"Xiaguang Iron and Steel Plant? It is unbelievable that such a private enterprise has actually saved a large state-owned factory. ”

In the capital, in the blues coffee salon, Ding Shikuan listened to Feng Xiaochen's case of Qin Chong, and was full of emotion.

This is another gathering of the strategy class, the students in the class are all engaged in economic work, this kind of gathering can not only enhance everyone's friendship, but also exchange news, which is beneficial to everyone's career development.

"There are many such examples. Wang Zhenbin said, "In recent years, the development of the private economy has been very fast, but the state-owned enterprises are a little sluggish. When chatting with our colleagues in the Planning Commission, they all said that without township and town enterprises and private enterprises, China's economic growth rate in the past few years would have been very ugly. ”

"The situation of state-owned enterprises is indeed very bad, I remember that before I went abroad, state-owned enterprises were still the main force, how can it be like this now? I have stayed in Yubei for half a year, and what I saw is really shocking. Qi Ruicang, who had just returned to the capital from Yubei for vacation, commented that he is now the deputy director of the Yubei Investment Promotion Bureau and is very familiar with the local situation.

Feng Xiaochen said: "Lao Qi, the situation in Yubei is still a bit special, and the situation of state-owned enterprises in central and southern China is not so pessimistic. However, in general, state-owned enterprises are now facing transformation, and it is very difficult, which is a fact. ”

"The burden on state-owned enterprises is too heavy, and it is impossible for state-owned enterprises to get out of trouble without getting rid of these burdens. Shekri said.

"Regarding the current difficulties of state-owned enterprises, I have summarized a few points, and I would like to invite you to listen to them. Ding Shikuan revealed his pedantic nature again and said to everyone.

Everyone put down the food in their hands and waited earnestly for Ding Shikuan to speak. There were originally two students in the class who were academics, but since Qi Ruicang went to Yubei for a temporary job, only Ding Shikuan was left to do academics, and everyone also wanted to hear some opinions from the theoretical community.

Ding Shikuan said: "First of all, I think that throughout the 80s, state-owned enterprises bore the cost of the entire reform. Township enterprises and private enterprises have been able to develop because state-owned enterprises are supporting the entire national economy and have made tremendous sacrifices. ”

"Yes!" said a few classmates unevenly.

Everyone who has personally experienced the reform in the 80s naturally knows how township enterprises and private enterprises developed. Like Nguyen Phuc Gen's Quanfu Company, it usually can't afford to support senior technicians and engineers, and when something happens, it borrows people from state-owned enterprises. It is said to be borrowing, but in fact, state-owned enterprises cannot get a penny. In fact, this is equivalent to state-owned enterprises helping private enterprises to support people, while private enterprises are benefiting.

By the late 80s, more and more employees went to the sea, and those who could go to the sea were often skilled talents. The state-owned enterprise has become a training school with food and shelter, and the students who learn well will graduate and go to private enterprises to make a lot of money, and those who do not learn well will be raised by the state-owned enterprises. The private sector does not need to pay for training, but it has access to the best talent, which is why they have been able to grow rapidly.

As for the fact that private enterprises pry the corners of state-owned enterprises through various illegal means, it is not worth mentioning. A recent example is the situation in the Yuzhong forging machine tool workshop, where the unit pays to send salesmen to pull the business, but the business is pryed back to the private enterprise, which is also one of the reform costs borne by the state-owned enterprises.

"In the early days of reform, if there were no state-owned enterprises to bear these costs, it would be impossible for the private economy to grow. It can be said that state-owned enterprises have made sacrifices for our market economy. Ding Shikuan concluded.

Qi Ruicang shook his head and said with a smile: "Lao Ding, I can't accept your statement, but I can't tell what is wrong with you for a while." Alas, all the things I have been doing in the past six months have been mundane, and all the things I have done at Chiba University have been returned to my teachers. ”

"Haha, it seems that Ruicang is a Nobel Prize winner who was delayed by the director of China Merchants. Feng Xiaochen quipped.

"Practice makes sense, and I don't regret it. Qi Ruicang said, after that, he pointed at Ding Shikuan again, and said, "Let's let Lao Ding continue, I think he summed it up a little interesting." ”

Ding Shikuan continued: "The second point is that the social burden of state-owned enterprises is too heavy. According to the data we obtained from the survey, the ratio of retired workers to active workers in most state-owned enterprises is about 1 to 2, that is, two active employees have to support one retired worker. ”

"The situation in Yubei is even worse than this, almost 1 incumbent and 1 retired. Qi Ruicang said.

Ding Shikuan nodded and said, "The burden of retired employees is not only salary, but also welfare, medical expenses, and so on. In particular, the burden of medical expenses can almost bring down a factory. ”

Wang Zhenbin said: "This is the problem we are studying, that is, to transfer the social burden of state-owned enterprises, establish a comprehensive social security system, and hand over retired workers to the social security system to bear the burden, so that state-owned enterprises can travel lightly." ”

"Kindergartens, nurseries, staff hospitals, etc., should also be transferred to the society, which is also a big burden. Yu Rui added.

"Third," Ding Shikuan continued, "that is the mechanism of the state-owned enterprises themselves, a big pot of rice, people are superfluous, and the operating conditions of the enterprise have nothing to do with the treatment of the leaders, how can such an enterprise be competitive." ”

"It's a complicated question. Wang Zhenbin frowned and said, "The state has mentioned more than once that to change the internal management mechanism of state-owned enterprises, at least it is necessary to smash the iron rice bowl." But now just the laid-off workers of those enterprises that have stopped work have already made us scratch our heads, if those enterprises with good profits also start to lay off redundant personnel, how much employment pressure should be on the whole country, have you calculated?"

"It's very simple, encourage private entrepreneurship and develop small businesses, especially in the service sector. This kind of enterprise has the strongest ability to absorb employment, and I am engaged in this in Yubei. Qi Ruicang said confidently.

Feng Xiaochen said: "The experience of Yubei can indeed be used as a reference. After the spin-off, a large number of redundant employees were absorbed by private enterprises. For example, Quanfu Machinery Company in Haidong Province recruited 300 workers from Yuzhong at once. These people are a burden to state-owned enterprises, and when they get there, they are all treasures. ”

"It's time for these private companies to contribute. Xie Keli said, "Didn't Lao Ding say just now that the reform in the 80s was the cost borne by state-owned enterprises and helped the development of township enterprises." In the 90s, the state-owned enterprises will also start to reform, so it is time for the township enterprises and private enterprises to bear the costs. ”

"Lao Xie said it so well!" Ding Shikuan clapped his palms and praised, "Everyone, this is an idea I especially want to talk to you about today. I found that there is a very essential difference between China's reform and that of the former Soviet Union, that is, China cultivated a new force of private enterprises before carrying out the reform of state-owned enterprises. In this way, when state-owned enterprises begin to reform, private enterprises can assume the role of absorbing employment and maintaining the speed of economic development.

On the other hand, the former Soviet Union also had the problem of institutional rigidity, so it launched the reform of state-owned enterprises. But when its state-owned enterprises began to reform, there was no strong private capital group in society that could bear the cost of reform, so the former Soviet Union collapsed, and Russia is still in deep crisis and unable to extricate itself. ”

"That's a bit of an interesting point. Qi Ruicang said, "I have also thought about the difference between the reform of the Soviet Union and the reform of China, and I vaguely thought of such a point, but it is not as accurate as Lao Ding's summary." In my opinion, the reform in the Soviet Union can be called a radical reform, and the reform in China is ......."

"I call it a gradual reform. Ding Shikuan said.

"Incremental reforms, that's a good point. Qi Ruicang said, "Lao Ding, I think you can deepen this idea a little further and write an article, which should be able to cause a sensation." ”

Ding Shikuan said: "Haha, Lao Qi, I have always wanted to ask you to write this article, your Western economic skills are better than mine, and you will definitely be able to analyze more thoroughly." ”

Qi Ruicang sighed: "Alas, I want to write too, but you look at me now, how can I still be in the mood to write any papers." I won't tell you anything, I'm coming back to the capital this time to make a fortune. ”

"Fate?" everyone was a little puzzled, "What kind of fate do you have?" ”

"Looking for funds. Qi Ruicang said, "I have more than a dozen particularly good projects in my hands, with good ideas and people who can do it, but I lack start-up capital, and it is really difficult for a penny to be a hero." I asked the bank for a loan, but the bank is now tightening the monetary policy, and it is very difficult to get a loan. No, I'll go back to the capital, boss, you belong to the Planning Commission, Lao Xie you belong to the Ministry of Finance, and any of you who leak some money between your fingers will be enough for our laid-off workers there to build the factory. ”

"No, Lao Qi, are you here to open the back door for us?" asked Wang Zhenbin with an exaggerated expression of surprise.

"That's right, it's the back door. Qi Ruicang said confidently. The word "back door" is not very nice, but he is working for the welfare of laid-off workers, not for his own selfish interests, so it doesn't hurt to say it.

Shekli laughed: "Old Qi, you're not right. Aren't you the most opposed to government intervention in the economy? What are you talking about the principle of free market, what kind of entrepreneurial spirit, and what kind of government wants to abandon paternalism? ”

Qi Rui blushed a little, in fact, what Xie Keli said, he himself was aware of it, and his thoughts struggled for many days. But the belief in the free market is always no match for the reality in front of him, he used to be a scholar, it is easy to say something cool, and now that he is an official of China Merchants, he knows how difficult it is to do things.

"Alas, what you get on paper is shallow in the end, and some theoretical things should also be linked to practice. Qi Ruicang said in disguise, he pointed at Ding Shikuan with his hand, and said: "Didn't Lao Ding say that China's reform is a gradual reform." The free market that I want to engage in is also a gradual free market, and now, I will ask you to pull your brothers. ”