This war, the first of its kind, was built on a completely unequal strength.

To what extent is it asymmetrical?

Even Britain did not expect that a large country with thousands of years of civilization, Britain swallowed humiliation to seek trade cooperation, was repeatedly closed to the merchant house, detained ambassadors, and several commercial representatives were trapped to death by the Qing court.

The British transferred only 4000 navies from India.

In 9 minutes, Zhoushan was occupied.

All the soldiers and officers abandoned their positions at the first time, and hundreds of thousands of people in the whole city of Dinghai fled.

All that remained was the embers of the city.

The war was investigated, and the British were sure that it could be won, but they never imagined that it would be won so easily.

The warships and batteries of the Qing army were like papier-mâché.

From Guangzhou, Xiamen, all the way to Zhoushan, Zhejiang, as if in a no-man's land.

The British naval fleet occupied Zhoushan without a single casualty, which was also the first time that Britain occupied Chinese territory.

It was occupied for 7 months, and then forced to withdraw from Zhoushan.

Why? Because of the plague.

The devastation caused by the war caused the plague, malaria and dysentery were rampant on the island, and more than 5,000 of the 6,000 British troops were hospitalized, more than 1,000 died, and a large number were incapacitated.

Then the luck was too bad, and I encountered a once-in-a-century typhoon in the South China Sea.

A typhoon blew for five days, more than a dozen ships were seriously damaged, and the first of Admiral Yoshiro's warship, the Luisa, was directly overturned by the typhoon and sank to the bottom of the sea.

had to withdraw from Zhoushan.

Returning to Guangzhou, he temporarily arranged for the fleet and soldiers to be repaired on Hong Kong Island.

At that time, the Daoguang Emperor said: "I am not only looking at it, but also deeply gratifying, but also terrified, the evil is full of evil, wanton poison, many injustices, and even the heavens are punished, all of which are in the desert, the gods are silently blessed, the aftermath is wandering, appeasement of the sea frontier, and it is advisable to pious braided incense to extend sincerity and respect." ”

This means that I can't win, but you barbarian is full of evil, hehe, you have been cleaned up by God, this is the blessing of the gods, God still favors our Heavenly Empire, we must thank God.

And Emperor Daoguang is also very sincere this time.

actually sent 20 burns of Tibetan incense to the commander of the Qing army at that time, Aixin Jueluo Yishan, and asked Yishan and other temples to thank him.

In addition, Prince Hui, Prince Rui, King Ruijun, King Chengjun and other princes were sent to the ancestral temple on auspicious days to worship.

The British army retreated, the warships were damaged, the soldiers lost their combat effectiveness, and the excellent time to counterattack, as long as one dozen, the British would be doomed, Emperor Daoguang did not organize a counterattack.

but went to heaven.

Organize the whole country to worship the heavens together.

But before the day was over, the Qing court was surprised to find that Yilu dragged the remnants of the defeated brigade, and originally fled back to Hong Kong to repair in embarrassment.

It is equivalent to firing two demonstration guns.

As a result, the two artillery shots went down, and Aixin Jueluo Yishan was frightened, and he actually proposed to surrender, and finally hung a white flag in Guangzhou.

Surrender, peace talks, land reparations.

The first unequal treaty in history was signed: the "Piercing Treaty".

And why, Admiral Yilu, would replace Zhoushan with Hong Kong?

Then we come to the purpose of this war.

The war, called the Ah-Pian War, was actually caused by a trade dispute.

And the vast majority of the world's postmodern wars are almost caused by trade disputes.

Because only resources, wealth, economy, and interests are worth waging war between countries at the cost of national strength, financial resources, and casualties.

At the national level, trade, that is, the exchange of resources, also represents wealth, economy, and interests.

However, how did this trade dispute turn into a war?

This has to talk about ancient trade.

In ancient times, under the premise of the feudal system, without the premise of industry, the goods that actually passed were very scarce.

Traditional goods and means of living cannot afford such high freight costs and operating costs.

There are only precious goods, important economic products, and resource exchange products.

In the past, there were just a few categories.

Silk, tea, spices, precious stones, ceramics, medicinal herbs, cotton, and tropical cash crops, cane sugar, coffee, cocoa, rubber.

How do you distinguish between international trade status and trade advantage?

Rely on the product of mastery.

In China, since the Tang Dynasty, due to the world's leading technology of ceramics and silk, it should be said that it is unique in the world, as well as tea and cotton, which have always occupied an active position in the feudal era, and also relied on these products to become the upper kingdom of the Celestial Empire.

Zhang Qian of the Tang Dynasty sent an envoy to the Western Regions, opened the Eurasian land passage, and transported Chinese silk, spices, ceramics, and tea to Europe, in exchange for a large amount of gold, silver, and precious stones, making Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty a world trade center and the most powerful country in the world at the same time.

Since the beginning of the Zhou ceremony, China's feudal system has pursued a dynasty system, princes and generals, princes and grandchildren, and entered a highly centralized era earlier than Europe, and the national power is prosperous.

At the same time, most of Europe was still in the age of castles, and the forces of the two sides were not on the same level.

There is only one Western Rome, and it is also the sunset of the Western Mountains.

National strength is not on one level.

At that time, Chinese silk was transported to Europe, but the luxury goods in luxury goods were equivalent to gold in Europe, and silk was once raised to the status of currency in Europe.

That's why the Silk Road is so famous.

For a long time, it occupied the world's first trade commodity category.

The same goes for ceramics.

Europe at that time, and even in the Middle World, was still using earthen pots.

But China's ceramic technology is already enamel colorful, more valuable than gemstones.

Tea too.

Under the premise of low quality of life in ancient times, a cup of tea can bring people enjoyment that modern people imagine, and the same is true of social atmosphere.

Ordinary things in China are shipped to Europe at sky-high prices, and only the aristocracy can enjoy them.

At that time, it was relatively cheap, and in addition to the three commodities of silk, ceramics, and tea, there was also an important category of spices among the commodities in circulation in the world.

This one is more broad.

There are more than 150 kinds of animal and plant spices such as musk, ambergris, agarwood, sandalwood, cloves, herbs, lavender, tulips, sachets, incense sticks, incense balls, etc.

Ivory, rhino horn, peppercorns, pepper, and chili peppers were also traded in spices at that time.

In the four dynasties of the Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, China has always occupied the position of trade initiative.

China's spices are also the world's largest commodity, the trade of spices reached its peak during the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He went to the West, greatly promoted international trade, brought back spices from all over the world, processed into burning spices, sachets for wearing, perfume, rouge, gouache, and then exported to countries around the world in the form of industrial products.

Guangzhou is the earliest spice trade and the first port of Nanyang trade.

It is also the most important port.

Until the late sunshine, Guangzhou was also the largest spice trading port.

Shanghai, on the other hand, is the largest trading port for silk, tea and ceramics.

In the feudal era, China has always occupied the initiative in trade and has always had a surplus.

Until the birth of a commodity, completely breaking the original trade pattern.

The charm of this commodity is so powerful that it is simply irresistible.

It's just—ahh

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