"Alas!"

Yuan Chang let out a long sigh, looked at Cai Yong and said, "Uncle Cai, why is it so difficult to educate civilians? The Hundred Academies not only gave them a superior learning environment, but also rich rewards, but they didn't really want to study, but for these rewards, it was, alas!"

It's no wonder that Yuan Chang sighed so long, but the hundred colleges established in Bohai County were very different from what Yuan Chang expected.

Before the imperial examination system of the Sui and Tang dynasties was proposed, reading was basically the right of the scholar family. Unless a scholar takes a fancy to a disciple, a child of the Han family will be accepted as a disciple, and then he will also be labeled as a scholar. In this way, the power is basically controlled by the Shi family, which is obviously not a good thing for the children of the poor family and the common people. Even if the Sui and Tang dynasties created the imperial examination system, at that time, most of the children of the big families were elected, and there was little hope for the common people. It was not until Wu Zetian slaughtered the family family, and then experienced the massacre of the family of five dynasties and ten countries, and the Song Dynasty began, that the children of commoners gradually entered the officialdom through the imperial examination system.

And Yuan Chang established a hundred colleges to let ordinary people change their social status through learning. Who knows, those civilian children who entered the Hundred Academies at the beginning were all there for rewards, not for learning at all. In this regard, Yuan Chang was extremely disappointed and lost in his heart.

"State pastor, educating the people of the world is not an overnight effort, luring them with benefits, and it can only treat the symptoms but not the root cause. ”

Cai Yong stroked his beard and said calmly. Although Cai Yong is from a family, he does not have the selfishness and arrogance of a family. Regarding Yuan Chang's idea of educating the people of the world, Cai Yongzi very much agrees. Look at the way Cai Yong educates Cai Yan. You know its eclectic approach.

"What Uncle Cai said is very true!"

Yuan Chang thought about it, and what Cai Yong said was still very reasonable. Just like in a previous life. The scholarship system set up by the school only cultivated a bunch of dead students in the end. Those who can get scholarships end up doing nothing in society and achieving nothing. It seems that in order to really change the thinking of ordinary people, it is necessary to start with the children, so that they take reading and learning as a matter of course, rather than for rewards. Just like in the previous life, nine-year compulsory education does not need to be said by anyone. When parents reach the age of their children, they know that they need to send their children to school, which is the reason.

To this extent, the improvement of paper and printing must also be put on the agenda.

Although after Cai Lun's improvements, the paper can already be used for writing. However, the paper that can be used for writing is still too expensive, not to mention ordinary people. Even the children of the family generally cannot afford to use it, and in addition, the spread of culture also needs the assistance of printing. Nowadays, books are copied by hand, and there are often omissions or errors in the copying process. As a result, there are fake words. Nowadays, paper is rough and difficult to write, so it is difficult to achieve uniform work with printing. Therefore. It is imperative to improve the quality of the paper. In addition to paper and typography, it is also important to prescribe the font version. Otherwise, since the Qin and Han dynasties. The main use is the small seal, Lishu, the small seal and the Lishu are jerky and not easy to write, Yuan Chang naturally has to change.

Yuan Chang looked at Ma Jun and said, "Deheng, there is a task given to you now, and that is to improve the quality of the paper. You can try to change the materials used to make paper on the basis of Cai Hou, such as using bamboo, tree bark, etc. If it succeeds, it will go down in history!"

For papermaking, Yuan Chang is not very clear, only knows the use of bamboo and bark, anyway, there is Cai Lun's improved papermaking technology, and now it is just to improve it, with Ma Jun's ability, it is not difficult to do.

"Subordinates obey!"

Speaking of which, Ma Jun is very interested in inventions, and his talent is also very high, as for whether it can be famous for centuries and go down through the ages, Ma Jun doesn't care very much.

Speaking of which, Yuan Chang transferred all the people from Bohai County to Youzhou, in fact, it was also because of his disappointment with the Hundred Academies. Otherwise, he would not have given up so easily when he took the trouble to establish a hundred colleges and the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Bohai County. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is fortunate to say that it has not been fully established, and as long as there are people, it can be re-established in Youzhou. As for the hundred colleges, they were all on track at that time, but because of disappointment, Yuan Chang did not have the slightest regret. Nowadays, as long as paper and printing are improved, and knowledge and ideas are popularized, when the children of the common people come to study, their ideas will naturally be different.

After the question of the hundred colleges was finished, Yuan Chang looked at the few people present, in addition to Cai Yong and Ma Jun, they were Guo Jia, Zhao Yun, Dian Wei, Han Sui, Yu Ban, Tai Shici, and a secretary Cai Yan. And Xun Chen, Liu He, Gongsun Xu and others, Yuan Chang did not leave them behind, because some of the changes that Yuan Chang wanted to propose would be a matter that would harm their interests.

"Ladies and gentlemen, I have left you here because I have some ideas that I would like to bring forward, and it may be to the detriment of all of you. However, these ideas are undoubtedly good for the people of the world. ”

"My lord, please make it clear, your subordinates have nothing to say. ”

The few people who were left behind by Yuan Chang could be said to be Yuan Chang's most loyal subordinates, and they naturally supported Yuan Chang's ideas without hesitation.

"Good!"

Yuan Chang nodded, naturally convinced of a few people. So, Yuan Chang began to say: "First of all, I plan to reform the tax system. As you all know, since the Qin Dynasty, the current dynasty has implemented a tax system based on land endowment and capitation endowment, supplemented by miscellaneous taxes on industry and commerce and mountain and wood products. ”

The so-called field endowment is simply how much land a family occupies, and then pay taxes according to the amount; and the capitation endowment is even simpler, a person has to pay taxes from the age of 16, and does not have to continue to pay until the age of 56. Since a person has been an adult, he has enjoyed the protection of the imperial court, so that your life can be saved, and collecting some money is actually a protection fee. In addition, miscellaneous taxes on industrial and commercial and mountain wood products are actually commercial taxes. It's just that the commercial tax is too low, or sometimes it is not collected at all, and the imperial court only focuses on collecting land tax and poll tax, and if it pays more attention to commercial tax, the income of the imperial court will actually be higher. Of course. Because the status of merchants is low, they are not regarded by the imperial court. Therefore, this big tax collector will be missed.

But. Since Yuan Chang is here, he will naturally not let go of the commercial tax, as for the field tax and the poll tax, they are simply small heads, if they can, it doesn't matter whether they are collected or not.

"Lord, how should this tax system be reformed?" Guo Jia's doubts were not only his doubts, but also the doubts of everyone present except Yuan Chang.

"The tax system has been changed to the official gentry to pay grain in one piece!"

Yuan Chang said seriously word by word, Zhao Yun. Dian Wei and the others didn't react yet, Guo Jia, Cai Yong, and Ma Jun, three people with a little knowledge, listened to Yuan Chang's words, and their faces began to move.

Since ancient times, the privileged class has always existed, whether it was the feudal era or the era of Yuan Chang's previous life. Say yes everyone has to pay taxes. However, in fact, everyone knows that many really rich people actually do not pay much tax, but some small self-employed businesses do not fall into taxes. Opposite. Those large enterprises with a lot of profits, in the name of charitable donations, donate a little money to evade and evade taxes. The collusion between officials and businessmen has led to the failure of taxation to be truly implemented. And in feudal times. Whether it is a civil official or a military general, or a local tyrant and squire, he does not have to pay taxes. Maybe they all have a point. It is their ability to make money, so why should they pay so many taxes? However, these people have forgotten one point: If they do not have the backing of the state, how can they make money with peace of mind, and where can they make money? How did the state come about, and that is also because all the people, everyone unites as a collective, can it be called a country, and with the people, with the country, they can make money. Just like when Yuan Chang was in his previous life, those countries in the Middle East and other countries were at war every day, the people couldn't eat enough, they couldn't wear warm clothes, where to make money, maybe one day a bomb would fall around him and finish playing, and they still wanted to make money?

"That's right, the officials and gentry pay the food in one piece!"

Yuan Chang responded seriously, "From the royal court to the common people, everyone has to pay taxes, and no one can be an exception. In addition, the poll tax is exempted, and the tax is paid according to the actual land. ”

"If the lord and the lord implement this system, I'm afraid it will cause turmoil!" Guo Jia said with a wry smile.

"In order to change the fate of the people of the world, this system must be concluded before it can be broken and established. Yuan Chang said with a calm face and a firm expression.

Yuan Chang also has his ideas when he proposes this system, and the current times are turbulent, and the scholar family has not yet fully grown up, so it can be said that it is the best time to change the law. As for saying that changing the law will cost people's lives, it is the same in any era, and this is an inevitable thing. In order for the Han people in the Central Plains not to experience those humiliating and sad disasters, Yuan Chang is willing to be a pioneer, although tens of millions of people have gone there!

As Yuan Chang thought, he was only dedicated to strengthening the Han people, and he would no longer experience the Wuhu Chaohua, the shame of Jingkang, and the Manchu rule. Since the Han Dynasty, the experience of the Han people can be said to be a history of blood and tears, which is not enough to say!

Moreover, there are advantages to implementing the reform of the law now.

First of all, the reason why the big families were able to grow up was because Chen Qun proposed the nine-grade Zhongzheng system, which went through the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Sui and Tang dynasties to prosper, and at this time proposed the system of integrated grain payment by the officials and gentry, which would inevitably arouse strong opposition; second, in the Song Dynasty, the punishment of the scholars and doctors was put forward again, and the rights of the scholars were unprecedentedly expanded. The integrated payment of grain by the official gentry was proposed in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and the reason why it could be smoothly implemented was also because Yongzheng was ruthless enough. If you are disobedient, you will kill it directly, and its ruthless methods can be called a unique in the ages.

Therefore, the implementation of the system of integrated payment of grain by the officials and gentry, without the strong opposition of the big families and the privileged support of the scholars, can be said to be the best environment for implementation. Moreover, compared with Jingzhou, Yanzhou, Yuzhou and other states, Youzhou has fewer scholars, and there are not many people who oppose it.

"What do you think is the root cause of the Yellow Turban Uprising?" Seeing that Guo Jia and the others were still pondering, Yuan Chang asked directly. Regarding Yuan Chang's loyalty, Guo Jia and the others naturally have nothing to say. However, their first consideration was the issue of Yuan Chang's rule, and if they proposed that this system was not conducive to Yuan Chang's rule, they would certainly not support it. Without their support, Yuan Chang wanted to implement it smoothly, which would not have been possible. Therefore, Yuan Chang naturally had to convince Guo Jia and them first.

"The reason why the Yellow Turban Rebellion happened was nothing more than the eunuchs who rebelled against the country, the traitors who were in charge, the people who had no livelihood, and then there were foreign races who rebelled, so it happened. ”

Guo Jia didn't even think about it, so he replied directly. But Cai Yong frowned slightly, as if he had an understanding.

Yuan Chang shook his head and said bluntly: "What Feng Xiao said is just a secondary reason, the fundamental reason why the Yellow Turban Rebellion occurred is that the land annexation and the people have no living space, so it will happen." If you think about it, if the people have their own land, they only need to pay a certain amount of taxes, and the rest of the grain is theirs, and if they have a chance to live, who will do such a thing as rebellion, and who would want to tie their heads to their belts?"

Land annexation and thus the change of dynasties have always been the fundamental cause of all dynasties. At the beginning of each dynasty, the people in power were still wise, the taxes were not heavy, and as long as there was no famine or natural disaster, the people could still live, so they would not have the intention of rebellion. However, in the later part of the dynasty, the people in power began to be mediocre, in order to accumulate wealth on a large scale, increase taxes, coupled with natural and man-made disasters, the people had no way to live, how could they not have other ideas? In the hands of the scholars, the court became more and more deprived of money, and the taxes became more and more harsh, and the final consequence was that the land was wantonly annexed, and eventually the contradictions were sharp and caused trouble.

After Yuan Chang's explanation, Guo Jia and others listened to it and found that it seemed to be really the case. However, how to solve such a problem?

Yuan Chang smiled slightly and said very easily: "The land is nationalized, and private individuals have no ownership of land. ”

Communism is the final stage of social development, but the possibility of this stage forming is too low for Yuan Chang to consider at all. Then there is socialism, and then capitalism. Socialism and capitalism have their pros and cons, so there is no need to discuss which is better. The environment in which Yuan Chang lived in his previous life was socialism, and naturally, Yuan Chang chose socialism to implement his ideas.

"What is the word about the nationalization of land?"

Guo Jia and the others found that the doubts that arose today were the ones that they raised the most since they finished studying, but what Yuan often said were some new and unfamiliar words, but they also made them feel interested, and at the same time, they felt that they were very reasonable. Therefore, Guo Jia and others naturally listened to Yuan Chang's explanation very patiently. (To be continued.) )