Gamma rays destroy 1/3 of the ozone layer, and without the protection of the ozone layer, the ultraviolet rays from sunlight penetrate directly into the atmosphere, killing a large number of plankton.

Just like the last solar eruption, plankton deaths disrupted the foundations of the marine food chain, causing a chain reaction and famine began to spread everywhere.

The radiation also kills large numbers of corals, destroys the habitat of marine life, and forces the various symbionts that hide in them to leave, be exposed to unfamiliar environments, or be preyed on, or become extinct because they are not adapted.

Famine has spread across the globe, and creatures at the top and bottom of the food chain are struggling with hunger, and in order to survive, predators need to kill their own kind to get enough food, exacerbating the already miserable living conditions of the species.

Decades after the disaster, the survivors did not wait for a turnaround, and an even greater disaster struck, when the gas molecules shattered by the rays recombined to form a toxic gas called nitrogen dioxide, which obscured the sky and the sun, causing damage to the respiratory system of living beings on the one hand, and blocking 50% of the sunlight on the other.

The earth lost the exposure of sunlight, the temperature began to drop rapidly, at this time in the earth's biosphere, oviparous animals are the mainstream, and the hatching of eggs has a direct relationship with the temperature, the sudden drop in ambient temperature makes the eggs of animals unable to develop normally in low temperatures, and the lack of fertility has led to a significant decline in the population of various species.

As a result of the sudden drop in sunlight exposure, the Earth's climate, which has lost a stable source of energy, has become very unstable, and as a result, ocean currents that depend on the temperature difference of the sea and atmospheric circulation have become strange and inexplicable.

The earth is like a martial arts practitioner who has gone mad, the ocean current is like a meridian, the uncontrolled internal power has shattered the meridians, and the sea water has produced huge waves, which have disturbed the marine animals.

The straight-shelled nautilus wants to take refuge in the deep sea, but the water pressure in the deep sea is very large, and the high water pressure crushes the unstable shell of the straight-shelled nautilus. Their close relative, the Nautilus, was spared because of its sturdy shell.

Ten years after the disaster, the water temperature in the ocean dropped from 25 degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius, and the lack of light at low temperatures killed more plankton, which accelerated the collapse of the food chain, but small animals with less food needs did not feel hungry, so small animals were more likely to survive in the famine.

About 500 years after the catastrophe, 1/3 of the planet's creatures have disappeared, and the remaining creatures are still struggling with hunger.

Due to the lack of sunlight, the global average temperature dropped from 22 degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius, causing large quantities of sea water to freeze, shallow marine animals once again losing a large number of habitats, and glaciers spreading at an unimaginably fast rate, with more than 10% of the sea freezing a few years later.

Glaciers have consumed a lot of seawater, causing sea levels to drop by about 100 meters, and much of what was once ocean has become land.

Ice age events are getting worse and worse, and a large number of icebergs appear in the ocean, and the icebergs are like runaway cars, rampage, and a large number of creatures are killed by it.

150,000 years after the catastrophe, the average global temperature has dropped to 5 degrees Celsius, and more than half of all living things have been wiped out in the bitter cold......

After 200,000 years of the catastrophe, the Ice Age has finally passed, but the signs of life on Earth have almost disappeared, and it will take hundreds of thousands of millions of years for the Earth to regain its former vitality.

Yang Pingfan had turned into a pure energy creature, so this directional ray burst also had a heavy blow to him, his consciousness was shattered, and by the time he regathered his consciousness, 400,000 years had passed, and the disaster was basically over.

The catastrophe that swept the world was the first mass extinction in the history of the planet, causing the extinction of 56% of the species, and the nautilus miraculously survived, but suffered a bad genetic mutation and shrunk to 2 meters.

The horseshoe crab quickly replaced the straight-shelled nautilus as the apex predator in the aftermath of the catastrophe, and also benefited from the catastrophe – one of the first vertebrates: the star turtle, which evolved into the first vertebrate with jaws: the spiny fish.

The Earth entered the Silurian era.

As a result of the violent orogeny, there have been major changes in the earth's surface, with oceans decreasing, continents expanding, and the climate resuming to become mild.

As the forerunners of terrestrial higher plants, lower vascular plants began to appear and gradually occupied the land, becoming the first terrestrial plants, and their three descendants, lycopodiums, cuneiformes, and true ferns, began to develop greatly, and by the late Devonian period, many forests of these plants appeared, and for the first time since the birth of the earth, the earth of this planet was truly covered in green.

The successful landing of green plants in the real sense has turned the desert continent into an oasis, and with the development of terrestrial plants, such a virgin land suitable for survival has also ushered in the first batch of terrestrial animals.

The ocean is prosperous and developing, and all marine creatures are blooming, but the ocean space is limited, and in the cruel competition for survival, many losers are constantly expelled and excluded, and under the survival instinct, they can only retreat again and again, and finally they are forced into the water and can't stay, so they can only struggle to retreat to the land.

Like plants occupying land, these losers gradually changed their muscles through natural selection in the impact of time and time again, adapting to the living environment of the continent, thus giving birth to the first terrestrial animals, in the Silurian period, their descendants were the earliest insects and arachnid arthropods, with the help of almost infinite plants as food, they also began to develop and prosper.

In the ocean, vertebrate jawless fishes further developed, prospered in large numbers and evolved into jawed fishes, laying the foundation for the subsequent development of higher vertebrates such as fishes. Bunny Fly

On the whole earth, life continues to advance on the road of evolution, and vertebrates have an advantage in the competition for survival by virtue of the balance brought by the vertebral spine and the protection of motor nerves, and have been able to leapfrog and develop and become the rulers of this time and space.

Fish species are quite abundant, and various types of fish appear, they have evolved gills and pairs of broad-finned flippers, allowing them to live on the surface for a short period of time, and at the same time have limited ability to move on land, gradually evolving into amphibians to land on land, marking the beginning of the evolutionary process of vertebrates breaking away from water bodies and eventually conquering land.

At this time, the continent of Gondwana was formed by the later South America, Africa, India and Antarctica, and the rest of the land split into a series of islands scattered around the world.

An alien spacecraft flew in from outside the solar system, slowed down as it passed over the Earth, and released a probe, suspended in the orbit of the planet's satellite, although it was only a probe, but it was still very large, like a small moon rising and setting in the east, silently watching the ignorant creatures on the earth.

However, behind this prosperity, the mass extinction is about to repeat itself.

The earth suddenly began to shake violently, and at the same time, a large amount of hot gas erupted from the cracks in the seabed in the Siberian region, which caused the nearby sea water to begin to boil, and the heat killed a large number of living things, and the most terrifying thing is that this was only the prelude, and then more than 30 billion cubic kilometers of magma erupted.

The tumbling rocks soon destroyed all the coral reefs and other organisms in the vicinity, and the magma not only raised the temperature of the seawater, scalding thousands of creatures to death, but also polluting the seawater – the toxic substances in the magma reacted with the seawater, acidifying the seawater, and killing a large number of animals because they could not breathe and were corroded.

Pollutants in seawater diffuse into the atmosphere, most of which are the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

The increase in carbon dioxide concentrations has led to a rapid increase in global temperatures to 30 degrees Celsius, and the global heat has caused the sea to lose its temperature difference and the ocean currents to stop moving.

In the equatorial region, sea temperatures rise from 20 degrees Celsius to 32 degrees Celsius, which destroys more corals because they cannot survive the heat.

The magma continues to erupt, and due to the mass death of land plants, their dead branches and leaves are washed into the sea by the rain, becoming a good nourishment for seaweed, and the thriving of seaweed consumes a lot of oxygen, and the lack of oxygen accelerates the extinction of animals.

Water vapor in the sky reacts chemically with sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions to form acid rain.

The inundation of acid rain for tens of thousands of years has further reduced the number of plants, volcanic ash has floated in the atmosphere, refracting sunlight, the earth has no access to solar energy, and after a period of high temperatures, the temperature begins to drop rapidly.

The water drops from 32 degrees Celsius to 16 degrees Celsius, and all the eggs in the shallow sea die at once.

The Earth was plunged into a severe ice age, the Earth began its first snowfall in more than a million years, the heavy snow lasted for several years, covering all regions above 45 latitudes, and the creatures in the icy waters died in large numbers, they could not adapt to this rapid change from high to low temperatures, and the Earth fell into a dead silence again.

Yang Pingfan watched, but there was nothing he could do, the volcanic eruption was a physical force, not an energy creature like him could intervene, but what made him curious was that the huge probe, which had nothing to do with himself, continued to rotate around the earth day after day, year after year, if it wasn't for the ability to intercept the fixed frequency signal it emitted regularly, Yang Pingfan thought it had been damaged.

After millions of years, the catastrophe was finally consumed for a long time, the earth warmed up again, the surviving plants began to occupy the land surface again, occupying a large number of ecological niches vacated by extinction, plants produced a large amount of oxygen, dissipated toxic gases, the temperature and climate gradually stabilized, and the earth gradually regained its vitality due to the change of seasons.

But in the midst of this catastrophe, there was also a remarkable evolution: vertebrates that were able to walk on land for the first time appeared, and they used their advantage to become the ancestors of all quadruped vertebrates, quickly replacing arthropods as land overlords.

The Earth entered the Carboniferous period.

The climate of the Carboniferous period was warm and humid, which was conducive to the growth of plants.

With the expansion of land area, terrestrial plants extend from the coastal zone to the interior of the continent and develop unprecedentedly, forming large-scale forests and swamps.

In the forest, there are both tall trees and dense shrubs, but ferns are the most abundant.

Although ferns are low, they occupy a large number of the lower space of the forest, tightly clustered, thriving, due to the lack of herbivores and logging, coupled with the humid climate, it is difficult to produce large-scale forest fires, so the dead branches and leaves have not had time to corrode into the humus layer and organic fertilizer, they are covered by the upper layer, layer by layer, and in some places even pile up the humus layer after 2440 meters.

Due to the lack of oxygen caused by the accumulation of layers of humus, the lower humus layer avoids weathering and the destruction of bacteria and microorganisms, and slowly evolves into peat under compaction and other actions.

Year after year, peat formed by plants is preserved in the strata and becomes coal after undergoing coal-forming processes, and even accumulates into coal seams of tens of meters.