"The northern part of the North Sea is covered with ice, and through the canals of England forms a great lake, so that the source of the Rhine turns through the canals of England, and during the ice age, the mouth of the Seine is off the coast of Brest, so that the Thames and the Seine are tributaries of the Seine, and when the sea level returns to its original height about the same level during the interglacial period, the Rhine forms a delta in what is now the Netherlands. ”

Qu Lihua listened very carefully, she still lacked knowledge of foreign geography, some of the things introduced by Robin, she learned some in geography class when she was in school, but listening to Robin's introduction, it was still very unfamiliar.

"Do you think I'm a bit boring to introduce this geography knowledge, and it's not entertaining and gossipy?" asked Robin.

Qu Lihua nodded, "There is a little, but I think these geographical knowledge is very good, I believe that many domestic audiences are like me, they can only be interested in food, clothes, cosmetics in daily life, as well as training that can improve the competitiveness of the workplace, practical interpersonal communication, and don't care too much about things on the other side of the ocean, after all, for ordinary people, it is too far away!"

Meng Wenjie smiled, "Yes, many people think like this, but our pattern is bigger, the world is very big, there are so many countries along the 'Belt and Road', our domestic audience still doesn't know much about them, we come to the 'Belt and Road' countries to investigate, ask the cameraman to record the customs of these countries with the lens, some history and culture, it is still very attractive." ”

"Yes, let's continue to introduce, each episode of the program has different attractions, attractions will also introduce some geographical knowledge, humanities, and some compassionate feelings, but also to understand the history and itinerary of some famous attractions, this process is still very interesting, I take you to Germany is a very representative scenic spots. ”

"These attractions are must-see places for tourists, with super high popularity, the opportunity is rare, I will continue to introduce it to you, take this opportunity to learn more about the geography of the Rhine!"

"The Rhine flowed westward, through the Netherlands, southwest through the English Canal, and finally into the Atlantic, where the British and Israel Canal and most of the North Sea became land, mainly because the sea level was about 120 meters lower than it is today. ”

"Oh, so that's the case!" Qu Lihua nodded, she felt that Robin was still quite good, he had a wide range of knowledge and experience, he could answer anything he asked him with a smile, he was very knowledgeable, Dean Zhang's students, all of them were outstanding, and it was really effortless to follow Robin to visit.

"During the last ice age, most of the source of the Rhine was not located beneath the ice, although its source was undoubtedly glacial water, and the flora and fauna of the glacial permafrost stretched from Asia across central Europe to the Atlantic. ”

"At the height of the last ice age, when ice sheds covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps, the permafrost was naturally distributed in this area, and loess, or wind-blown dust, crossed the permafrost and deposited in and around the Rhine Valley, making the soil suitable for farming. ”

"Oh, it's a good thing to be suitable for farming, and the profession can also develop agriculture, and the surrounding farmers also have jobs to do, for them they can rely on farming, produce food, can support themselves and their families, and there is surplus to go to the farmers' market to sell and increase their income. ”

"Yes!" Robin nodded, "the weather is slowly starting to warm, it's going to take a process, the global temperature is getting higher and higher, global warming, this is what has been in the headlines a lot in the past few years, everyone knows, the frozen subsoil and the glaciers that extend from the Alps are starting to melt, and the snow in the winter is also melting in the spring. ”

"Most of it goes into the vicinity of the Rhine, and as a result the downstream channel grows, and the rapid warming and vegetation turns into open forests. ”

"As the global ice cover shrinks and the water level of the oceans rises, the English Channel and the North Sea are once again flooded, and the water from the melting snow flows into the sea, and the sediments on land are submerged to become the coastline of Europe. ”

"The tidal conditions and currents were quite similar to those of today, and the frequency of sea level rise has decreased, mainly due to the sedimentation of the Rhine and the continued uplift of the coast. ”

"As the Rhine enters the valley left over from the Ice Age, the absolute sea level rise and geotectonic subsidence of the contemporaneous period have a strong impact on the delta as sea levels continue to rise in the Netherlands. ”

"The Vaal and Lower Rhine flow into the North Sea through the mouth of the former Meuse near Rotterdam, and the Rhine's tributary, the IJssel, flows north into IJsselmeer, and the Rhine's volume is divided into three parts, the Vaar, the Nizhny Rhinelek, and the IJsseler. ”

Meng Wenjie asked: "Robin, I read a lot of geography books and divide the Rhine into the pre-Rhine and the post-Rhine, what is going on? Can you tell us about it?"

Yes, it makes sense to say that the Rhine originates in the Swiss Alps and has two headwaters, the Pre-Rhine and the Post-Rhine, the Pre-Rhine originating at Lake Toma and then flowing eastward through Disentis to Reichenau above Chur to meet the Post-Rhine from the south. ”

"Below Chur, the Rhine leaves the Alps and forms for the first time the boundary river between Switzerland and the Duchy of Liechtenstein, and then flows into Lake Constance, forming a delta due to the gentle water. ”

"Exiting the lake, the Rhine flows through its narrow passage of Wintersey, from where it bends towards Basel, where it is the boundary between Switzerland and Germany. ”

"Between the Alpine frontier and the Black Forest, the Rhine flows rapidly, and the waterways, which used to be blocked by rapids, have now been built with several weirs, and below Basel, the Rhine bends north and the valley widens, with a wide and flat valley floor, flanked by the ancient mountains of the Foge Mountains and the heights of the Black Forest, the Halt Mountains and the Odenling. ”

"The main tributary that flows from Alsace is the Ille, which empties into the Rhine in Strasbourg. ”

"The middle part of the Inn is one of the most spectacular and folklore, with the Rhine flowing through the steep, slate-covered slopes of the Hunsrück Mountains to the west and the Taunus Mountains to the east, creating a deep and winding gorge. ”

"As far as Koblenz, the slopes on both sides of the river are covered with vineyards, and in Koblenz there are the Moselle and Lan rivers where they meet the Rhine. "Further down the banks there are hills in the distance, the foothills of the volcanic Eifel plateau to the west, the foothills of the Westerling Mountains to the east, and the basalt Severn Heights protruding from the river to the west. ”

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