One weekend in May 2001, in a seaview villa in the San Francisco Bay Area, Gu Yu and his wife Ma Yiyi were enjoying a rare leisure.

She is still studying for a master's degree in computer science, and it is estimated that she will definitely not be able to finish her studies in September this year.

The fastest and fastest may be until the end of January next year.

Graduate school in Oceania is a three-semester year, with January, May and September being the beginning of a new semester. As long as you have enough credits in your undergraduate studies and have accumulated enough results in graduate school, you can graduate, but you don't necessarily have to make up the whole academic year.

So there is a strange thing about studying for a master's degree and graduating in 16 months.

In fact, relying on Ma Yiyi's own ability alone, no matter how good her grades are, studying 6 4-month semesters and graduating with a master's degree in two years is very good. But after all, she took advantage of Gu Play and helped do a lot of basic research on distributed architecture and machine learning, so when she came to Stratholme's side, her results were also very fast. This saved another eight months, and by the beginning of 2002 I was completely out of school and going to work.

With the help of Gu Play, she also skillfully co-opted a vote of elites from Stratholme's side, and booked to work together for the newly opened technology company after Gu Play came to Oceania in the future, and we will work together to provide basic research support such as machine learning and distributed computing architecture, as well as applied technologies such as autonomous driving/navigation.

This is the advantage of coming to a world-famous university to study for a doctorate, you can pull a lot of teams that are qualified to be tools for you, whether it is a classmate, a senior, or even a supervisor.

If you study for a doctorate in China, or if you don't study for a doctorate, it will take a lot more to integrate into the team and pull up a sufficiently elite scientific research team in the future.

The couple sat on the terrace of the ocean-view villa, enjoying the sea breeze and enjoying the May California sun, doing some elegant things while taking stock of the gains and losses of business and study.

At this moment, the maid of the villa received a courier and delivered it to the man, breaking the silence between the husband and wife.

This is a transcript letter from an academic journal, Ma Yiyi came over to look at it a few times, and couldn't help but compliment her husband with emotion:

"That's amazing, it's two more "Nature", and now Professor Iverson can't stop you from graduating on time before September. By the way, what's the content of the paper?"

She just mentioned that she will not graduate until the beginning of next year at the earliest, and now seeing her husband's rapid progress, she has to feel that the gap between Xueba and Xueshen is still huge.

It's about the details of the subsequent calculations on the definition of a black hole. Gu Play read the reply letter and replied to his wife casually,

"You should know that the key to the definition of a black hole is to ensure that the entropy reduction that was originally thought to occur when a black hole engulfs is consistent with the energy and mass of the virtual positive particles in the pair of virtual particles emitted by my newly defined black hole radiation, or at least can be canceled out.

Therefore, to further refine my guess, it is necessary to mathematically express the total intensity of the virtual positive particle radiation emitted during the engulfment of this black hole.

Moreover, since antimatter is constantly being produced at the black hole engulfing boundary, and the positive and antimatter are separated by the Schwarzschild radius horizon, it means that the antimatter in the black hole is actually accumulating more and more. Theoretically, this will also lead to the evaporation of black holes after a series of complex changes - but this evaporation will be very slow, so it will not be observed in the finite lifetime of the universe.

In this paper, I present a new estimation solution, according to which the time it takes for a black hole to completely evaporate and dissipate is estimated to be on the order of 10 to the 60th power of years. That is, trillions, billions, billions, billions of grades - don't be wrong, it's 7 billion words. The current lifespan of the universe is only more than 10 billion years, which is 600 million liters different from my estimate of the evaporation age of black holes, so let's not try to prove this problem.

But in any case, there is a big gap between the significance of the academic community when I give this number and I don't give it. I'm giving Nature a face, making sure that such an important hypothesis, the final work of the perfect calculations, is published in their journal. ”

In fact, with Gu Play's assumption at the beginning, the subsequent calculation work, in fact, as long as others believe him, then it can be done without Gu Play.

Gu Play just did it relatively quickly, and on the other hand, top journals such as Nature wanted to save face and begged Gu Play to publish it, so even if others were more eager for time in terms of calculation, it is estimated that "Nature" would not let other people's papers be published first.

Because of the value of the black hole, after several months of fermentation, the importance has been many times higher than when it was first proposed.

Such an important result was not taken seriously at first, so the first few discussions were published in Astrophysics.

But now, if all the subsequent papers are still published in Astrophysics, where will the face of Nature go?

Therefore, now it is not Gu Yu begging "Nature" to publish his paper, it is "Nature" begging Gu to play and throw it to them.

In the same way, "Science" also gave Gu Play an invitation, hoping to send a sub-paper on antimatter energy analysis in this topic to "Science". Therefore, Gu Yu estimates that after the end of this wave of research on black holes, he can get two "Nature", one "Science", a total of three papers in the world's top divine journals, and this score is enough for any doctoral graduate and any assistant researcher to be promoted to the title of associate research evaluation.

In terms of astrophysical discoveries and conjectures, Science is unlikely to compete with Nature, because the two have specializations. Science focuses more on the achievements of human beings, while Nature focuses more on the discovery of laws.

For example, if the discovery of a new elementary particle is also a naturally occurring phenomenon, such as an alien galaxy tens of millions of light-years away, and it is only observed by new observational means, then this top-level achievement is generally the one that Nature is competing for.

But if a country invents a large particle collider and collides with something new that is not broken enough to be invisible, it will usually be published in Science.

Black hole radiation itself, Science has nothing to grab, but if there are any subtle new developments in antimatter control theory, Science can grab it.

Gu Play rewarded them with faces, so he kept one hand for the follow-up calculations and improvements, and did not send all of them "Astrophysics".

The two gods should really thank Gu Yu for his kindness, which made them grow some faces.

This is what I used to be proud of posting Science and Nature. Today, Science and Nature are proud that I still submit articles to them.

……

Ma Yiyi listened to her husband's explanation, and only then did she have a full understanding of Gu Wan's current degree of rebellion.

Originally, she could only say that she knew that her husband was powerful, but she still didn't know that it was so powerful.

After understanding, then comes the question of the outlook:

"In the last four months of your Ph.D., in which directions do you plan to pursue your academic prestige? I remember you said last time that you have other long-term plans besides these precise calculations about black holes and antimatter. ”

Gu Yu took a sip of peach iced tea and replied bluntly: "Next, I want to do some follow-up research that is more inherited from my previous work."

As you know, I've studied cosmic microwave background radiation, and that's what I did when I debuted. Although it is not a fundamental research, but a perfect research, it at least gives me the right to speak in this field. So far, the most accurate and long-lived universe has been measured by me.

However, now that we have the theory of black hole radiation and other sources of cosmic radiation, some of our original algorithms for calculating the lifetime of the universe and extrapolating the chronology of the universe backwards are incorrect.

For example, we originally thought that the final remaining background radiation in the universe was entirely from the aftermath of the Big Bang. But now it seems that not all of this background radiation comes from the aftermath of the Big Bang, but also from other sources of antimatter, including but not limited to black holes.

These energies, at the time of the Big Bang, did not exist in this universe. It is later that antimatter is produced under various circumstances, in which the antimatter is devoured, and the positive matter radiates into the visible universe, and the excess. Therefore, along this line of thought, we can reconstruct the entire chronology of the universe in reverse direction.

The difficulty of this matter is actually not as great as imagined, but it is definitely a great achievement of sensationalism and public science popularization. So, if you want to do this kind of thing, you have to have enough seniority in the academic world before you can touch this topic.

And if you are not respectable enough, it is impossible to find a new variable, so you can go through all the recalculation and reverse calculation processes. I think that after the previous wave of operations and popularity, I should be qualified to do this kind of beneficial thing now. At most, give Professor Iverson a little bit of guidance at the level of overall planning. ”

"That's a lot to look forward to. It is estimated that after it is made, there will be a bunch of "Nature", and another popular science book for the public can be written. Ma Yiyi feels quite leisurely and fascinated when she thinks about it.

Gu Wan affirmed it as a matter of course: "Of course, popular science books should also be written." We are scientists who want to save the world, not the kind of people who were born in the study. If we have made achievements and can't shout them out for the attention of the whole world, what good will it do for our great cause?

There is no money just to write papers, and at the same time to write interesting and gimmicky popular science is in line with self-promotion in the Internet age. I even thought about the title of the popular science article I wanted to write, which was called "The First 3 Minutes and XX Seconds of the Universe" - I won't know until I calculate what XX is. Anyway, this is a point in time that determines the underlying proportions of the chemical elements of our universe today, which can be accurate to the second.

What happens in that second determines the proportion of chemical elements in the universe today. Since I have even calculated the cosmic microwave background radiation and the black hole antimatter interference parameters, it is better to calculate a little more and shock the ignorant public. ”

Gu Play once again plagiarized the eye-catching tricks of a certain science god on the earth.

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Sogou