The courtyard houses in the capital have a long history, starting from the Jin Dynasty, and have evolved to this day, and are famous in the country and even the world.

If you want to say that there is too much attention to this, it is too much.

Taking the symbolic gate that represents the social status of the owner of the house alone, this door alone can show the family background and dignity of the owner.

For example, in addition to the provisions of the "Qing Huidian Case", the "palace gate" of the prince, the prince of the county, the prince, and the prince of the kingdom have different regulations. The "Guangliang Gate" and "Golden Pillar Gate" of the official eunuchs also have different particularities. The "barbarian gate", "ruyi gate", and "Suiqiang gate" among the people also have a difference in the height of the portal.

Therefore, people often say "door" and "door to door", which is derived from this.

In short, the things contained in this quadrangle can be described as a system of its own. The regulations, forms, and styles of anything are worthy of in-depth study, and tiles, wood, oil, and carving are not simple tasks.

Its specific details, not to mention that most of today's people do not understand, even in the ancient construction bank, not everyone is proficient in it, and it is clear to heart. Let's list them all here, and it's not realistic to say them clearly.

However, if we want to describe the area and scope of the Hong family's house, we only need to figure out two quantitative words first. That is "in" and "across".

As we all know, "Courtyard House" is a general term for the unique courtyard architectural form of Jingshi.

"Four" refers to the four sides of "southeast, northwest, and northwest", and "he" means that the houses on all sides are gathered together and enclosed in a "mouth" shape.

As long as these two requirements are met, they can be called "courtyard houses".

However, due to the difference between rich and poor, the specifications of the house must be different. This simple form of a small courtyard surrounded by a house on all sides can only meet the needs of small households.

Like the private houses of nobles, officials, and wealthy families, there are often several courtyards, with a corridor in front of the main house, a hugging building in the back, and a wing room in the east and west, which is luxurious and spacious. There are many additional facilities inside and outside the courtyard, and there are also gardens.

How can such an extremely complex courtyard house be accurately expressed and distinguished in words?

That's on the word "in" and "across".

To put it simply, "enter" can be regarded as the "meridian" of a set of courtyard houses, which represents the depth of the house.

A courtyard surrounded by houses on all sides is the basic unit of the courtyard, which is called a courtyard house. If there are two courtyards enclosed in which house, it is a two-entry quadrangle, and if there are three courtyards, it is a three-entry quadrangle, and so on.

The magnates of the court, many of them can reach seven or eight, and the saying that "once you enter the Hou Gate, it is as deep as the sea" is not empty words.

However, due to the practical limitation of space, not all houses can develop vertically indefinitely, so some large houses have a horizontal structure

This is the concept of "in" and "across". It can be referred to as "weft" and refers to width.

The principle is the same as "entering", there are as many parallel yards as there are, there are as many "crossings".

Courtyards that are laid out along the central axis are usually called "middle roads", and courtyards that are separated on both sides are distributed according to the direction, and are called "certain roads" across courtyards.

For example, take the old house of the Hong family as an example.

Since Coal Market Street is a north-south street, their house is on the west side of the street.

And because after several generations of expansion, the courtyard of the middle road has gradually been improved to the scale of having a gate, a shadow wall, an outer courtyard, two gates, an inner courtyard, three courtyards, and a backyard.

Their family's old house can be called "a four-entry courtyard house facing east from the west".

Of course, this orientation to the main house is also facing west and east, which is definitely inferior to the orthodox courtyard facing north and south. As the old saying goes, "If you have money, you don't live in the southeast house, and if the east is not warm, it will not be cool in the summer."

But the Hong family later made up for this deficiency with several northern roads and courtyards that were gradually added.

Although it was not possible to juxtapose some of the surrounding homes to maximize the use of space, the new additions were not neat, like a bouquet of scattered flowers.

But after all, these cross-courtyards undoubtedly make the functionality of the overall courtyard more and more perfect.

In the end, the Hong family became a "deep house compound" with a gatehouse, an account room, a carriage room, a porter class, a private school, a living room, a flower hall, a restaurant, a warehouse, a kitchen, a toilet, a garden, and a western-style building.

In fact, to the generation of Hong Lucheng, the building scale of the Hong family has been comparable to the palace and the residence of the royal relatives, the house is tall, the courtyard is overlapped, the front porch and the back building, the courtyard and the garden are connected, it is very much "the first in the south of the city" meaning.

It is no wonder that the house can accommodate hundreds of workers, each leader is equipped with an independent office, and finally there are more than 30 families living in two buildings.

Needless to say, it takes a lot of time to take a good look at such a big house.

In fact, the outer courtyard has nothing to say.

The "concierge" was changed into a "communication room" of the street factory. The two wings on the north and south sides of the outer courtyard were used as warehouses, and the rest of the rooms in the row of "inverted rooms" facing east and west were originally the outer account rooms of the Hong family and the residence of the male servants, and became the "shipping place" for the street factory to pile up and pack finished goods.

In these places, Hong Lucheng and everyone just pushed open the door and took a look at it.

What really made Hong Lucheng stop for a long time was to bypass the shadow wall of the Hong family and enter the Hanging Flower Gate.

This hanging flower gate is not an ordinary door, it must be built on the central axis of the courtyard.

In the old days, it was said that Miss "does not go out of the door, and the second door does not step out". "Ermen" refers to this pendulum gate. Its function is actually the key door used to distinguish the inner house from the outer house.

The pendulum gate is mostly a hall and a roll type in shape, that is, it is composed of a pointed top and a roll shed. Its door leaf is generally four doors, and the top is attached to the bucket square.

In addition to major events such as red and white ceremonies and the arrival of distinguished guests, these four doors are not open on weekdays, acting as the role of the shadow wall of the inner house, and the family members go to the side when they go in and out.

Therefore, it is from the moment you enter this gate, from the verandah to the widest inner courtyard. Hong Lucheng and Wang Yunlin's memories that have been sealed by time for many years have recovered little by little.

Large courtyard house, the north room in the second courtyard is mostly a hall for receiving distinguished guests. There are no extra rooms in the small quadrangle, so this function has to be arranged in the atrium of the north house, and the suites on both sides are still occupied.

In the old days, the distribution of living in the inner house was very strict, and the main house was the most important building in the precinct. Since the ancestral tablet and hall are located in the middle of the main house, it occupies the highest status in the whole house.

The second inner courtyard of the Hong family must be the highest regulation, the main house on the west side is "seven positive and four ears", and the wing rooms on the east and west sides are "five positive ears", and there are twenty-five rooms in this courtyard alone. It is one and a half times larger than the entire eastern courtyard of Kannon-in.

In this courtyard, the two osmanthus trees in front of the main house are also old, and the main trunk branches have caught up with the legs of adults, and because it is a southern tree species, it is very rare to grow in the capital. Under their lush shroud, the main house is also set off more solemn and elegant.

It's a pity that the street factory is a bit abrupt to burn the piano and cook the crane. In order to make it convenient for the workers in front and the leaders in the back to eat, in addition to the east and west wings being used as a paper cutting workshop, the main room was even converted into a factory canteen.

In the eyes of Hong Lucheng and Wang Yunlin, the place that was originally a shrine has been transformed into a window for selling rice, and the smell of sandalwood that used to emanate all year round has been replaced by the strong smell of green onions.

In front of the main house, the smooth concrete floor makes it difficult to find traces of grass. And it was actually connected to two water pipes.

This made them instantly appreciate the vicissitudes of life and feel the power of time.

"Dad, shouldn't all these courtyards be red and green? Why is the color of this pillar in our house black? But don't say it, it's pretty good, and it looks ......solemn."

Just when Hong Lucheng and Wang Yunlin looked at the greasy ground of the main house and shook their heads frequently, Hong Yanwu suddenly asked.

But his question was very interesting, and even Hong Yanzheng and Chen Liquan looked over with concern. Apparently they also want to know the answer to this question.

Hong Lucheng and Wang Yunlin both looked at each other and smiled before Hong Lucheng answered.

"You don't understand. Where can the red and green oil ornaments be used by ordinary people? It must be used by the emperor's relatives or princes and nobles. Your mother's maiden family is qualified. Our family is a businessman, so we can only be plain oil and black ornaments. ”

A few juniors suddenly realized. Especially Hong Yanwu, he understood why the Wang family compound in Pingyao, Shanxi Province and the Qiao family courtyard in Qi County, Shanxi Province, undoubtedly the exception of the doors, windows and columns are all that color.

Because it's just like their house. The heads of those houses were also merchants, and they could not use red and green oil.

As for today's red and green colors that have evolved into all ancient buildings, it is purely nonsense who does not know how to pretend to understand.

It is not possible to talk about transgression now, but culturally, it has undoubtedly lost its original flavor and authenticity. And the red and green oil has also been brought down the grade, which looks quite gaudy.

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(End of chapter)