Semiconductors are materials relative to the word conductor, and in general public situations, semiconductors and integrated circuits refer to the same thing.

In 1883, Edison (not Tesla :)) experimentally concluded that "there is an electric current flowing through the vacuum gap between the filament and the sheet of metal, and the current has the property of unidirectional flow." He called this the "Edison effect"

1889 The Edison effect was further explained by the Englishman Thomson, and two years later, Thomson proved the existence of electrons through the Edison effect.

In 1904, Fleming, an Englishman, invented the vacuum diode through the Edison effect.

Two years later, the Americans invented the vacuum triode.

In 1912, AT&T and General Electric developed a high-vacuum tube based on Deforest's transistor.

This was followed by regenerative radio (1912), radio broadcasting (1920) and superheterodyne radio (1920), as well as long-range radio communications, wireless telephones, radios, radio, radar, inertial navigation, television, sound films, high-frequency heating furnaces, and computer consumer electronics.

In 1946, the first computer came out at the University of Pennsylvania, and the shortcomings of the electron tube were exposed, so under the guidance of the American Shaw Colli, Bardeen and Bratton successfully manufactured the first transistor, which was made of silicon and germanium semiconductors.

Historically, Xiao Keli was a genius, but he was not a thing, and his eight subordinates did not like him very well, so they resigned one after another, found Fairchild Company, which operated photographic equipment, and founded Fairchild Semiconductor.

The fact that eight genius fairchildren came together to create a company is unique in the entire history of human science

In 1962, during the development of Fairchild's No. 142 project "Plane Control Equipment", the two Fairchild first proposed: complementary metal-oxide semiconductor referred to as "CMOS" technology, and determined the characteristics of CMOS at the solid-state circuit conference - "low static power density, high power density of working power supply, can form a high-density field-effect vacuum triode Logitech circuit." ”

Today, most of the world's integrated circuits are developed based on CMOS processes.

While Shawkli developed the transistor, the Fairchildren kept the oxide plane on top of the silicon and realized the mass production of the transistor: as long as the thin metal wire was placed on the oxide, the component and the wire were combined, and all the internal links of the transistor could be realized in production again. This is the prototype of integrated circuits.

Moore is one of the eight fairchildren, also one of the founders of Intel Corporation, in 1975 in electronics, he threw Moore's law, which has been widely recognized by the industry and has become the first law driving the development of the information technology industry. Microprocessor performance, memory capacity, sensors and even camera pixels are all evolving along the path of Moore's Law.

The anti-Moore's Law mentioned above refers to any company whose technological development cannot keep up with the requirements of Moore's Law will be eliminated, and large enterprises are no exception. Therefore, in addition to maintaining a high level of R&D investment, large enterprises also need to pay close attention to the development of emerging technologies, and often merge and acquire small and medium-sized enterprises that may bring revolutionary new technologies, which has led to the rise of venture capital mechanisms.

In the flower family, Hua Wei and Ali's father are typical representatives, Hua Wei will not talk about it, Ali's investment in the unicorn enterprise Cambrian is very interesting, the two founders are in the juvenile science class, and the research is a neuronal intelligent chip that simulates the human brain.

Moore's prediction in the Journal of Electronics (1975) is now coming true: integrated circuits will bring a series of wonders – home computers (or terminals linked to a central computer), automatic control systems for automobiles, and portable communication devices.

Putting aside the national factor, I should be grateful to these foreign geniuses, it is with them that I can watch Douyin today and brush up on the competitive sports of the island country, which is good!

Nowadays, people are familiar with the words integrated circuits, semiconductors, and chips, from a conceptual point of view, semiconductors are materials that guide electrical properties between conductors and insulators, integrated circuits are large-scale circuit collections made of semiconductor materials, and chips are products formed by integrated circuits.

Today, the use of chips has become ubiquitous and profoundly changes our lives.