The current Zhongguancun Development Pilot Zone is still the "Zhongguancun Electronic Street" that originated in the early 80s, with low-rise buildings of different heights on both sides, only a few scattered electronic stores along the street, and tens of thousands of merchants settled in the late 90s, and many leaders in the IT industry of the Republic have not yet been born.

Zhongguancun is a place full of legends, and more legendary figures are admired, such as Zhang Xuanlong, Wang Xuan, Wan Runnan, Duan Yongji, Yu Bojun, Wang Yongmin, Shi Yuzhu, Wu Xiaojun...... In this era of reform and opening up, people are full of joy to see the prototype of Silicon Valley here, and people from all over the country gather here with various ideas and moods, turning Zhongguancun from a humble village into a noisy electronic trade center.

However, from 1982, the listing of Jinghai was the beginning of the exploration of the IT industry of the Republic, and in the subsequent era of "two links and two seas", what Zhongguancun could do was only to understand advanced technology and advanced products from abroad, and bring these things to China through trade means (in fact, more smuggling), and then assemble and sell, while cultivating the market, while completing the original accumulation of capital, technology, talents and other aspects.

You must know that the most important thing to do PC at this time is the import license, which is commonly known as the approval document. Private enterprises cannot get approval to import computers from abroad, and state-owned enterprises do, but they do not have foreign exchange and other capital autonomy, so it is useless to have it. If you have two links and two seas, you will go to the state-owned enterprises to buy approval documents and pour computers.

Although the business model of "reselling approvals" makes them look like speculative reversals, this has not affected the "two links and two seas" to complete their original accumulation and make a lot of money. Because at that time, this was the most profitable, at the high end of the 'Zhongguancun food chain'.

Of course, there are also technical links involved in this process, and there are also technical factors, which is why the first batch of entrepreneurs in Zhongguancun, no matter how big or small, basically have a certain technical background. However, under the historical conditions at that time, the so-called technical factors of the IT industry of the Republic only existed in the application link, and to put it simply, the work of "translation".

In 1988, the central government decided to establish the first state-level high-tech industrial development zone in the Republic of China——— Yanjing New Technology Industrial Development Pilot Zone, within 100 square kilometers around Zhongguancun. Under the urgency of the country for the localization of IT products, Zhongguancun has finally been recognized by technological breakthroughs, and the positioning of "technology, industry and trade" has been established.

Although "technology, industry and trade" is the positioning hoped by the relevant departments of the state, in Zhongguancun, trade has always been the mainstream, and history has not moved forward according to the track expected by the "big man".

Before 1990, the foreign computers introduced by Zhongguancun people mainly included IBM, AST, Apple and other brands, and the main market was the market of ministries and agencies. Due to the protection of national policies (computer product import licenses), the domestic market products are mainly "Changcheng 0520" to occupy the mainstream.

In 1990, when the state announced that it would formally cancel the approval of import licenses for computer products and drastically reduce tariffs, in the face of strong pressure from multinational corporations, not only did the "guerrillas" in Zhongguancun fail to resist it, but Changcheng, which represented the "national team," was also unable to form an army.

After Changcheng fell from the throne of the king, he never found the north. Since then, the most beautiful thing in Changcheng is capital operation, not IT.

Of course, the problem of the electronics industry is not the problem of a certain company, and the development of the industry itself must rely on the national strength to solve it as a whole, because this is a life-and-death contest between the national industrial system.

In addition, the dilemma of the electronics industry in the later Republic of China is not something that can be easily caused by an approval, and the most critical thing is the internal cause.

There are two internal causes, one is being too poor, and the other is doing (walking) and dying (private).

Because according to the conditions at that time, even if Intel was born and grew up in the republic, it would definitely not live long, because the United States is the standard-setter of the electronics industry, and it can easily strangle you.

And we have nothing, but the European and American giants are not that we do not have a chance!

As early as 1980, the Fourth Ministry of Machinery Industry (Ministry of Electronics Industry), which is in charge of the electronics industry, began to tackle key problems in microcomputers. The Electronic Technology Application Research Institute (No. 6) of the Fourth Machine Department has a microprocessor research room. Director Ding Shilong leads two large groups, one group imitates Intel chips, that is, the 05 series; A group of imitation Motorola chips, namely the 06 series. They cooperate with the company to carry out microcomputer research.

By 1983, the Ministry of Electronics Industry determined the 05 series, named 0520A, and arranged production in Yanjing 738 factory. In 1985, with the assistance of all parties, this type of computer became the first set of computers in the Republic of China that was completely Chinese, and was named 0520CH.

On December 12, 1986, Wang, the former deputy director of the Computer Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Electronics Industry, led the 0520 computer development team and founded Changcheng Computer Company. In the following four years, under the protection of the import license system, Changcheng lived a very nourishing life. At that time, the price of IBM's PC in Zhongguancun was 30,000 yuan, and the Changcheng 0520CH sold for more than 20,000 yuan, with a total of more than 15,000 units and an income of several hundred million.

"Changcheng 0520", which is the first Chinese, industrialized and large-scale production of microcomputers in the Republic, it was extremely popular and was once hailed as "the hope of the IT industry of the Republic" - Changcheng represented the country's guidance direction for the IT industry in that era.

Originally, the Ministry of Electronics Industry could arrange for its subordinate factories to localize core components under the planned economic system. However, the atmosphere at the top of the class at that time was to dismantle the planned economic system and liberalize and reform to the market. The Ministry of Electronics Industry has no money to invest, the core components of Changcheng 0520 are all imported, the CPU is the 8088 imitation of NEC, the hard disk is TEAC, the floppy drive control card produced by the state-owned Hangzhou Magnetic Recording Equipment Factory, the 9-pin EGA graphics card, and the 14-inch spherical display.

This is the best opportunity for the Republic to establish a computer localization industry chain in the past 40 years. At this time, the gap between the Republic and Europe and the United States is not large, once the positive cycle of investment profits is realized, it will give the Republic's electronics industry the energy to catch up with the two-year Moore cycle. With domestic enterprises as the core of industrial upgrading, it will not be thrown off by the United States and invisible, and even South Korea and Taiwan will dare to step on it.

In the sixties and seventies, due to the threat of nuclear war and the total blockade of Europe and the United States, the republic was forced to devote all its efforts to the development of the electronics industry, and a complete set of military electronics industry systems had been formed, and the civilian field started in the seventies. However, after 1980, the domestic economy caught a cold, and by 1985 the economy began to have a fever, and the pockets were empty, and finally in order to maintain economic development, it was forced to carry out a million-dollar disarmament and reduce military spending.

Because of the lack of money, the country's major scientific research projects have been discontinued at this time, and the "Yun Shi" was abolished at this time.

Again, because of lack of money, the republic did not seize this opportunity, and the window for industrial investment was fleeting.

An investment of 400 million yuan in that year can catch up, and an investment of 4,000 billion yuan in 40 years may not be able to catch up.

Just like South Korea, Samsung and LG have achieved great success when they gritted their teeth and invested. They gradually grew up on the huge profits brought by the huge market of the Republic, and in turn finally fully occupied the market of the Republic.

And we still have nothing.