"You say that the conditions for our country to engage in a planned economy are not ripe, what is the reason?"

Shen Rongru asked very seriously. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info For this closed disciple who was recommended to him by Director Zhang, his interest is getting bigger and bigger. The debate between the planned economy and the commodity economy is quite fashionable these days, and it is not surprising that Feng Xiaochen was able to say a few words. However, Feng Xiaochen thought that the conditions for the planned economy were not ripe, which could be regarded as a new point of view, so new that Shen Rongru felt that he needed to listen to it.

Regarding this issue, Feng Xiaochen had discussed it with some scholars in his previous life, so he was not nervous at this time, and said calmly:

"The idea of a planned economy originated from Marx. The purpose of his thinking was to avoid the contradiction between the development of the two major sectors in the capitalist economy, and to completely eliminate the recurrence of economic crises. This kind of thinking, after Lenin's practice, became a realistic national economic management system, and was applied in socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and China.

However, whether it is Marx's idea or Lenin's idea, the planned economy must be built on the basis of pure public ownership, because only in this way can it be guaranteed that all economic subjects are completely subordinate to the planning authorities' dispatch and will not interfere with the implementation of the plan because of the pursuit of selfish interests. In this sense, public ownership, and pure and pure public ownership, is the basis of the planned economic system. ”

"You mean to say that we are now allowing multiple forms of the economy to coexist, destroying this foundation?" asked Shen Rongru.

Feng Xiaochen shook his head and said, "I didn't mean that. I believe that even before the reform and opening up, we did not have a pure public ownership. Our entire national economy is divided into different levels, which are occupied by tens of thousands of localities and enterprises. ”

Shen Rongru pondered for a moment and said with a smile: "This proposal is a bit interesting, do you think that only by letting the state receive all the power to the central government can it be regarded as pure public ownership?"

"That's true. Feng Xiaochen said, "Teacher Shen, let me give you an example. This time last year, I went to Minnesota Province to deal with a case. The case is very simple: the Lecheng city government secretly connived, and even instructed local farmers to obstruct the construction of the large ethylene project, in order to blackmail the State Economic Commission to approve them to start a television factory.

According to the assumption of the public-owned economy, this kind of thing should not happen at all, because Lecheng ethylene is a national project, and the Lecheng government is the first-level government of the state.

We often say that the means of production are owned by the whole people, but in fact this is not the case. Lecheng ethylene is the State Economic Commission, Lecheng TV Factory is the Lecheng government, these are two completely different stakeholders, they can not achieve the same interests, but can only take the way of interest exchange to achieve cooperation.

In the end, the State Economic Commission had to approve the construction of the Lecheng Television Factory, which is not a planned economy management model, but a typical market economy model, because the two sides achieve transactions through the exchange of interests. ”

Shen Rongru sorted out the situation that Feng Xiaochen said in his heart, and concluded: "Do you mean that you can say that the planned economy requires that all economic entities have the same interests, and there is no process of bargaining. And in our country, of course, the same is true for other socialist countries, where each locality or enterprise has its own interests, and in the process of implementing the state plan, they have to bargain with the state. In this way, this economic model can no longer be regarded as a planned economy, but has the characteristics of a market economy. ”

That's what it means. Feng Xiaochen said, "The market economy uses money as the general equivalent of transactions, while the bargaining within our system is the general equivalent of investment, the supply of raw materials, the position of the leader, and the production enthusiasm of the workers." If you agree to my terms, I will work hard to make your plan come true. If you don't agree to my conditions, I will use all kinds of methods to grind foreign workers, so that your plan cannot be completed.

With money as a general equivalent, the value is clear, and everything can be clearly priced. And with position, production enthusiasm, and so on as a general equivalent, the value is vague. You agreed to my terms, and I can continue to grind foreign workers in order to put forward more conditions. In this way, the planned economy can no longer be talked about, and the advantages of the market economy cannot be brought into play, and this is the worst model. ”

"That's a good point!" Shen Rongru's face was happy. Feng Xiaochen's views were actually what Shen Rongru had thought about. Perhaps it was because he was limited by the old way of thinking, or it was because he subconsciously felt that the planned economy was an option that could not be crossed out, and he did not think about it so thoroughly. Feng Xiaochen decided from the beginning that the planned economy was unsustainable, so he was more open-minded and bold, which inspired Shen Rongru.

"Since a region is a subject of interest, and an enterprise is also a subject of interest, then the responsibilities, rights and interests of each subject should be clarified, and if you want to obtain benefits, you must bear obligations. All transactions are measured in currency, which is called a clear price, as you put it. This idea is indeed a bit new. Shen Rongru said.

Feng Xiaochen said: "The advantage of clearly marking the price is that a project can be bid by different subjects, and whoever offers the lowest price and the best quality will be handed over to whoever does it." Whether it is a state-owned enterprise, a township enterprise, or even a private enterprise, it can undertake state projects if conditions permit. In this way, the bureaucratic style of state-owned enterprises must also be changed, otherwise they will lag behind township and town enterprises and private enterprises in competition. For those enterprises that do not want to forge ahead and fail in the competition, even state-owned enterprises, they must be allowed to go bankrupt, go bankrupt, and withdraw from the market......"

"Stop, stop!" Shen Rongru had to stop Feng Xiaochen, he shook his head and said with a little helplessness: "Xiao Feng, your mind is indeed active enough. However, the pace should be slower and not too impatient. The question of whether or not state-owned enterprises can go bankrupt is still quite sensitive. It is not appropriate for you, as a graduate student, to dabble in such a sensitive theoretical issue right now. ”

"Uh......" Feng Xiaochen was speechless. If it weren't for Shen Rongru's obstruction, he almost wanted to say that state-owned enterprises could not only go bankrupt, but also be annexed by other economic forms, which was a big contradictory view in this era. Shen Rongru stopped him in time, of course, not because he was afraid that the conversation between them would leak out, but to remind him not to say this on other occasions, let alone take this kind of idea as a research direction.

It is not so easy to get society to accept a new idea. After all, China has been engaged in a planned economy for more than 30 years, and if it wants to completely negate it all at once and turn to a market economy, it is inevitable that many people will not understand it, and in the process of this transformation, a series of changes in ownership and management rights will also be involved, and this will not be accomplished overnight. At present, it is very bold to be able to put forward such a theory as a "planned commodity economy", and it is simply impossible to imagine how many obstacles need to be overcome for the introduction of such a theory.

"Xiao Feng, it seems that you are indeed a young man with an active mind and the courage to think, Director Zhang did not misunderstand you. Issues such as the goals, methods, and steps of China's economic structural reform are all worth discussing, and you will have time to study them in the next three years. However, there are some questions that are still theoretically forbidden at the moment, and it's okay to think about them for yourself, but don't speak rashly, do you understand?" Shen Rongru said earnestly.

Feng Xiaochen nodded and said, "I understand, Teacher Shen, don't worry, I will pay attention." ”

Regarding the theoretical forbidden area that Shen Rongru said, Feng Xiaochen actually didn't think so. He knows that these forbidden areas are only temporary, and with the gradual deepening of reform, today's forbidden areas may become tomorrow's smooth road. It was inconvenient for him to tell Shen Rongru these things directly, so he pretended to be well-behaved and agreed to talk about it first.

Shen Rongru didn't know what Feng Xiaochen was thinking, and seeing that he agreed so happily, not like some young people were paranoid, he was quite satisfied. He said: "Xiao Feng is good, no wonder you Director Zhang have to ask me to accept you." You know, on many issues, you have seen farther than I have, and you are more than enough to be your teacher? ”

Feng Xiaochen sweated, and hurriedly said: "Teacher Shen is too exalted to me, I am just a junior high school graduate." ”

Shen Rongru's words just now, of course, were a little exaggerated, just to inspire Feng Xiaochen's self-confidence, and perhaps to show his humility. Following Feng Xiaochen's words, he said:

"It's true that your academic qualifications are a hard flaw. You lack systematic training in economics, and some theoretical concepts are still very vague, which is your flaw. After the beginning of the semester, you should seriously make up for the course of economics, I will make you a list of books, and you can also take time to go to the Institute of Economics and the Institute of Philosophy to listen to lectures and strengthen your theoretical literacy. When the time is right, I will take you to some conferences and go down there to do research so that theory and practice can be combined. ”

"Thank you, Mr. Shen, for your cultivation. Feng Xiaochen said.

Shen Rongru said: "I am your mentor, these things should be done. By the way, Xiao Feng, if you have any difficulties in life, you can also raise them with me, and I will try to help you solve them. In the next three years, we will be comrades-in-arms of the same team, and I hope we will have a happy cooperation. ”

Feng Xiaochen said: "Thank you, Teacher Shen, I will not live up to Teacher Shen's high expectations." ”