The route from Kazakhstan to Ukraine that Hu Wenhai said was not made out of nowhere.

The Trans-Siberian Railway, built by Russia, is known as the Eurasian Land Bridge. As the main railway route connecting Europe and Asia, it is in actually very poor condition.

The Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the long Siberian ice field, which has a harsh natural climate. The extremely cold weather in winter and the wetland swamps in summer are extremely heavy burdens on the maintenance of railway lines.

Long lines, high latitudes, harsh climate, coupled with a series of problems such as low level of infrastructure, poor railway technical conditions, lack of workers, and economic downturn, the volume of this railway line is actually unable to shoulder the needs of Asia-Europe exchanges and transportation.

However, the exchange between the two continents of Asia and Europe is urgent and rigid, and although sea transportation is cheap, it also has shortcomings that it cannot overcome, and railway is a demand that cannot be ignored in any case.

In the past, the construction of the second Eurasian land bridge could not be carried out because of the limited attitude of the Soviet side.

However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, this "second Eurasian land bridge" connecting Asia and Europe from Kazakhstan was put on the agenda.

The new Eurasian land bridge is unique in that all of its routes are protected from the alpine environment. The working conditions are excellent, the maintenance costs are lower, and the cost of laying them is not comparable to that of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

Secondly, its distance is shorter, two or three thousand kilometers less than the Trans-Siberian Railway. There are also a number of freeze-free ports along the way, which are located in a relatively prosperous region – compared to Siberia, so the throughput is huge, making it suitable for land-sea combined transport.

Under normal circumstances, the second Eurasian land bridge can save one-quarter to one-fifth of the freight compared with sea transportation, and the time can be saved by more than a month. These advantages alone have a huge appeal to China, which is eager to enter the European market.

In fact, it was indeed the first time after the collapse of the Soviet Union that China began to promote the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge. Coordinated links between Kazakhstan and Russia, starting in 1992, to open up this continental artery.

However, Hu Wenhai's plan is slightly different from this route, and the second Eurasian land bridge was originally planned to pass through Moscow and reach the European part with the help of Kazakhstan's two north-south arterial sections.

However, after some tossing and turning by Mr. Hu, it is conceivable that the situation in Russia may be ...... in the future Very bad. The loss of control of the Far East, and the fact that Shenin and the CPSU have not completely cooled down, must have caused a terrible burden on the Russian economy. On the other hand, it is impossible for China, to be precise, Hu Wenhai to leave the Far East alone, so it is very difficult to say what Russia's attitude will be......

It is also difficult to say whether Ukraine will be in trouble because of Crimea and Russia in the future. Although judging from the current situation in Russia, it is really hard to say whether there will be a little father to save Russia after Yeltsin. If no one dares to move the oligarchs in Russia, then it is too convenient for some people to get their hands on it!

Since this railway line is used by President Hu to control Ukraine, it is absolutely impossible to accept that Russia's presence is too strong. It is unacceptable to go from Moscow, and the best scenario is to go out from Kazakhstan's closest position to Ukraine. That is, to take the Caucasus, pass through Volgograd, and connect Ukraine with the shortest route in Russia.

But the problem is that the railway lines left by the USSR in Kazakhstan are two longitudinal railways running in a north-south direction. But to connect Alashankou and Kyiv, it takes a railway line of more than 4,000 kilometers......

Even if a part of Kazakhstan's existing lines can be used, the entire new and renovated routes are likely to reach 2,500 kilometers.

Counting only the three railways from Akduka to Areshi, from Achtagash to Marat, and from Atraj to Volgograd, these three railways can be regarded as early plans, and the routes that need to be built are about 1,500 kilometers. But the problem is that the Soviet railways inherited by Kazakhstan are broad-gauge standards, while the Chinese railways are standard gauges. If you don't want to transship, you have to consider renovating the existing lines of Kazakhstan's railways.

In the future, if the stroke is shortened and the bend is straightened, you can directly reach Engba from Karagan, which is probably equivalent to rebuilding a Longhai line......

This investment is so great that it has not been able to get it done with China's national strength in the 21st century.

Moreover, the construction of the new Eurasian land bridge involves many international diplomatic issues in addition to economic issues. Kazakhstan and Russia, Russia and Ukraine, the situation on this middle line is actually quite good. The New Southern Route plan is to go through the country of the unspeakable nature of one vote, either frequent wars or the people of the land are impoverished and explode at every turn, and there are many and chaotic countries involved, and the difficulty of overall planning has simply increased geometrically.

Of course, Kazakhstan is also a country with a large number of believers, but because the Soviets have been there, the advanced level is simply not comparable with that of the Middle East.

The investment in the middle line of this new Eurasian land bridge alone is less than 20 to 30 billion yuan, because it is an international project, and it may not be able to stop it. What's more, it is not an easy thing to win over Kazakhstan, and it is obviously beyond the scope of Hu Wenhai's ability.

Secretary Huang knew that he had no part to say about this plan, and Hu Wenhai's request was to raise his hand at the elders' meeting. In that case, then his job is simple, just bring the words to it.

Secretary Huang came and went in a hurry, and after discussing with Hu Wenhai, he left non-stop. Pan Jingfu then took Hu Wenhai to look up and down the 1000 ships, and by the way, he also seized the opportunity to put forward a bunch of requirements.

Pan Jingfu, who later retired and stepped down, described her "mental journey" in an internal speech.

"At that time, we were testing 1,000 ships, and the conditions should be said to be good. China Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd. allocates at least one billion yuan every year, but in fact, the money is enough to spend. However, everyone knows that the money for testing 1,000 ships was allocated from the income of Xinke Hu, and the results obtained were dual-use, and the civilian patent rights belonged to Xinke. ”

"I still remember that just after the National Day in 1991, the news of the collapse of the Soviet Union made people uneasy. However, Hu Wenhai happened to be in Dagang at that time, so we invited him to visit the 1000 ship. At that time, the trial 1,000 ships stopped at the Dagang Naval Academy, and our naval officers and men were also exploring how to use this thing step by step. ”

"At that time, the situation of testing 1000 ships was more complicated, and a lot of new technologies were applied. This includes computer technology, gas turbine power, electronics, electricity, and information management, and other things that we have not been exposed to before. At that time, there was basically no accumulation of these things in the navy, and the leaders took this situation into account and decided to put the test 1000 ship in the Dagang Naval Academy. ”

"On the one hand, the faculty of the Naval Academy is relatively strong, and you can study and learn at the same time. We learned, and then used the platforms and equipment of the Naval Academy to teach our officers and men. On the other hand, if we have too specialized technical knowledge, we can only hire professionals from the society. This includes Dagang Maritime College, which later became Maritime University, as well as Dagang University of Technology and Northeastern University's Software College built in Dagang at that time, which are all sources of our teachers. ”

"When this investor comes, generally speaking, he must look at the place where the results are made. As for me, I took Hu Wenhai into the cabin of the ship, and went all the way to the engine room of the 1000 ship we tried it. If we turn on all five SMIA gas turbines, the temperature in the cabin will not be able to keep people in place. ”

"At this time, we told Mr. Hu that the displacement of 1,000 ships is 7,000 tons, of which 1,000 tons can be reduced. But you look at here, five SMIA gas turbines, it can't be reduced because it doesn't have enough power! One SMIA gas turbine, 17,000 horsepower. The test 1000 ships required 77,000 horsepower, so five SMIA gas turbines had to be put on board. However, in wartime, the working conditions under full power operation are too harsh, which seriously affects the combat capability!"

"This gas turbine is the heart of a battleship, and without it there is no power. At that time, the SMIA gas turbine was the only gas turbine we could guarantee supply. In the early years, the LM2500 model could be imported from the United States, but everyone knows what happened later, and there is no way to do it. When I came to Hu Wenhai, I put the gas turbine thing on the table, hoping to get a more advanced gas turbine. ”

Hu Wenhai asked, what solution do you have? I said, the solution is to replace the SMIC gas turbine, preferably the SMICR model with intercooled and reheating. Hu Wenhai didn't speak, at that time, the Heavy Industrial Power Group also fought for SMIC's technical authorization, but the British didn't care about us at all, let alone SMICR. ”

"However, Hu Wenhai later asked again, how much effect can you have if you try to change the 1000 ship to SMICR? I stretched out two fingers, two sets of SMICR plus two sets of MTU diesel engines, diesel-fired hybrid, can meet the needs of the test 1000 ship. Five sets will be changed to two sets, and China's warships will catch up with the world's advanced level. ”

At that time, Hu Wenhai made a promise, five sets into two sets of this deal is cost-effective! You wait, the British are not honest, I will kick their ass! Sure enough, it didn't take long for the British to honestly send us two sets of finished products of SMICR, and we had to take the authorization of production technology. ”

"From this, we have drawn a very important lesson: the more the main leader comes, we must show him the worst part. Look at those places where the working conditions are poor and the degree of automation is low, so that the sense of responsibility of the leader arises spontaneously, and it solves many problems for us. ”

"Successes!"