When Qin Shishi thought that her relationship with Zhou Yu had taken another step, her family's actions were undoubtedly drawing a chasm in Qin Shishi's heart, and reality once again knocked her back to her original shape and shattered her illusions.

From the inpatient department to the gate of the hospital, a short distance, Qin Shishi walked for ten minutes.

"What's wrong, you look unhappy?"

"It's nothing~~ Let's go, I'll invite you to dinner. ”

Qin Shishi lowered her head and walked to the side of the road to stop the car.

Zhou Yu still knows something about Qin Shishi, but whenever she has a mind, she is like this. Zhou Yu didn't continue to ask the reason, and she wouldn't say if she asked.

Flag down the taxi and leave.

Qin Shishi looked out in the car and thought thoughtfully.

When I arrived at the noon place to eat, I didn't have much appetite.

In this way, it directly affected Zhou Yu's appetite, so he simply stopped eating.

"Qin Shishi, what do you mean by this, you don't think about tea and dinner, are you thinking about that university president?"

"Huh?" Qin Shishi was stunned by Zhou Yu's words, and then glanced at him: "What nonsense, how can I miss him." Qin Shishi realized that her emotions had affected Zhou Yu, so she quickly adjusted her state and smiled: "I'm upset, don't mind." ”

"Did you go to the hospital just now, your uncle, they bullied you?"

"No~~~" Qin Shishi stopped talking, then put down her chopsticks, and said with a serious face: "Zhou Yu, about the 270,000 yuan you paid in advance, I will pay you back, but it will take some time, but don't worry, I will work hard to make money to pay you back." ”

Zhou Yu knows Qin Shishi's character, if she says that the money is a small amount of money and she doesn't need to pay it back, it will hurt her self-esteem.

After thinking about it, Zhou Yu once again pulled Qin Shishi to his side.

"Don't make a fuss, I'm serious. Qin Shishi looked at him with a serious expression.

In this way, you will be my maid for the two years of school, and when your work period expires, I will return your deed of sale to you, of course, if you have not paid it back when you graduate, then continue to work after graduation!

Qin Shishi heard the second half of the sentence: "After graduation, continue to be a girl." "It's a signal, it's not like other students are going their separate ways as soon as they graduate. After hearing Zhou Yu's words, Qin Shishi's hesitant heart felt a little stable and moved.

Falling into Zhou Yu's arms, he nodded heavily.

"Actually, there's a faster way, it shouldn't take that long for you to pay off my money~~~~"

"Is it worth it?"

"I haven't said it yet~~~ How do you know?"

"I noticed that little bit of your mind last night. Tell me honestly, did you pretend to be asleep last night?"

"My acting skills are so bad, you can see it!"

"Cut~~~~ I don't have a three-year-old child, you are stupid to me. Qin Shishi glanced at Zhou Yu angrily.

Zhou Yu thought for a while and asked, "Then if it's me~~~~ will you refuse?"

Qin Shishi saw Zhou Yu so shy for the first time, but instead laughed and whispered, "Did I refuse you last night?"

After saying that, he got up and went to the counter to check out.

Zhou Yu inexplicably regretted it again, as if he missed something last night.

Zhou Yu finally knew that the girl's routine was deep!!

A few days ago, I was still telling the female one that I love you, and these days I told the second female that I like you, a dead scumbag, a stinky scumbag! I! The most handsome author Wan Jiu expressed full envy! Woo woo woo woo !!!

…………………………

Western food culture

Western food culture refers to the sum of material and spiritual wealth with Western cultural characteristics created and accumulated by Westerners in the process of food and drink through the production, manufacturing, processing, consumption and practice of food and drink products over a long period of time. Compared with other types of food culture, it has strong historical characteristics and architecture, which has a great influence on modern food.

Brief introduction

Western food culture refers to the sum of material and spiritual wealth with Western cultural characteristics created and accumulated by Westerners in the process of food and drink through the production, manufacturing, processing, consumption and practice of food and drink products over a long period of time. Compared with other types of food culture, it has strong historical characteristics and architecture, which has a great influence on modern food.

Specialties

Pizza, famous brands: Pizza Hut, Papa John's······

Steak: Pizza Hut, Papa John's······

Burgers: McDonald's, KFC, Burger King······

Egg tarts: KFC, Antru......

Coffee: Starbucks, Costa, McCafe.

Cultural characteristics

Food culture

There are many nations in the world, and different nations have formed different countries. The history of a country is long and short, the territory is large and small, the strength is strong and weak, the population is more or less, and there are differences in the composition of the nation, religious beliefs, the nature of the political power and the economic structure, and this unique characteristic often forms the nature of a nation or a country, thus forming a different food culture. Westerners emphasize science and nutrition in diet, so the whole process of cooking is strictly in accordance with scientific norms.

Dietary characteristics

1. The systematic dietary classics mainly include:

Culinary Technology, Culinary Culture and Art, Culinary Science, Comprehensive.

2. Unique Dietary Science

The ecological concept of the separation of nature and man, the reasonable and balanced nutrition concept, and the food concept with outstanding personality.

3. Ups and downs in eating history

Italian cuisine is the originator of Western food culture, French cuisine is the king of Western food culture, and American cuisine is the upstart of Western food culture.

4. Exquisite food production skills

In the production, we strive for perfection and pursue perfection, and also attach importance to the cooperation between food and reputation, food and beautiful utensils, and food and beauty.

5. Numerous food variety

Famous dishes include Italian, French, American, German, Russian, etc. Famous drinks include wine, coffee, and black tea.

6. Colorful food folklore

Daily food customs, mainly meat-based, vegetarian supplemented.

Festive food customs, strong religious color, remembrance of God, and fun are the mainstay.

Life rituals, religion as a ritual, wish health and happiness.

Social etiquette, advocating "ladies first" and respecting women.

Dining etiquette

In Europe, everything that has to do with eating, is highly valued, because it offers two of the most appreciated aesthetic pleasures at the same time – food and conversation. In addition to the exquisite taste, the combination of wine and food during the meal, the elegant dining etiquette, adjusting and relaxing the mind, enjoying the environment and food, and the correct use of tableware and wine utensils are all prerequisites for entering the cuisine.

It should be noted that in the West, you generally have to make a reservation in advance to eat in a restaurant, and when making a reservation, there are a few points that you should pay special attention to, first of all, you should state the number of people and time, and secondly, you should indicate whether you want a smoking area or a seat with a good view. If it is a birthday or other special day, you can inform the purpose and budget of the banquet. It is basic politeness to arrive at the scheduled time, and if there is an emergency, you must notify in advance and apologize for canceling the location. No matter how expensive casual clothes are, you can't wear them casually to eat in high-end Western restaurants, and it is common sense for Europeans and Americans to dress appropriately. When going to a high-end western restaurant, men should dress neatly, women should wear evening dresses or suits and shoes with heels, women should wear heavy makeup because the light in the restaurant is dark, if formal clothing is specified, men must wear a tie, when entering the restaurant, men should open the door first, women should enter, women should be asked to walk in front. Seating, ordering wine should be done by a lady to taste and decide.

Generally, the western restaurant is open from 11:30 noon to afternoon, and dinner starts after 6:30 pm, if the guests arrive early, they can have a drink at the bar before entering the main restaurant; after sitting down, you can not rush to order, if you have any questions, you can ask the waiter directly, they are generally very happy to answer any questions you ask. If they are not very clear, they will ask the restaurant manager or the chef, and it is rude to go to the restaurant at 11 p.m. or 5:30 p.m., to leave in a hurry, to talk about business at the table, to dress poorly, to eat the main course too slowly to affect the next dish, or to order only appetizers without ordering the main course and dessert are rude.

The appetizers of high-end Western cuisine are small in portions, but they are delicate and worth savoring slowly. After the meal, you can choose dessert or cheese, coffee, tea, etc., different countries have different tipping habits, but be sure to praise and thank you.

Eating Western food is very much about eating emotions: marble fireplaces, glittering crystal lamps, silver candlesticks, colorful wines, and the elegant and charming manners of the people are a moving oil painting in itself. In order to make your first taste of Western food more proficient, it is worth taking the effort to familiarize yourself with these dining etiquette.

When seated, keep your body upright, keep your elbows off the table, don't stilt your feet, and keep your distance from the table so that you can use utensils. Don't mess with the utensils that have been set up on the table. Fold the napkin in half and gently place it on your lap. When eating with a knife and fork, take the knife and fork from the outside to the inside, holding the fork in your left hand and the knife in your right hand, holding the food with a fork in your left hand and sawing it into small pieces with a knife in your right hand, and then using the fork to put it in your mouth. When using a knife, the blade should not be facing outward. When putting down the knife and fork during the meal, should:

Arrange them in a figure of eight shape and place them on the edge of the plate. The blade is facing you, indicating that you will continue to eat. After each dish, place the knife and fork together on a plate. If it's a conversation, you can hold a knife and fork without putting it down. When you don't use a knife, you can also hold a fork with your right hand, but if you need to make a gesture, you should put down the knife and fork, never wave and shake in the air with a knife or fork in your hand, and do not hold a knife or fork in one hand and wipe your mouth with a napkin in the other, and do not hold a wine glass in one hand and a fork in the other. Remember, at no time should you put one end of your knife and fork on the plate and the other end on the table.

Don't put too much food in your mouth each time, don't talk while chewing, and don't take the initiative to talk to people.

Characteristics of each country

France

France was a country that gradually came to life on the ruins after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Until then it was an ancient Roman province called Transgaul. At that time, some famous chefs from Athens and Rome came here and laid the foundation of French cuisine. In the 16th century, during the Renaissance in Europe, the braised beef pit, fried steak, and various methods of making small divisions were introduced to France, and French cuisine was enriched. Due to the admiration of food by successive French kings, there were many famous French chefs at that time, which established the important position of French cuisine in Western cuisine. However, French cuisine tends to be conservative and develops more slowly.

Italy Italy is located in the Apennine Peninsula in southern Europe, and its superior geographical conditions make Italy's fertilization and food processing industries are very developed, and it is famous for its noodles, cheese, and salami sausage.

By the late 2nd century B.C., the dining rooms of the ancient Roman court had formed a large ranks and had a very fine division of labor. The head chef was the same as the noble minister, and his cooking methods were increasingly refined, and dozens of less-purpose preparation methods were invented. To this day, Italian cuisine still enjoys a high reputation in the world.

United Kingdom

Britain has a well-developed agriculture, food is mainly imported every year, and the British do not advocate food like the French, so British cuisine is relatively simple, and the British often laugh at themselves for not being good at cooking. However, the breakfast of British cuisine is very rich and popular in Western countries. In addition, the British love to drink tea and are used to eating refreshments around 3 p.m., usually a cup of black tea or coffee with a snack. If a friend is sad, handing over a good cup of tea is the best comfort to the friend.

United States

Due to the large number of British immigrants in the United States, American cuisine was basically developed on the basis of British cuisine. In addition, due to the short history of the United States, less traditional and conservative thoughts, and no conformism in living habits, the abundant agricultural and animal husbandry products of the Americans, combined with the living habits of other European immigrants and local Indians, have formed a unique American food culture. “

Russia

Russian cuisine is greatly influenced by French cuisine, and some characteristics of Austrian, Hungarian and other national cuisines, combined with their own eating habits, have gradually formed a distinctive Russian cuisine.

Germany

Germany, a country that was gradually established by the Germanic tribes after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, remained divided during the Middle Ages until 1870. In terms of life, the Germans love sports, so they eat a lot of food, and they retain the Germanic heritage of meat-based. German cuisine is known for its hearty and unpretentious. Germans also pay great attention to dining etiquette when they dine.

Cultural differences

Comparison between China and the West

Western food culture

Compared with Chinese food, which focuses on "taste", the West adheres to a rational concept of eating. Regardless of the color, aroma, taste, and shape of the food, nutrition must be guaranteed, and pay attention to how many calories, vitamins, proteins, and so on should be consumed in a day. Even if the taste is the same, you must eat it because it is nutritious. This concept of food is compatible with the entire philosophical system of the West. Metaphysics is the main feature of Western philosophy. The object of study in Western philosophy is the principle of things, and the reason of things is often metaphysical theory, and the metaphysical theory is coherent with each other, which forms metaphysical philosophy. This philosophy has brought vitality to Western culture, and it has achieved rapid development in natural science, psychology, and methodology. But in other respects, such as food culture, this philosophical assertion is a major hindrance. At the banquet, you can pay attention to the tableware, the materials, the service, and the shape and color of the raw materials, but no matter how luxurious and high-end, from Los Angeles to New York, steak has only one taste, and there is no art at all. As a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, and even if there is a match, it is also done on a plate, a plate of "French lamb chops", with mashed potatoes on one side, lamb chops on one side, boiled green beans on the other side, and a few slices of tomatoes. The color is contrasting, but in terms of taste, the various raw materials are irrelevant and harmonious, each with its own taste, simple and clear.

In Western-style banquets, food and sake, although very important, are actually used as foils. The core of the banquet is about friendship, which is achieved through conversations with adjacent guests. If we compare the communicative nature of a banquet with a dance, then it can be said that a Chinese banquet is like a group dance, while a Western banquet is like a ballroom dance between men and women. It can be seen that the purpose of Chinese banquet and Western banquet is obvious, but Chinese banquet is more reflected in the friendship of the whole table, while Western banquet is more reflected in the friendship between adjacent guests. The difference from the Chinese way of eating is even more pronounced in the popular buffet in the West. This method is: all the food is displayed one by one, everyone takes what they need, does not have to be fixed in the seat to eat, and moves around freely, this way is convenient for emotional communication between individuals, and it does not have to put all the words on the table, and it also shows the characteristics of Westerners for individuality and self-respect.

Therefore, in general, Chinese food pays more attention to the "penetration" between foods, that is, the matching and symmetry of tastes, while Western food pays more attention to the "completeness" of food, that is, to ensure the matching and symmetry of nutrition.

Cooking method:

In China, cooking is an art that attracts Chinese people who take food as the ultimate pleasure of life with a strong sense of fun and even a certain amount of play. For China, cooking has the same great significance as music, dance, poetry, and painting, which improves the state of life. There are many Chinese cooking methods: slipping, stewing, roasting, simmering, steaming, frying, crispy, stewing, grilling, stewing, stir-frying, stir-frying, casserole, silk drawing, etc., and the dishes made are even more dazzling. The changes in the Chinese food process are more complicated, many dishes are labor-intensive and time-consuming, too many embellishments, and many of them are inedible, which not only causes a waste of raw materials, but also may not have a good effect. There is a saying in Chinese cooking: "The chef has three points of art, and the use of materials is seven points of work", which emphasizes the importance of the chef's personal selection and use of raw materials, that is, the standard of raw materials plays a decisive role in the production of dishes.

Western diet emphasizes science and nutrition, and the whole process of cooking is strictly in accordance with scientific norms, and the production of dishes is standardized, so the work of a chef has become an extremely monotonous mechanical work. In addition, the purpose of Westerners eating is first and foremost to take in nutrients, as long as the nutrition is up to standard, everything else can be tolerated, so today's potato steak, tomorrow's steak potato, the chef in the diners have no demanding and extremely tolerant attitude, repeating the mechanical work every day, of course, there is no fun at all. Western cooking methods are not as complex and changeable as China's, and Western food has a strong sense of three-dimensionality and edibility, and most of the food on the plate can be eaten, and the garnish is the side dish of the main course.