A book friend called my uncle, saying that even if he returned to the time of Zhao Song, he was only four years old, how could he copy it......

That's a problem.

In fact, I can see where my problem lies, I don't have a level and pretend to be high, I talk about feelings everywhere, and I can't get off the shelf in the end.

This is a disease, and it must be cured!

But since the style is already like this, let's continue it.

When I was writing the book, I was slammed into the popularity of ZTE, and as a result, it was written, and the flower incident came out, and I couldn't cry or laugh.

But now that it's out, let me keep rubbing.

Speaking of flowers, let's get back to the last chapter: Qualcomm!

Enterprises can use intellectual property rights to create competitive advantages in market competition, and abuse of intellectual property rights will also encounter legal sanctions, and this positive and negative "typical" can be integrated by Qualcomm in the United States, which is not a "strange story". Following the antitrust investigations by the European Union and South Korea, Qualcomm has recently faced antitrust investigations in China, and the reasons for these investigations are the same, that is, high patent licensing fees. For a while, Qualcomm once again became the focus of attention in the industry.

"Patents are competitiveness!" is a phrase that is vividly embodied in Qualcomm. Among the enterprises in the global communications field, the market value of Qualcomm once reached a record high of 104.960 billion US dollars in 2013, surpassing the 103.501 billion US dollars of Intel Corporation, which has been leading, and standing first in the world.

"First-rate enterprises sell patents, second-rate enterprises make products, and third-rate enterprises sell coolies. This is a saying that has been widely circulated in the industry: it emphasizes the importance of patents. At Qualcomm's headquarters, there are several "patent walls". Qualcomm hangs every patent certificate it owns on the wall. In the words of Qualcomm leaders, every patent on the "patent wall" is Qualcomm's core asset and source of profit.

Currently, more than 6,000 patents have been hung on the wall, and as can be seen in a note posted on the wall, thousands of patent applications are still pending.

In the 3G era, as the originator of CDMA technology, Qualcomm has almost monopolized the use of all technology patents related to CDMA. Any company that needs to use a patent for CDMA technology will have to pay Qualcomm a significant amount of royalties for patent licenses. At present, Qualcomm occupies 90% of the global CDMA chip market, with more than 3,000 CDMA and related technology patents, and its CDMA core patents reach 600, and Qualcomm has controlled 25% of the core patents of 3G technology WCDMA, and is still one of the leading giants in the industry.

If you don't understand the significance of Qualcomm in the 3G era, you can take a look at the names of the three major (and once four) standards of 3G: CDMA2000, WCDMA, and, China's TD-SCDMA.

All use code division multiple access technology!

Zhao Song's era was 2001, that is, in that year, Qualcomm entered China, operated by China Telecom, which only has solidified business, but anyone who has experienced that time can probably know how expensive a CDMA mobile phone is, because, Qualcomm's bastard thing charges patent fees on every mobile phone!

Thanks to the foresight of our country's top leaders, in 2000, we joined the debate over communication standards and made a breakthrough across the century!

Based on Qualcomm's rogue nature, it is basically on the opposite side of the whole world, even in the United States!

Therefore, since the beginning of 4G, the world has begun to develop standards for de-CDMA.

Speaking of which, I have to introduce another name, that is, the organization that sets communication standards: 3GPP.

An organization was created in order to define a complete end-to-end system specification to ensure compliance with industry requirements, seamless interoperability between vendors, and the need to provide the necessary global scale for mobile, as well as to enable a smooth transition from 2G to 3G networks.

If global wireless communication is compared to a village, then this organization is definitely the village head of this village, it allows you to "plough what land" you have to plow, it makes your "crops" grow how tall your crops must grow so high, otherwise sorry, you do not belong to the standard of this generation of communication technology, this organization is 3GPP.

When 3GPP was established, all countries were discussing who was the "boss" who was suitable, and the boss was cool, and had the right to speak, but the innovation of each generation of mobile communication technology was not something that a single company could complete, it had to be designed to the construction of base stations, chip manufacturing that matched the manufacturing process, technology research and development, what frequencies to use, how many bands to use, and so on.

After all, it is related to the issue of wireless Internet access for global users, and finally discussed, several operators in various countries around the world who have an important position or role in the field of communications, to be members of 3GPP, have invited seven bigwigs, they are:

Japan Wireless Industry and Commerce Association (ARIB), China Communications Standards Association (CCSA), American Telecommunications Industry Solutions Alliance (ATIS), Japan Telecommunications Technical Commission (TTC), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Indian Telecommunications Standards Development Institute (TSDSI), Korea Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA).

With the drive of 3GPP, the W-CDMA technology and TD-CDMA technology of the third generation of mobile communication technology (3G) have been popularized.

3GPP is to realize the evolution of G** created by Europeans, and the CDMA created by the American actress can be resigned?

The next year, in 1999, North American companies and chip giant Qualcomm and others founded 3GPP2, which has a certain competitive relationship with 3GPP, but later Qualcomm gave up the CDMA to 4G evolution route, and 3GPP2 was gradually marginalized, but 3GPP gradually grew.

When it comes to LTE (Long Term Evolution), that is, 4G, major operators have developed TD-LTE and FDD-LTE two processes, "village chief" 3GPP came out, saying that your process does not meet my standards, LTE is only 3.9G, you don't call it 4G, which makes the operator very embarrassed, and finally rounded up, 3.9G is called 4G!

It has been called by 4G, but it has not been recognized by 3GPP, and the domestic 4G network is only the 3.9G standard of 3GPP.

Later, operators had no choice but to launch an upgraded version of LTE Advanced in accordance with the 3GPP standard for 4G, which met the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union for 4G, and it was not until later that LTE-A was called 4G.

Book friends can see here: in the 4G era, the word CDMA has completely disappeared, and the de-CDMA action has made breakthroughs, but please don't ignore Qualcomm, because, that's Qualcomm!

Qualcomm, the world's first, with tens of billions of dollars in R&D expenses every year!

Since its inception in 1998, 3GPP has been expanding and member-driven, involving a lot of work and collaboration from hundreds of companies, including network operators, terminal manufacturers, chip manufacturers, infrastructure manufacturers, academia, research institutions, and government agencies, with more than 6,000 participants in 2017.

Good guys, awesome.

For the future fifth-generation communication technology (commonly known as 5G), 3GPP has taken precautions in advance and told the companies related to wireless networks, saying that you must formulate 5G according to my requirements, otherwise I still won't admit it.

The companies below said in unison, "What are you asking for?"

3GPP says that 5G must increase speed and reduce latency, and stipulates that the 5G network user experience transmission rate must meet at least 100Mbps (12.5M/s) download speed, 50Mbps (6.25M/s) upload speed, network delay time must not exceed 4 milliseconds, and a stable network connection can be maintained on high-speed trains with a speed of 500 kilometers per hour.

The companies below have agreed and promised that it must be implemented in place.

The fourth-generation mobile communication technology, not obedient! Do not admit the standard and come out, the gas of 3GPP is not light, close to the 5G era to rectify and rectify you, 3GPP also requires, the 5G wireless network era can not only involve data services and voice services, to expand the mobile ecosystem, popularize wireless backhaul, ULL, drones and other key services, digital TV broadcasting, car services, M2M/loT services and so on.

Three scenarios are defined: eMBB, mMTC, and URLLC.

In the most critical scenario, eMBB's standard voting, the fantasy voting event has attracted the attention of the whole country in the battle for 5G standards!

Fantasy is notorious, flowers are famous all over the world, and ZTE bears silently!

Who's right and who's wrong?

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