The application for web page access is done by a packet, and the length of a packet is 256b, which determines that a packet can only have 13 blocks, which fundamentally limits the number of root nameservers, that is, the root nameservers can only have 13. In previous lives, 10 of them were in the United States, 2 in Europe, and 1 in Japan.

Since the ban on the top-level domain ".iq" in Iraq, countries around the world have been very frightened, and other countries in the world have established their own Internet emergency security systems out of consideration for Internet information security.

CNNIC (China Internet Network Information Center) is a leading figure in China's initiative. As China's domain name management agency, CNNIC has made several big moves: before the establishment of CNNIC, CNNIC moved the CN name server from Germany back to China, which is the premise of mastering the dominance of the national domain name; in 2003, CNNIC began to explore ideas to promote CN domain names by market means; in 2006, CNNIC opened five top nodes to implement disaster preparedness management, as long as the website is used as CN domain name, even if all international lines are interrupted, CNNIC has emergency measures to ensure its resolution; in December 2006, China opened"Root domain name China mirror server" (roughly speaking, the mirror server is the cloned server of the original root server), when the website with the suffix does not need to detour to the United States, only needs to complete the access request in the local area, which will fundamentally improve the domestic network access speed. However, the results of the DNS resolution are eventually rolled over to the root nameserver.

In other words, China does not have root domain name servers for a day, and no matter how many more mirror servers are added, it will only improve the speed of Internet users accessing web pages, and the security problem will still not be completely solved, and the United States, which has 10 root name servers, can still obtain relevant data on China's Internet DNS resolution, which is a very big threat to China's national security.

It's embarrassing that China has the largest number of Internet users in the world, but China doesn't have root domain name servers.

There are only two ways for China to have its own root nameservers, one is to port from countries that now have root nameservers, and the other is to change the status quo where web access requests are done by a single packet. Transplantation is impossible, because the United States will not give, and other countries are not rich. It is even more impossible to change the technical mode of a packet, because the scope and technical changes involved are too large to be realistic.

Officially released on June 23, 2015, Liu Dong, director of the China Next Generation Internet Engineering Center and the first executive chairman of the "Snowman Project", believes that the "Snowman Project" will break the root server dilemma, and the global Internet is expected to achieve multilateral co-governance. For the first time, the "Snowman Project" proposed and practiced the next-generation Internet root server technology scheme of "one naming system, multiple addressing methods", breaking the dogma of "sacrosanctity" and "unchangeable" of the operators of the existing 13 root servers, introducing more root server operators, and at the same time ensuring that a naming system is not destroyed, and truly realizing the vision of "one world, one Internet" of multi-party co-governance. However, although the idea is good, it may take many years of hard work to realize it.

In the era in which Li Zetian is now, on January 1, 1985, the United States officially opened domain name registration. If Li Zetian hadn't traveled over from 2016, he wouldn't have known that the Internet and domain names are so important. Therefore, in the beginning, the United States did not attach great importance to root nameservers, and this was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to establish a root nameservers in Hong Kong. Moreover, at this moment, the United States and the Soviet Union are in the Cold War, and in order to win over China and isolate the Soviet Union, China and the United States are on good terms, and they are in the honeymoon period.

On January 12, 1985, Li Zetian went on a business trip to Sprint Company.

At present, Li Zetian has no excuse to ask the United States to allow it to establish a root server in Hong Kong, but once the submarine fiber optic cable between Hong Kong and the United States is successfully constructed, he will first ask the Hong Kong subsidiary to apply for a domain name, and then Li Zetian can say that in order to improve the network access speed of Hong Kong companies, it is necessary to establish a root server in Hong Kong......

“Mr· Li, you're here!" said Edgar Carr, CEO of Sprint.

Li Zetian nodded, and the two began to chat in the office.

Li Zetian inquired about the construction progress of the submarine fiber optic cable project.

Edgar Carr replied: "Sprint has been preparing since last year, and so far, half of the submarine fiber optic cable project from the coast of California to Hong Kong has been completed, and it is expected to be completed by the end of this year, when Hong Kong will be connected to the NSFNET network and ARPANET in the United States." ”

Li Zetian smiled, very satisfied.

The submarine fiber optic cable project is recognized as a complex and difficult large-scale project by countries around the world, and it is not easy to build.

First of all, the design of submarine optical cable must ensure that the optical fiber is not affected by external forces and the environment, can adapt to the seabed pressure, wear, corrosion, biological and other environments, and must have a suitable armor layer to prevent the damage of fishing boat trawls, anchors and sharks, when the optical cable is broken, reduce the length of seawater infiltration into the optical cable as much as possible, can prevent hydrogen from penetrating into the optical cable from the outside and prevent hydrogen generated inside, has a low resistance remote power supply circuit, can withstand the tension of laying and recycling, and the service life is generally required to be more than 25 years.

Then in the laying process, the boat keeps moving forward, and then flushes a ditch with the underwater robot, puts the fiber optic cable in, and then washes the sediment back with the underwater robot, covers the fiber optic cable, and then keeps moving forward, and when it needs to be connected, it is first connected on the ship, then sealed, and then continues to lay. If the water is too deep for the underwater robot to operate, then the submarine fiber optic cable itself has to rely on the weight of the submarine cable itself to lay on the surface of the seabed.

Li Zetian said very firmly: "With the increase of international communication services, the importance of submarine optical fiber cables is becoming more and more important, and will undertake most of the international communication business, becoming the main carrier of global information and communication." Although there are other methods such as satellites and microwaves that can be used as supplements, they cannot replace submarine fiber optic cables because they have limited channels, which is often referred to as the "frequency band" of wireless communication. So for now, submarine fiber optic cables will be the best solution for international communications!"

Edgar Carr said, "Yes, Mr. Li, I couldn't agree more. Compared with terrestrial optical cables, submarine optical cables also have many advantages: first, laying does not need to dig tunnels or support with supports, so the investment is small, and the construction speed is fast; second, in addition to the landing area, most of the submarine cables are on the seabed at a certain depth, and are not subject to the damage of the natural environment such as wind and waves and the interference of human production activities, so the submarine cable is safe and stable, has strong anti-interference ability, and has good confidentiality performance. It's a cheaper and safer way for users to communicate!"

Li Zetian said with a smile: "That's right, so Sprint company wants to vigorously build submarine optical cables, Hong Kong is just the first stop, and then there are Europe, Japan, South Korea, Australia, South America and other regions waiting for us to explore the market." ”

"Yes!" Edgar Carr nodded.

Next, the company's main business is local telephone, and now the construction and laying of optical cables, it is naturally ready to enter the long-distance telephone business, and when the Internet rises, it can provide Internet access services.

Everything fell into place.

Li Zetian suddenly remembered something at this time and asked, "Do you know anything about GSM?"

This is a new standardization organization established by the European Conference on Posts and Telecommunications, the purpose of which is to develop the European 900MHz digital TDMA cellular mobile communication system (GSM system) technical specifications, the development is very fast, at present, 11 pan-European countries for GSM to provide 8 experimental systems and a large number of technical achievements, and reached a consensus on the main technical specifications of GSM. After a pause, Edgar Carr expressed his opinion, "In my opinion, GSM has a great chance of replacing the first generation of mobile communication technology based on analog technology and becoming the second generation of mobile communication technology standard!"

As he spoke, Edgar Carr observed his words and finally asked, "Mr. Li, are you planning to move Sprint into the mobile communications business?"

Li Zetian smiled and nodded: "That's right, there is this plan, in my opinion, mobile communication is the main way to talk in the future!"

Edgar Carr nodded and said, "I understand, then I will contact the GSM organization later and strive to commercialize GSM in the United States as soon as possible!"

Li Zetian neither objected nor agreed, but continued to ask: "Do you know anything about CDMA?"

Edgar Carr frowned slightly, thought for a moment, and replied: "CDMA is a spread-spectrum multi-access digital communication technology, which was widely used in military anti-jamming communication ...... during World War II."

As soon as Li Zetian saw his expression, he knew that he didn't know much about CDMA technology. "Qualcomm should be established this year, right?" Li Zetian said secretly in his heart.