143 [Tram Problem]
Before going out, Huo Yaowen first went back to the house to change into a set of clean clothes, and said to Zhang Chengyi in the bathroom that he would accompany Anna out to buy things, and then he followed Anna and took the elevator downstairs.
After asking the reception staff at the front desk of the hotel where the nearest store was, the two of them left the hotel and walked towards the store not far away.
Perhaps because of the recent World Congress of Philosophy, the streets of Vienna were full of patrolling police officers, and along the way, the two of them saw more than a dozen of them, and spread them throughout Vienna, so you can imagine how much effort the organizers have spent on law and order.
When Huo Yaowen accompanied Anna to buy a few shampoos, towels and other toiletries in the store, and was about to go back to the hotel, Anna suddenly pointed to a restaurant not far away and said, "Evan, you accompany me to buy something, how about I invite you to dinner?"
Huo Yaowen glanced at the restaurant, an ordinary Western restaurant, thought about it and said with a smile: "Okay." ”
"Let's go, then. Anna smiled and led the way into the restaurant.
When Huo Yaowen followed behind, he suddenly heard several people in the corner of the restaurant arguing fiercely, and the customers eating next to him not only did not show dissatisfaction, but listened to the conversation of several people with interest, and even the waiter and manager of the restaurant were silently watching the arguments of several people, without the slightest attitude of wanting to step forward to stop it.
Just when Huo Yaowen was puzzled, Anna saw that he was motionless, and directly stepped forward to take his arm, and walked to the left corner of the restaurant, just facing the few people arguing.
The waiter silently walked over with two menus, handed them to the two, and said with a smile: "Sir, Madam, what do you need?"
Anna glanced at the menu, which was full of ordinary Western food, and there was nothing to order, she looked up at Huo Yaowen and asked, "Evan, how is the filet mignon?"
"Yes. "Huo Yaowen is not particular about eating.
"Then I'll trouble you with two filet mignon set. Anna called the menu back to the waiter.
"Yes, sir, please wait. ”
When the waiter put away the menu and was about to leave, Anna suddenly called out to the other party: "Excuse me, can I ask, what are the people at that table communicating?"
The waiter apologized: "I'm sorry for the two of you, there may be some noise for you, but recently we are holding a World Congress of Philosophy in Vienna, and they are all here to attend, they are exchanging a philosophical issue, and we and other customers are very interested, so if there is a noise between the two of you, I will remind them to be quiet." ”
"What is the philosophical question?" Anna became interested, glancing at the people at the table, unable to hear what was being said, and a little confused.
"I don't know, but it's an interesting question, and it mentions trolley killings or something. The waiter recalled.
"Tram killing?" Anna glanced at Huo Yaowen, her eyes full of questions, as if asking if you know?
Huo Yaowen shook his head on his face, but smiled in his heart, this question is often posted in the post bar in later generations, in the Q group, and he himself once came to be interested, and searched for this classic ideological question on the Internet.
Anna took out a twenty Austrian shilling from her bag: "Can you tell us a little bit about it? My friend and I are also interested in philosophy, and would like to hear what this tram problem is." ”
Seeing the tip, the waiter's eyes lit up: "Yes, but I want to help the two of you order food first." ”
"No problem, you can go and order food first. After Anna and the waiters left to order, she kept her eyes on the fiercely arguing people, listening to their accents, some of which were Oxford, and others seemed to be American English.
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The tram conundrum is a well-known intellectual question, first raised in 1967 by the British philosopher Philippa Ford in his book "The Dual Influence of the Abortion Problem and Dogma" published in the Oxford Review.
This question is divided into the original version and the condensed version of various modifications, but the waiter's exposition is a more primitive version, which is reduced to say: suppose a tram driver is faced with two tracks and can only decide to take one of them, there are five people working on one of the tracks and only one on the other, and the tram cannot stop, but can choose which track to take, whether to kill one or five.
Although this question was raised by Philippa Ford as early as 1967, his fame was not very high, and it only affected the philosophy department of Oxford University and some readers who had read the Oxford Review.
Anna seemed to think of something when she heard the waiter mention the tram tracks, blinked her eyes, and said to Huo Yaowen: "Evan, I heard this when I was at the University of London, but it is a little different from this one, I remember that it was proposed by a philosopher named Philippa Ford. At that time, I also discussed with my friends, some people thought to kill one, some people thought to kill five, and some people thought to close their eyes and watch the train run on its own. What do you think? Would you kill one, or do you kill five?"
"Do you ask me? I think there are many ways to answer that question. Huo Yaowen recalled some of the things he saw on the Internet in his mind, and said: "From the perspective of ethics and morality, we can't simply think that the lives of five people are more important than the lives of one person. ”
Anna nodded and asked rhetorically, "I know that it is a moral obligation not to kill people, and it is also a moral obligation to save people, but now that these two moral obligations are in conflict, how do you think you should choose?"
This issue has been discussed countless times in later generations, and Huo Yaowen has also seen many explanations, discussing this issue actually does not make much sense, but will cause dissatisfaction on both sides of the discussion, he shook his head and said: "I think the point of this problem is not to kill one or kill five, but you are not the tram driver in this problem, so I don't need to think about this matter, and I don't need to choose!"
"You're a typical inaction!"
Before Anna could speak, among the few people who were arguing opposite, one of the young ghosts with messy hair stood up angrily and walked to Huo Yaowen's side, pointed to his nose and said, "This society is so indifferent because of cold-blooded inaction people like you. ”
Being pointed at his nose, Huo Yaowen's face was displeased, and Anna hurriedly sat down and grabbed him, for fear of conflict, Huo Yaowen patted the back of Anna's hand, stood up and looked at this person and asked, "So what do you think is not cold-blooded, what is the difference in your mouth?"
At this time, the waiter and the manager also came over and tried to persuade the man to return to his position, but the man ignored it, but said arrogantly: "In terms of numbers, five people are obviously more than one person, we should save those five people, only in this way can we save more people, and not just silence, just like you say that you are not a tram driver!"
"Really?" Huo Yaowen chuckled, glanced at a few waiters next to him and the customers who were dining and watching the play nearby, smiled and asked, "In order to save more people, you have to kill that same innocent person, right?"
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