At present, among the four major satellite navigation systems in the world, the United States gPs global satellite navigation system adopts a combination of cesium clock and rubidium clock, and the timing accuracy is extremely high.

The atomic clocks sold by these companies in the United States are all between 50 and 100 nanometers accurate, and they are all rubidium atomic clocks, such as cesium clocks, which will not be sold.

Russia's GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System, the European Galileo Global Satellite Navigation System and the BeiDou Satellite Navigation System all use the timing method of rubidium clock combined with passive hydrogen clock.

There is only one research institution in China that can produce hydrogen atomic clocks, rubidium atomic clocks, and cesium atomic clocks at the same time, but there is still a long way to go from the United States in terms of high precision.

The positioning accuracy of the Beidou navigation system is about 100 meters, which is very large, and if this system is used to guide the zhà dàn, the accuracy is not enough at all, and the accuracy is not much stronger than the bombing method of the bombers of World War II.

Because the Starlink-1 satellite uses similar technology to radar, in order to track high-speed targets, a high-precision atomic clock is needed to obtain accurate measurement results, and in order to obtain the movement trajectory of the mobile terminal all day and all day and let the satellite keep up, Yang Jie chose to carry a hydrogen atomic clock on the satellite.

Rubidium atomic clock and cesium atomic clock have their own characteristics, rubidium atomic clock is cheaper in cost, but the accuracy is relatively poor; cesium atomic clock has good long-term performance and is more suitable for ground time reference; hydrogen atomic clock has better short-term and medium-term performance than the previous two, and is suitable for navigation satellite time maintenance.

Yang Jie also chose the hydrogen atomic clock and rubidium atomic clock as the atomic clock carried by the Starlink-1 satellite.

In fact, the domestic research and development of hydrogen atomic clock time is very long, the domestic Jinshan City Observatory has been engaged in time frequency research for a long time, since the 60s of the last century, it has undertaken the domestic universal time work, and in the 70s, the first ground active hydrogen atomic clock was developed, and a lot of technical experience has been accumulated in the production and manufacturing of hydrogen atomic clocks.

After Huaxia Satellite Communications Company got in touch with the Jinshan Astronomical Observatory, the two sides also established a joint venture company, and the Observatory also transferred a chief scientist and a group of senior engineers to join the research and development team.

Due to the precise design of the spaceborne hydrogen atomic clock, the complex system composition, and the development of aerospace engineering products requires a large amount of upfront funding support, Huaxia Satellite Communications Company has provided stable and sufficient research and development funds, and under the coordination of Huaxing Group Company, many subsidiaries of Huaxing Group have undertaken the engineering transformation of the physical part and the circuit part and the development of the principle prototype, which has greatly shortened the research and development time of the hydrogen atomic clock.

Previously, the Jinshan Astronomical Observatory's ground-based active hydrogen atomic clock weighed more than one ton, and on the basis of this technology, it was extremely difficult to reduce the weight of the spaceborne hydrogen atomic clock to 18 kilograms.

However, the subsidiaries of Huaxing Group have demonstrated a very high level of craftsmanship in the production of electronic components for hydrogen atomic clocks and the production and manufacturing of getter composite vacuum pumps, microwave cavities and magnetic shielding housings.

That really scared a lot of people, Huaxing Group in the precision device technology level is already the same as the world's first-class enterprises.

When the weight of the hydrogen atomic clock was reduced to more than 100 kilograms, it was already the processing limit of the active hydrogen atomic clock, and the research team decisively turned to the development of the passive hydrogen atomic clock.

Under the leadership of Chief Scientist Lin Chuanshu, the R&D team spent more than two years to finally reduce the hydrogen atomic clock to 18 kilograms, which met the design requirements, and this hydrogen atomic clock has also become the smallest hydrogen atomic clock in the world at this stage.

After more than two years of principle exploration and technical engineering transformation, the R&D team finally broke through the key technologies and completed the accumulation of various technologies required for the development of spaceborne hydrogen atomic clocks.

Through the experimental simulation of various vibrations, high and low temperatures, high-energy particle radiation and other very harsh environments, the spaceborne hydrogen atomic clock has withstood the mechanical tests such as vibration and impact during the launch of the satellite, and can adapt to the high and low temperature environment and space radiation environment during the orbit operation of the satellite, and the timing accuracy has reached 10 nanoseconds, which has met the design requirements, and the successfully developed hydrogen atomic clock has become an atomic clock with the highest accuracy in China at this stage.

At the same time, Huaxia Satellite Communication Co., Ltd. has also invested in the construction of a hydrogen atomic clock production line for Yidu Space Technology Co., Ltd., with a designed production capacity of 120 units per year.

In addition, the instrument and equipment company of Huaxing Group Co., Ltd. was developing small measurement and control instruments as early as four years ago, and needed to develop a chip-level atomic clock with atomic coherent layout trapping, and later after the company acquired the Norwegian company, this subsidiary also used micromechanical technology to design and develop micro laser and other micro devices for this atomic clock, and One Degree Space Technology Company was also involved in this project.

Two years ago, a miniature atomic clock with a physical volume of only the size of a soybean and an electrical part the size of a fingernail was developed.

The power consumption of such an atomic coherent layout trapping atomic clock is only 75 milliwatts, which can be powered by lithium batteries and can be fully integrated into the circuit board, and the stability of this atomic clock can achieve an error of no more than 1 second in 300 years.

After nearly two years of rigorous experimental tests, this atomic coherent layout has matured to trap atoms, and these atomic clocks will also be used in ground transceiver terminal equipment.

In order to meet the large-scale mass production of atomic coherent layout captive atomic clocks, Huaxing Instrument Equipment Company and Yidu Space Technology Co., Ltd. have built their own production lines, and now the production capacity has reached 30,000 sets per month, which are basically used in base stations, servers, network equipment, radar, power equipment, wireless communication equipment, etc., and have now been realized.

Thanks to the use of high-precision atomic clocks, these devices can be very fast, efficient, and stable in exchanging large amounts of data in real time, and greatly reduce electromagnetic interference.

After the completion of the Starlink network, with the explosion of terrestrial transceiver terminal products, the output of atomic coherent layout captivity atomic clocks will usher in a larger explosion, which is conservatively estimated to require hundreds of thousands of units per year.

At present, the quotation of the two companies of this atomic clock is about 1800 US dollars, compared with the miniature atomic clock used by the US military's gPs ground receiving equipment, the price is about 1000 US dollars.

Because Huaxing Group uses micromachining technology, these devices can be mass-produced like semiconductor devices, and the cost price will naturally drop all of a sudden.