Ouyang Feng said with a smile: "This blue and white porcelain is popular in the far point, and it is the peak in the Ming Dynasty, let's talk about the composition of this Yuan blue and white first! Because in my opinion, it is the richness of the blue and white composition of the Yuan Dynasty that makes the blue and white porcelain finally gradually move towards glory!"

Xiao Zhang also nodded.

For myself, if I want to learn this blue and white porcelain, this composition is very crucial.

Because this is a pattern of different colors painted in the middle of the tire and the glaze, it is completely different from the pattern engraved on the clay tire when I fired Ru porcelain before. Even the color glaze smudge composition of Tang Sancai is completely different! This is a kind of composition that is extremely fine, as if the ink painting is perfectly printed on blue and white porcelain!

Ouyang Feng continued: "The biggest feature of this Yuan blue and white ornament is that the composition is plump, the layers are many but not chaotic, the brushwork is more common with a stroke, smooth and powerful, and the outline rendering is thick and calm, the theme of the ornament has characters, animals, plants, poems, etc., the characters have Gao Shitu, historical figures, etc., animals have dragons and phoenixes, unicorns, mandarin ducks, swimming fish, etc., common plants have peonies, lotus, orchids, pine, bamboo and plum, Ganoderma lucidum, flowers and leaves, melons and fruits, etc., the petals of the painted peony are mostly left with white edges, and the dragon pattern is a small head, a thin neck, a long body, three or four claws, The ridges and scales on the back are mostly grid-shaped, vigorous and fierce. Auxiliary ornaments are mostly curly grass, lotus petals, ancient money, sea water, back lines, clouds, banana leaves, etc., the lotus petal pattern is shaped like curly braces, the lotus petals are often painted Taoist miscellaneous treasures, and the ruyi cloud pattern is often painted with sea eight monsters or folded branch lotus, entwined branch flowers, painted third-order clouds, the banana leaf stalk is solid, and the sea pattern is a combination of thick lines and thin lines, and the above is basically the approximate type and classification of the composition!"

Xiao Zhang nodded.

The composition of this blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is more detailed than the tire shape of Ru porcelain!

Moreover, in the various shapes of Ru porcelain, they are matched with these different compositions, and it is almost certain that these different blue and white porcelain perfectly support this era!

"Old man Ouyang, what is the difference between this blue and white of the Yuan Dynasty and the blue and white of the Ming Dynasty?" Xiao Zhang asked very tricky.

Because this blue and white porcelain is not like Ru porcelain.

Ru porcelain has only a short history of 20 years in the Song Dynasty!

Therefore, there are very few artifacts left.

But this blue and white porcelain is different.

This blue and white porcelain ran through almost all the periods of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

Each dynasty has its own different blue and white porcelain, different styles, different tire types, different compositions, and so on, so that each dynasty's blue and white porcelain has a different unique style.

Xiao Zhang is now only an entry-level blue and white porcelain firing technique.

In the face of different blue and white porcelain, Xiao Zhang needs to make up for it well, and he can also learn more about blue and white porcelain.

And among the blue and white porcelain of these dynasties, the two dynasties of the Yuan and Ming dynasties are the most peak!

That's why Xiao Zhang asked the question of the difference between blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty and blue and white porcelain in the Ming Dynasty.

And this kind of question, Ouyang Feng is precisely the best interpreter.

Learning is endless.

Xiao Zhang is willing to learn, and this Ouyang Feng is naturally willing to share.

Ouyang Feng said with a smile: "The two dynasties of the Ming and Qing dynasties can be said to be the period when the blue and white porcelain reached its peak and went into decline, the Ming Yongle and Xuande periods are a peak in the development of blue and white porcelain, known for its exquisite production, the Qing Dynasty Kangxi made the blue and white porcelain develop to the peak with colorful blue and white porcelain, after the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain gradually declined due to the development of pastel porcelain, although it was once prosperous at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and finally could not continue the prosperity of the Kangxi Dynasty, so in general, the official kiln ware of this period was rigorous and exquisite, and the folk kiln ware was casual, From the late Ming Dynasty, blue and white painting gradually absorbed some elements of Chinese painting techniques. ”

After a pause, Ouyang Feng continued: "Of course, if you say it carefully, the blue and white porcelain of the early Ming Dynasty is very interesting, the blue and white ware of the early Ming Dynasty has large and small plates, bowls, plum bottles, jade pots, spring bottles, etc., the green materials used are mainly domestic materials, and it is not excluded that there are a small number of imported materials, the blue and white hair color is light blue, some are gray, the former has a part of the halo phenomenon, the ornamental layout still has the legacy of the multi-layer decoration of the Yuan Dynasty, and the theme has not changed much, but many details have changed,"

Speaking of this, Ouyang Feng raised his hand and took down a piece of blue and white porcelain on a wooden shelf behind him, and then pointed to the blue and white pattern on it and said: "For example, the middle stem of this banana leaf is blank, and the white edge of the petals is more obvious and clear than that of the Yuan Dynasty. ”

Ouyang Feng picked up another piece of blue and white porcelain, and the composition on this blue and white porcelain was a dragon pattern.

Look at the dragon pattern of this piece, the dragon pattern is still slender, but in addition to three or four claws, five claws have appeared, the claws are shaped like wind wheels, the momentum is not as fierce and vigorous as the Yuan Dragon, the Ruyi cloud head of the auxiliary ornament is changed from the third-order cloud of the Yuan Dynasty to the second-order cloud, and the lotus petal pattern is painted with the eight treasures of Buddhism, and the Yuan Dynasty is painted with Taoist miscellaneous treasures. Ouyang Feng said with a smile.

After finishing speaking, he gave two pieces of blue and white porcelain to Xiao Zhang, and asked Xiao Zhang to combine the patterns to watch.

"For example, bowls and small plates are painted with cloud patterns, only painted on the upper part of the outer wall of the utensils, and the bottom of the utensils is mostly flat-cut, and the sand bottom is glazed and the kiln is red. Of course, during the Yongle Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain showed a high level of craftsmanship, and the green materials used in this period were mainly based on Su Ma Liqing, this Su Ma Liqing knows, right?"

Xiao Zhang nodded and said: "Su Ma Liqing still knows, Su Ma Liqing is a low-manganese high-iron iron cobalt material, the blue and white color is thick and verdant, and the color is stable, because Su Ma Liqing has high iron content and low manganese content, and it shows a sapphire-like bright color under the appropriate fire firing, and there will also be silver-black ferric oxide crystal spots, that is, "rust marks", and it is said that this Su Ma Liqing is also the raw material of arsenic. ”

After Xiao Zhang finished speaking, Ouyang Feng nodded and said: "Yes, Su Ma Liqing, this kind of cobalt ore, first came from the Samara region of Iraq, of course, my country has been used to extract arsenic for a long time, and the rust marks you mentioned just now are also very reasonable." ”

After a pause, Ouyang Feng continued: "There are also some domestic green materials, such as this stone green, Hui Qing, etc.!, but even if it is a domestic material, the hair color is also quite good, and the types of utensils include plates, bowls, pots, pots, cups, etc., especially some monk hat pots, ribbon flat pots, flower watering and other non-Han cultural utensils, reflecting the cultural exchanges and integration with foreign regions and foreign tribes during this period. Swimming fish, etc., the fetal quality is more delicate and dense than before, the glaze is fat, and the orange peel pattern is more common, compared with the utensils of the two dynasties, the shape of Yongle is lighter and thinner, and the beauty is beautiful, the blue and white hair color is more intense, the rust marks are heavier, the decoration is more sparse, the depiction is more delicate, the bottom glaze is whiter, and the utensils are more than the paragraph, only see the four-character seal book of the Yongle year, the body of the Xuande ware is thicker, the decoration is tighter, the bottom glaze is slightly blue, and there are more models with paragraphs, there are four or six characters of the year, and there is a whole body of Xuande cloth. Generally speaking, Xuande blue and white has a large number, many varieties and wide influence, so there is a blue and white first recommendation of Xuande. ”