Respect in appearance, respect in heart, this is an old saying. Respect refers to the dignified and upright heart. In the Xi'an dialect, there are words such as "sit upright", "walk away" and "go down", and the meaning of this end is integrity. Mencius's "four ends" are the basis of being a human being. "Compassion is the end of benevolence. The heart of shame is also the end of righteousness. The heart of resignation, the end of courtesy. The heart of right and wrong, the end of wisdom. ”

Respect has two directions, respect for people and respect for oneself. Respect for oneself is respect, self-esteem, self-respect, self-love, and respect. Salute is not a raising of hands, a pose, or a pretense, but a general term for following the rules. Respect for people, dedication, respect for deeds, respect for heaven and earth. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, an office of the central office department was set up, Jingshifang, which belonged to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The scope of duties includes: "Carrying out edicts and documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, managing the affairs and etiquette of the palace, collecting money and grain from the outer treasury, screening and supplementing eunuchs, and inspecting the opening and closing of all doors and the closing of fires and candles." "The residence of the emperor and the harem, eating, drinking, and lazing, as well as serious and not-so-serious entertainment, are all included. To be a good messenger for this trivial errand, the emperor only asks for one word, that is, respect. "Respect in matters and leniency in matters" is the political conclusion made by the "Qing History Manuscript" to the great eunuch Liu Yousan.

There are many old sayings about respect, "the entrance is respectful, and the promotion is cautious", "the guests are respectful, and the sacrifice is respectful", "respect and believe", "respect and do simple". Respect is a person's attitude, to have a degree, the state is the state of behavior, and the degree is a sense of proportion. Whether it is to others or to oneself, it is disrespectful to be inadequate and excessive.

Shame, on one side is the heart, on the other side is the ear. A person will occasionally have an inappropriate thought in his heart, or hear a sentence that wants to wash his ears, he will be a little embarrassed, and this embarrassment is called shame. Shameless, just not embarrassed by this. In the words of Mr. Nan Huaijin: "The idea of truly loving face, cultivated is the highest morality." ”

Confucius and Mencius's two elders have a very clear understanding of shame, "it is shameful to do oneself", "shame is almost brave", "shame is great to people", "people cannot be shameless, shameless shame, shameless".

Gu Yanwu, a university scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, wrote a good article called "Honest and Shameful", in which there are two great judgments: one is "If you are not honest, you will take everything, and if you are not ashamed, you will do everything"; the other is "The shamelessness of scholars and doctors is a national shame".

Shidaifu is an old term for bureaucrats that refers to all parts of the state apparatus in general. In today's parlance, it is called civil servants at all levels. The days when there were foreign invasions were a national shame. Without foreign invasion, it is also a national shame to invade the bottom line of the country's discipline by yourself.