Five generations in the same house...... This may be the biggest dream that no Chinese person will keep after he is old.

In fact, if you want to talk about it, ancient people got married earlier, so there should be such an opportunity. According to the average age of 20 for men and 18 for women, as long as they can live to be over 80 years old, they will be able to see the scene of five generations in the same house. However, this is really theoretical, why? Because according to ancient medical technology, if a person wants to live past the age of 80 without illness or disaster, he basically has to rely on miracles.

Even today, medical technology is so advanced that not everyone can live past the age of eighty. Moreover, the age of modern people getting married and having children is high, under normal circumstances, if you want to see the five generations in the same house, you have to be almost 90, or even 100 years old, then the difficulty is even higher, and the difficulty of living more than 80 in ancient times is actually about the same.

After all, medical skills are really not omnipotent, the weakening of the human body itself, the gradual failure of organs, this is not something that medicine can compensate.

As for medicine, in the next hundred years, it has indeed developed rapidly, or in other words, modern medical technology, dominated by the West, has indeed developed extremely rapidly in the past few hundred years.

Modern medicine in the West generally refers to medicine that gradually emerged after the Renaissance.

In the later period of feudal society, handicrafts and commerce developed, handicraft factories appeared, and the growth of productivity also promoted the search for new markets. In 1492, Columbus discovered the New World, in 1497 da Gama discovered the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1519~1522, Magellan circled the world. Many medicines, such as opium, camphor, rosin, etc., were introduced to Europe from the East, and after the discovery of the Americas, Europe also had cinchona, guaiac, and cocoa.

As a result of the rise of capitalism, bourgeois intellectuals were first formed in Italy. They are characterized by the courage to challenge the ideas of the Church and oppose the shackles of religious superstition. Their slogan was, "I am a man, and I should know everything about man," in order to oppose the domination of theology. On the one hand, they spread a new culture, and on the other hand, they tried to study and imitate the culture of ancient Greece, so this period is called the "Renaissance". In 1543, Copernicus published The Motion of the Heavenly Bodies, which was the beginning of the Renaissance in the history of science.

During the Renaissance, there was a rise of skepticism about dogma and opposition to authority. As a result, there was also a medical revolution in the medical profession represented by Paracelsus. Medieval medical schools focused on Avicenna's Medical Codex, as well as the writings of Galen and Hippocrates. Teachers follow the script, and everything is conformist and lifeless. The frenzy of the Renaissance soon spread to the medical field. Paracelsus states that the life processes of the human body are chemical processes. While teaching at the University of Basel, he advocated writing books and giving lectures in popular German to make medicine more accessible to the general public, which was a great reform.

The main manifestations of the development of medicine in this period were, first of all, the establishment of human anatomy. In ancient times, people believed that the body was the dwelling place of the soul, and in feudal society, the autopsy of corpses was forbidden in all ethnic groups without exception, including in China.

Leonardo da Vinci of Italy was the first to revolutionize anatomy, and he believed that as a realist painter, he understood the need for anatomy, especially bones and muscles, so he engaged in human anatomy. However, of the more than 700 anatomical drawings he made, more than 150 are still in existence today. Most of the drawings are accurate and beautiful. He first had questions about Galen's anatomy. He had blown air into his trachea, but no matter how hard he tried, he did not see his heart expand, and he concluded that Galen's doctrine that the lungs were connected to the heart was wrong. He also examined the structure and shape of the heart, and his drawings of the heart were much more accurate than those of the previous ones. In addition, he discovered the activity of the valve at the root of the aorta and its properties, proving that the valve works by preventing blood from flowing back. The cardiovascular problems he mentioned soon attracted the attention of medical scientists.

The work of writing a textbook on human anatomy based on direct observations was done by A. Vesalius. Vesari studied at the University of Louvain and then transferred to the University of Paris. At that time, the two universities still taught anatomy with professors sitting in high chairs, assistants and craftsmen working offstage, and only allowed a maximum of three or four dissections in a year. Not satisfied with this situation, Vesalius went out into the field at night to steal corpses for autopsy. At that time, the University of Padua in Italy had the best anatomy classrooms in Europe. So he went there to teach. In 1543, he compiled the material accumulated from his work into a book and published it. This book is called "The Theory of Human Structure". The book points out that Gallen made more than 200 mistakes, such as the 5-lobe liver and two mandibles. He also pointed out that Galen's anatomy was based on animals such as monkeys, etc. Vesalius, although also rebuked by conservatives at the time, developed anatomy among his students.

In conclusion, in the 16th century, European medicine broke free from the shackles of ancient authority and began to develop independently, and its main achievement was the establishment of human anatomy. This both indicates the resurrection of an ancient discipline on a new level and marks the beginning of a new journey in medicine.

In the 16th century, a revolution took place in the Netherlands, giving rise to the independent bourgeois state of the Netherlands. In the 17th century, England overthrew the absolutist monarchy and established a bourgeois parliamentary system. The new bourgeoisie supported science and technology for the development of industry and commerce, and promoted tolerance, all of which had a progressive effect. During this period, thermometers and pulsometers appeared, along with the earliest studies of metabolism. The application of experiments and measurements has made life science begin to enter the scientific track, and its symbol is the discovery of blood circulation.

And with the rise of experimentation, many scientific instruments have also appeared, and the microscope appeared in the early 17th century, and the microscope has brought people to a new level of understanding. Since then, scientists have made a series of important discoveries using microscopes.

In the 18th century, European countries had entered a period of capitalist establishment. In the 18th century, the independence of the United States, the revolution in France, the bourgeoisie took power in most countries of Western Europe, and expanded its power to develop world trade.

During this period, the establishment of pathological anatomy, the invention of percussion, the rise of clinical teaching, and the great achievements of preventive medicine.

In the 19th century, bourgeois revolutions broke out in major European countries, following Britain and France. The bourgeois revolution and the industrial revolution destroyed the feudal forces, promoted social development and the transformation of production relations, and greatly increased the productive forces. This has played a role in promoting the development of natural sciences. In the 19th century, natural science and technology made great progress: in physics, there were the laws of conservation of energy and transformation, the progress of optics, and the further improvement of microscopes such as compound joint objectives, colorless lenses, oil immersion devices, etc. Due to the advancement of electricity, electric heaters and electrical treatments appeared one after another in the second half of the year.

In chemistry, there are the atomic theory, the periodic rate of elements, and the emergence of synthetic organic matter. The German F. Wühler synthesized urea in 1828, breaking the boundary between organic and inorganic.

In biology, there are cell theories, evolutionary theories, and the laws of heredity.

The main developments are as follows:

The first is the establishment of cytopathology, followed by the establishment of bacteriology, the establishment of pharmacology, and the establishment of experimental physiology. advances in diagnostics, and the invention of auscultation, among others. Many clinical diagnostic aids such as blood pressure measurement, body temperature measurement, and body endoscopy were introduced in the 19th century. With the use of new lighting devices and optical instruments, a series of optical devices were invented and used. Earlier there was ophthalmoscope, followed by laryngoscope, cystoscopy, esophagoscope, gastroscope, bronchoscope, etc., which enriched the clinical internal medicine diagnosis methods and made it possible to carry out treatment in the body cavity later.

Due to the development of chemistry, clinical medicine has greatly improved diagnostic methods by using chemical analytical tests to examine the contents of blood. Advances in microscopy have led to the gradual development of morphological diagnostics in clinical practice, which studies the tissue structure and formed components of body fluids and solid parts, as well as the structural composition of normal and abnormal excreta. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, thanks to the achievements of microbiology and immunology, doctors had a richer range of diagnostic methods.

In short, from modern medicine to modern science and technology, it is not just about studying things and phenomena, but about the change and development process of things and phenomena, and the relationship between things. From the science of "sorting out materials", it has developed into a system that is rigorously integrated.

Modern medicine has experienced the foundation of the 16th ~ 17th century, the systematic classification of the 18th century, the great development of the 19th century, and the close integration of modern science and technology in the 20th century, and the development of modern medicine.

In the twentieth century, medicine was characterized by microscopic developments, such as molecular biology, on the one hand, and macroscopic development on the other.

In terms of macro development, it can be divided into two types:

The first is the recognition of man as a whole, and the second is the study of man as a whole that closely interacts with the natural and social environment.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the most outstanding achievement in basic medicine has been the development of basic theories, which have effectively advanced clinical medicine and preventive medicine. Effective means of treating and preventing diseases only began to emerge in the 20th century.

In the twentieth century, medicine, firmly based on experimentation and unprecedented technological advances, was firmly based on experiments due to advances in the natural sciences, and later it was seen that there were great limitations in considering health and disease only from a biological point of view. In short, medicine has developed dramatically since the 20th century. At the research level, it has developed to the micro and macro levels, from the experimental methods of molecular medicine to the combination of theories and experimental methods of systems medicine. In terms of discipline system, the separation of disciplines and the cross-integration between disciplines go hand in hand.

In short, the great development of modern medicine has made the survival time of ordinary people longer.

However, it is important to be clear here that modern medicine is modern medicine, and Western medicine are completely different concepts.

Modern medicine was first promoted by the West, but since its development, the medical techniques of the East and the West have already begun to merge to a certain extent. It is like saying that the hope and hearing of Chinese medicine was originally a method of Chinese medicine, but now it is also mastered by Western medicine. The reason why people call modern medicine Western medicine is, in the final analysis, because the origin of modern medicine comes from the West. The real Western medicine should be compared with the same period of Chinese medicine, that is, the Western medicine that cuts the hands with pain, cuts the feet with pain, and chops off the head with headaches, is the real Western medicine.

There are always people who, because modern medicine was brought up by the West, are crazy about advocating Western medicine and belittling Chinese medicine.

Actually, there really isn't a need for this.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has proven to be of great value as it exists, continues to play a wide range of therapeutic roles today, and has begun to be promoted around the world.

In the final analysis, what is the difference between Chinese and Western medicine is the use of different modes of thinking to diagnose and treat diseases, and their basic theories are different and fundamentally different. The difference between Chinese and Western medicine is not only whether there is an empirical scientific concept, but also the difference between the two cultural systems. Theoretically, Chinese and Western medicine are two medical systems that cannot be unified.

Nearly a century of facts have proved that "the practical judgment of Huitong medicine is divorced from the factual understanding of Chinese and Western medicine, and the value understanding replaces the factual understanding, and the final result is determined in vain".

Although it is not yet possible for Chinese and Western medicine to be integrated into a unified medical model, it can develop independently, coexist and prosper, and integrate and complement each other. Due to the influence of modern information theory, systems theory and cybernetics, the development trend of Western medicine will undoubtedly become narrower if it simply focuses on analysis and ignores the overall structure and function. Traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to "perception", which inevitably carries many subjective factors, which is difficult to objectively quantify and qualitative. And this is precisely the place where Chinese medicine is most likely to be grabbed by people's pigtails, it is not that Chinese medicine is not strong, but that Chinese medicine does not have various theorems of systematic science.

Modern medicine pays attention to specialized treatment, but Chinese medicine is not, good Chinese medicine, the same is the same, can be regarded as an all-round doctor. Moreover, Chinese medicine relies too much on experience, it is a complete empirical medicine, without enough precipitation and accumulation, and in the same period of life, Chinese medicine is indeed unable to do Western medicine, which is a very normal situation.

In short, modern medicine is stronger, and the average life expectancy of the population has also increased, but the problem is that the age at which people get married and have children has also increased.

But grandpa obviously doesn't think so, indeed, if Zhou Fangyuan wants to get married, it is very simple, even if the general trend in society today is that women pick men, then it will also score a situation. Ordinary people are like this, but with Zhou Fangyuan's conditions, there is no problem for men to pick women, to put it bluntly, if he wants to marry nationwide, he will guarantee that there will be as many teachers as those who sign up. Among them, Yang Mingjue is a good child recognized by everyone in the family, both in appearance and character, so grandpa obviously set his sights on Yang Mingjue.

However, Zhou Fangyuan was not false, he and Yang Mingjue did have a relationship, but it was in the courtyard of the capital, and no one else was on the scene except the two of them at that time, and no one else knew what they did. Will Yang Mingjue say it himself? The possibility is too small, so grandpa's side, at most, is just a shout.

So Zhou Fangyuan's complexion remained unchanged.

"I'm nothing with Sister Mingjue, okay, grandpa, I'll just worry about my own affairs, you, it's better to pay more attention to your own health, it's okay to go out and play more, don't nest in this small place in Beitong all day, or, how about going to Europe to see the vineyard?"

He didn't want to pick up his grandfather's words, so he could only hook up to the side.