Mi Guangnan pondered for a while and asked Wan Feng a question: "Young man, since you want to make a chip, then let me ask you, can you explain clearly what a chip is?"

If this question is answered, it can be described as an old sheep freezing to death on a June day—a long story.

In one sentence, a chip is a microcircuit. ”

Mi Guangnan nodded: "Yes, then can you explain in detail?"

How does this feel like facing an exam?

"The invention of integrated circuits in the fifties greatly improved the efficiency of discrete transistors, and countless discrete microtransistors were integrated into a small pure silicon wafer and chips appeared. It has two huge advantages over discrete transistors, one is cost and the other is performance. ”

Mi Guangnan showed interest: "Go on." ”

"The cost is low, which is due to the fact that the chip prints all the components as a unit through photolithography technology, rather than making only one transistor at a time, which greatly reduces the material cost of a single transistor. ”

Mi Guangnan nodded.

"The high performance is due to the fact that the components switch on and off quickly, consuming less energy and generating more efficiency. ”

"Although the explanation is a little general, but it is roughly correct, I didn't expect you to really have research on chips, so can you talk about the processing process of chips?"

Wan Feng didn't understand this question too well before, not that he hadn't seen it on the Internet in his previous life, but it was too boring and uninteresting, and he didn't remember much at a glance.

But recently, when I was idle and chatting with Gu Hongzhong and Qin Guanghui, Gu Hongzhong once used a saying about building a house to make Wan Feng remember the production process of chips.

"We know that the steps to build a house are to lay the foundation, build the walls, and put up the beams to cap the main steps, right?"

Mi Guangnan and Wan Shouwu nodded.

"If the production of chips is compared to building a house, the first thing is to lay the foundation for the chip, after many experiments in the early years, the best material to make the foundation of the chip is wafer, that is, monocrystalline silicon flakes. It is the foundation of the whole building, and the quality of the foundation directly determines the quality of the superstructure. ”

"Go on!"

"Don't look at the monocrystalline silicon flakes and it sounds like a tall look, but it is not noble at all, it is commonly said to be sand, elegant is called quartz sand, and there are also a lot of silicon elements in the cement. The monocrystalline silicon flakes for making chips have very high requirements for purity, even if the purity does not reach 100 percent, it must reach 99 percent, and our country has a history of more than 30 years of making silicon wafers since the first silicon wafer was manufactured in the late 50s, which can meet our needs. ”

Seeing that the people at the wine table were listening attentively, Wan Feng took a sip of the drink and continued after moistening his throat.

"It's not that there is no other material to replace except monocrystalline silicon, gallium arsenide can also be used, and it seems that there are factories in our country that have successfully manufactured them in the sixties. ”

"In '62, a factory in Tianjing produced gallium arsenide. ”

"Now that we have the materials, we are starting to lay the foundation, making these pure silicon into silicon crystal rods, which become the carrier of quartz semiconductors for the manufacture of integrated circuits, and slicing them into wafers that are specifically needed to make chips. The thinner the wafer, the larger the diameter, the lower the cost of production, but the higher the process requirements. ”

Mi Guangnan nodded uncontrollably.

Originally, he just asked casually, just to see how much oil and water was in the stomach of this little guy who wanted to make chips, but he didn't expect this product to be like a river in his mouth.

"With the foundation, we officially began to build the building, from painting to development, etching, drying and manufacturing, the process is very complicated, and the requirements for the process are extremely high. ”

Mi Guangnan's face was slightly heavy.

"After this stage, lattice grains are formed on the wafer. The electrical characteristics of each grain are tested by means of needle testing. The manufactured wafer will be fixed, the pins will be bound, and the house will be built according to the needs of various packaging forms. ”

"Your explanation is very interesting, after listening to your explanation, it seems that you are not going to make chips with blood and pat your head to decide, obviously you have done enough homework, I don't know how much you know about the current chip industry, and how much prospect do you have for the future development of chips?"

"Now the world's mainstream chip 386, the next is 486... Today's end of April, Intel's 80486 is on sale, right?"

"80486?" Mi Guangnan was a little confused, he really didn't know that this legendary chip had been put on sale.

"80486 is a continuation of its previous generation 80386, the instruction set is very similar to 80386, only a small number of instructions are added, and the structure has a great breakthrough. It has a built-in data cache chip, a floating-point processor, and multiple pipelines. 1.2 million transistors, the process reaches one micron. This should be the last chip in the micron scale, and the chip process will begin to enter the nanometer era, from 500 nanometers to 350 nanometers to 10 nanometers. ”

"Ten nanometers?" the shock in Mi Guangnan's heart was beyond words.

What is this concept? Human hair is 60 microns, and one micron is equal to 1,000 nanometers.

This ten nanometers?

"Will it really get to that stage?"

"I'm sure if you're in good health, you'll probably see it in your seventies. ”

Mi Guangnan frowned and was silent for a long time.

"Tell me your plan, boy. ”

"Intel's chips are about to enter the nano stage, I estimate that there will be another five or six years, our gap is already a little far from others, this market we don't hurry up and will be all occupied by others, in the future this may be a 100 billion yuan level market. This is the purpose of our determination to develop chips, if we just say that making money is a bit vulgar, the military industry will also use a large number of chips in the future, you think our missiles and planes use foreign chips, do you think this is a reassuring thing?"

Mi Guangnan's expression began to be solemn.

"That's the truth!"

"It's not important, once the war years come, foreign cards don't supply us with chips, do we still have a chance to win?"

Mi Guangnan's gaze at Wan Feng has changed qualitatively, and this ideological level is high.

"So, we have to develop chips and semiconductors, even if we smash the pot and sell iron, but we lack talents, I don't know if Uncle Mi have any idea of working in our company? How much money does Face Xiang give you, I will give you three times the salary, including your team. ”

There is no pressure on the poaching face Xiang Wanfeng, and there is not much value in such an enterprise.

It may be a good thing that it has fallen now.

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