.

It is very interesting that the Yuan blue and white flowers found in the Philippines are almost all burial vessels in the tombs, and the individuals are small, and it seems that this kind of export is specially tailored to meet the special needs of some people in Southeast Asia at that time for burial goods.

So how many are there now?

There are less than 400 pieces in the world, at least Zhang Nan said the academic community thinks, and the Topkapi Museum in Turkey and the National Museum of Iran are the places with the largest collections of Zhizheng Yuan blue and white flowers.

The sailors on the deck were still preparing diving equipment for Zhang Nan, and Guan Xingquan came back and said, "He will come over immediately, but the mobile lifeboat on the cargo ship is not fast, and it will take more than an hour." ”

Zhang Nan nodded, and carefully put the large plate that was still watching into a plastic water tank: it was filled with fresh water.

Good stuff, try to desalt.

Boss Guan looked at Zhang Nan's movements and asked, "Is this the official kiln?"

"It should be, as long as it was fired after the first year of Yeonyou and 1314, then it must be an official kiln. ”

"Why?"

Guan Xingquan was puzzled, just now he thought it was because it was exquisite, or "the most positive type blue and white", so he casually asked if it was an official kiln.

As a result, Zhang Nan judged from the age, which is a bit strange.

When Zhang Nan heard this, he reached into the water tank and drew a circle on the third layer of the plate, and said: "This is the Ruyi cloud head pattern, it is the Lingzhi Ruyi head ......"

After he finished speaking, Guan Xingquan understood why: the official kiln ware and the folk kiln ware in the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty can only be distinguished from the ornamentation, and it has nothing to do with the level of craftsmanship and the type of green material.

The reason is that since the first year of Yuan Yanyou (1314), the Yuan court clearly stipulated: double-horned five-clawed dragon pattern and unicorn, Luanfeng, white rabbit, Ganoderma lucidum and other patterns, ministers and concubines are not allowed to use!

Whoever uses who kills the head!

As for what "wait" means, it is probably the same as "other situations that violate these provisions" and "the final interpretation right belongs to XX".

It is the reason for this regulation that all the blue and white ware of the Yuan Dynasty that has forbidden ornamentation is also the official kiln ware produced by the order of the kiln, but a considerable part of the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty that does not paint these ornaments is also the official kiln ware.

This is troublesome, because "yes" is an official kiln, "no" it may not be an official kiln, if the latter situation occurs, then rely on guessing!

What's even more interesting is: the five-clawed dragon is royal, what about a little less claw?

In the Ming Dynasty and the Braided Dynasty, a little less can probably be regarded as "python, Jiao", and ministers can use it, such as the princes, but the grass people are estimated to not be able to use it.

But the Yuan Dynasty was not: come to a Yuan blue and white dragon pattern jar, and look at the four claws.

Happy, right?

Glad!

Dragon, a proper official kiln......

Wrong, inappropriate, faulty!

The three-clawed and four-clawed dragon patterns in the Yuan blue and white flowers, as well as the coarser utensils, are basically the products of the folk kilns used by the ministers and concubines.

Yuan Dynasty porcelain, three-clawed, four-clawed dragons flying all over the sky, flying around and flying into the people's homes.

There are always more private kilns than official kilns, and if you think that all the Yuan blue and white flowers are sky-high, it would be ridiculously wrong!

But as long as the workmanship is good, even if it is a domestic green material, dozens of them are also the starting price.

Of course, there is still a bit of a gap compared to the "positive type" that has been hyped to the sky.

It's not that it's too much and it's worthless, but before Zhang Nan was reborn, those speculators probably hadn't had time to fry the domestic green of the Yuan Dynasty: it's not easy to fry anymore, there is no goods!

In addition to some small ware types that do not look high-grade, shoddy and indiscriminate, intact and high-grade domestic Qingyuan blue and white ware, it may even be less than the "Zhizheng type"!

It doesn't look high-grade, so no matter how much you fry it, it can't go up!

And the high-grade ......

It's either in some museums in China, or in the hands of people you can't even think of, anyway, there are no foreign countries, because they were not exported in the first place.

Zhang Nan had a local Tibetan friend in his last life, more than ten years older than himself, and even his son and Zhang Nan were good friends, and the boss who sold yellow sand was a townsman, and he began to make small fights and collects in the early 80s.

Later, he also engaged in the battlefield, and also set up a machinery factory, the business is getting bigger and bigger, and the financial strength is strong: he especially likes porcelain, and he is bold, much bigger than Zhang Nan's handwriting, and even cultural relics dealers from other provinces will take the initiative to deliver them to the door.

The local government hopes that he can open a private museum, although it was not opened due to financial reasons, but it can also be regarded as a brand of Jiangnan Province collection.

Zhang Nan has been to his house a few times and knows how rich the collection is: the two big four-story buildings in front of and behind the house, each floor will not be less than 200 square meters: one of them is not inhabited, from the basement to the top floor, full of collections.

It's a pile, not a placement.

The various varieties of silver dollars are classified in bamboo baskets, and a thick layer of ash has accumulated on them;

Even on the stairs, one side of each step was filled with stacks of Qing Dynasty plates and bowls: no way, there were too many of them, and there was no place to put them.

Now Zhang Nan is wealthy, and he sometimes plays "unreasonable batches" when collecting antiques, and people have accumulated it for decades, and more than half of the money he made in business has become a collection.

When "Treasure Hunting" arrived in Yan County, the leaders of the Propaganda Department and the director of the Cultural Management Committee accompanied the experts and film crews from the capital to his home to show the strength of the private collection in Yan County.

TV is not on it, people don't use TV to increase their fame at all, they play low-key, lively in the circle, and the results are shocking to the film crew and experts from the capital!

In the porcelain collection, the south basically does not play the "five kilns", and generally plays the early Yue kiln, Longquan, Ming and Qing dynasties, which are official kilns, so what if it is Yuan Qinghua?

In the treasure building, all the other rooms and corridors are piled up, but there are really good friends and leaders who want to give face to visit, so they can't always move things to the "front building", right?

There is still a large living room in the treasure building that is furnished, and some fine products are placed, and even the chairs are top-quality Qing Dynasty mahogany furniture.

As soon as the expert arrived, before he sat down, he saw a mahogany table facing south, and a blue and white jar with a height of about 30 centimeters, a regular shape, and exquisite blue and white paintings was placed at one end.

Take a closer look: domestic green material yuan blue and white!

Intact, even the lid is there.

A chat, where did it come from?

The Tibetan friend told these people from the capital: Seventeen or eighteen years ago, a businessman who made antiques in Jingdezhen sent them here.

As for the price at the time......

No one asked, and he wouldn't say anything if he asked, or he wouldn't talk nonsense at all.

In fact, even this is the way to come......

No one will tell the truth, and Zhang Nan will not say it.

However, Zhang Nan and a few good friends in the local circle also know things that those people from the capital don't know: it's not a pair, that buddy has almost four pairs of Yuan blue and white pots!

As for the question of where he came from, Zhang Nan knows the way he came from, because as long as the reason for the reason for the other party is reasonable, you don't care where he came from, it's not your own anyway.

However, according to Zhang Nan's guess, there is a situation that is more likely: the burial goods are still the burial goods in a family cemetery, so there can be four full pairs.

However, they have been hidden in other people's homes for at least seventeen or eighteen years, so don't delve into the question of the source, or because of the sentence: as long as it is reasonable, it is reasonable.

As for why I didn't see it on TV?

Treasure hunting, real collectors and players, basically don't put good things on TV, and they can't do it at all.

Otherwise, there wouldn't be so many trusts: Yan County treasure hunting, at least half of the four people in the "finals" are trusts, and the final winner of the "folk treasure holder" is actually a veteran announcer and director of the radio station, and the thing is not his at all.

To, everywhere.

Of the two types of Yuan Qinghua, Zhang Nan prefers the "Zhizheng type", because it is big enough and bright enough, so he is so happy.

Get dressed and get into the water.