Until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the "Economic and Mutual Council", a foreign trade organization between the countries of the Warsaw Pact, always adopted a very strange settlement method.

At that time, the official exchange rate of these currencies against the US dollar was extremely inflated. For example, the renminbi against the U.S. dollar, from the late 70s to the mid-to-early 80s, once fluctuated according to 1 dollar to 1.7~2 yuan.

But on the black market, you have to take out at least 8~10 yuan to exchange for 1 dollar. At one point, the difference between the official price and the black market price was as much as four or five times.

(However, compared to the northern rod of later generations, it is a small thing.) The official and black market exchange rates of the northern pole currency against the renminbi are still 17 times different. Moreover, there are no foreign exchange coupons in the north stick, and the official exchange looks the same as the money used by the people.

Therefore, if people who travel to Beibang now, if they have the ability to bypass the surveillance of the tour group, secretly find a black market exchange channel, and directly exchange money with the civilians of Beibang, they can save 17 times their daily expenses. However, if they are discovered, they will be deported. ）

But there is no way to do this, because almost all the countries in the entire economic and mutual association system are calculated as five times higher than the dollar. At that time, 1 ruble could be exchanged for 1 dollar for 5 dollars (3 rubles for 1 dollar on the black market), and if the official price of the yuan did not rise with the ruble, then there would be a huge loss when doing business with Lao Maozi.

As a result, there was a dual-track system in which the internal foreign trade of the Warsaw Pact camp was based on official prices, and the foreign trade of the capital attention camp was based on black market prices. (This is also why in the late '70s and early '80s, the Soviet Union's nominal GDP was not much weaker than that of the United States, because its nominal GDP was multiplied by a factor of five.) ）

Two sets of helium-making machine equipment sold for more than 3 million rubles, which is actually equivalent to 1.3 million ~ 1.4 million US dollars. Compared with the original set of 800,000 US dollars for export to the West, although it has removed a 15% discount, it is still a slight gross profit, and it is not a loss.

What's more, it can also amortize part of the upfront R&D expenses and further improve the process in the order.

Gu Biao calculated that according to the "R&D person in charge of not less than 0.5% foreign exchange earning reward" given by the state, plus the "2% technical team reward" redistributed by the factory, Dad estimated that he could legally get 20,000 rubles.

20,000 rubles is really exchanged for six or seven thousand dollars at the black market price. However, in the middle of 1979, it was an absolute huge amount of money - the term "10,000 yuan household" will not become popular until the end of this year and become an urban legend.

For the first time, Gu Biao had some worries about the policy.

"If you send so much money directly, you won't be hated, right? Can the policy be implemented?" he asked Director Bao privately.

In this regard, Director Bao said that Gu Biao would be relieved:

"Rest assured, the country will not be so unmeasured, it was originally the policy given before this foreign negotiation, even if the benefits exceed imagination, this case will not change. At most, if you encounter a similar situation in the future, make some adjustments based on this experience-

The biggest difference between policy and law is that the flexibility of the revision is high, but for the things before the amendment, it is not retroactive, and we must have confidence in the country's open attitude!"

Gu Biao: "Are you saying that in the future, it is possible to change the two specific ratios of '0.5% and 2%' in foreign technology exports?"

Elder Bao smiled contemptuously: "How can it be so ugly, and how can the country call on intellectuals to work hard? The lowest level, maybe there will be some higher reward amounts, and a guarantee will be set. But if you go any further, you may be able to reduce the proportion. ”

Gu Biao calculated in his heart and immediately understood what Director Bao meant.

For example, it was originally 0.5% across the board, but if it is directly changed to 0.4%, this is a change in the morning and night, which will hurt the country's credit.

However, if it is changed to "if the total amount of foreign exchange earned is less than 100,000 US dollars, 1% will be rewarded, 0.8% between 10~200,000 US dollars, 0.6% between 20~500,000 US dollars, and 0.4% if the total amount of foreign exchange earned is more than 1 million US dollars......"

Then absolutely no problem.

Qualitatively speaking, this is not "canceling the promised benefits", but "refining according to the actual situation", which is an increase or decrease, robbing the rich and helping the poor. In the end, it may be the same as the progressive rate of personal income tax.

After Gu Biao understood, he even secretly wondered in his heart: Has this director of Bao ever done the work of formulating national industrial policies in this regard, so he is so proficient that he doesn't need to make drafts......

This situation is not surprising, although the detailed rules of the new policies of many countries, although they seem to be stamped with the official seal of the National WU Yuan, the vast majority of the text content is directly determined by a group of county-level cadres in a certain ministry and commission.

I don't understand the professional issues on it anyway, I just read it and stamp it.

But in any case, Gu Biao is a free rider, no matter how detailed the policy is in the future, he is absolutely safe and typical.

……

A few days later, Gu Biao called his father's unit to confirm the situation at home.

From his father, Gu Biao learned that the factory had indeed sent the money down without any obstruction.

It's just that the order hasn't been delivered yet, and the North Stick and the Romanians have only given a 30% deposit, so the bonus can only be sent 30% first, and the rest will have to wait for the final payment.

In other words, the Gu family already has 5,000 rubles on hand.

In addition, Dad said that the family also got a lot of canned caviar and Korean ginseng, and even some Cuban cigar coffee rum, so Gu Biao didn't have to send things home.

The luxury goods that Director Bao gave to Gu Biao were all left in the capital to eat by himself or given away.

"Dad, what are you going to do with these rubles? ”

Unexpectedly, my father had already thought about this question and told Gu Biao directly: "I asked, I can order through foreign affairs and ask for a Volga car - that thing will sell for 14,000 rubles in the Soviet Union."

I can pay 4,000 rubles to the factory first, and the remaining 10,000 yuan will be deducted from the follow-up bonus after the balance of the equipment arrives. The factory also encourages this, firstly, foreigners also want to spend less cash and promote more sales, and secondly, the factory also wants to take more credit and deposit a little less final payment. ”

When he heard about his father's decision, Gu Biao could only express his understanding.

If the Soviet car is exported to the West, it will definitely be a bad loss - because the West has to buy this bumpy and noisy oyster sauce at a price of 14,000 rubles equal to more than 20,000 US dollars.

And the cheapest low-end cars of GM/Ford (worse than the Volga II) cost only four or five thousand dollars (excluding taxes) in the domestic market of the United States.

Even if the performance completely surpasses the model of the second generation of the Volga, it will be more than 10,000 points. If you buy a car of the same grade, 8,000 dollars is enough.

However, because China is a social watchful camp, it can buy at the actual official exchange rate of "divided by five", so it is equivalent to spending only 5,000 US dollars. Before the advent of the domestic Santana, the second generation of the Volga was indeed a good choice.

This is also one of the few daily necessities that can be bought in rubles. (The rest of the Soviet exports were heavy industrial equipment that individuals simply did not use.) ）

Gu Biao thinks that it is still too early to consider the start-up capital for business or entrepreneurship, since my father has pedaled a bicycle for most of his life and wants to drive a foreign meat to ride the Volga, then honor him.

Since there is no need to send luxury goods back at home, Gu Biao is happy to give gifts in the capital to digest.

Most of the people he knows in the capital today are classmates, so he doesn't need Cuban rum and ginseng. At most, please have some caviar and chocolate.

He combed through his social relations and found that except for Director Bao, who was himself here to give him benefits, only Ye Kun and Teacher Han needed to exchange courtesies. (Ye Kun can't use it herself, but her family is mixed with officialdom and can use it.) ）

The day after contacting his father, Gu Biao took the opportunity to stuff two bottles of Cuban rum to Ye Kun.

Ye Su excused herself, but Gu Wei sincerely told her: This thing is not for her to drink, it was entrusted to her last time to do something, and to repay the favor to the specific manager.

In the end, Ye Su still accepted it.

Then Gu Biao waited for the end of work and rode a bicycle to the entrance of the department to block Han Ting.

When Han Ting doesn't have official business, she usually rides a bicycle after work. When Gu Biao saw it from afar, he went up to say hello.

"Teacher Han, wait a minute. ”

Han Ting was tall and had long legs, so she stopped the car with her legs stretched out slightly, and looked back and saw that it was Gu Biao: "Xiao Gu, why did you come here." ”

Gu Biao explained: "The ministry helped my father's factory sell two sets of equipment, and according to the new policy, the inventor was rewarded with a commission, so he got some North Korean ginseng back. I can't use it, so I'll give you one, thank you for always giving me the opportunity. ”

WHO KNEW THAT HAN TING'S FACE SUDDENLY TURNED COLD: "WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THIS? DO YOU WANT HUI TO BRIBE ME AND LET ME INTRODUCE YOU TO THE OPPORTUNITY OF FIELD INTERNSHIP NEXT TIME?"

"Uh......" Gu Biao didn't expect the other party to react like this, and he was a little confused all of a sudden.

It's just that the equipment is sold to the North Bang Country, and the North Bang Country can't come up with enough cash, so it takes ginseng to offset the payment, where is this?

He racked his brains to explain: "Han ...... Mr. Han, as you know, I am not this kind of person. It's really that I don't have ginseng at home, and it's bad if I put it away. ”

It can only be said that Gu Biao is too upright, and he has never mixed with the system in his previous life, so he doesn't know anything about the twists and taboos here. It's just a straightforward way to do things according to profit-driven.

Han Ting glanced at him twice and patted him on the shoulder: "I believe you haven't thought it through, don't do this next time." My house is nearby, I can't tell you here, you come with me. ”

Han Ting lives outside the Second Ring Road, so it is not far from the ministry, and ten minutes later, Gu Biao obediently followed Han Ting to her house.

Han Ting poured a glass of water for Gu Biao, asked him to sit on a chair (there is no sofa in her house), and then taught him a lesson:

"Although I haven't taken you a few classes, I'm still your teacher after all—if you become a degenerate who corrupts others in the future, don't blame me for drawing a line with you!"

"I won't!"

"I know, that's why I'm teaching you. Han Ting raised her hand undoubtedly, signaling Gu Biao not to intervene again,

"It's okay to exchange gifts, it's okay to eat, eat and drink, but you must pay attention to sending things. Even if you really have no evil thoughts and send something to the people you respect every year, it's nothing, pay attention to good values, and contact a feeling.

However, if you dare to ask for something from others, give you a heavy gift temporarily, or if someone else helps you and gives them a thank you afterwards, this is absolutely not allowed! This is letting people abuse their power for personal gain! When I recommended you for an internship, I never thought of asking someone like you to repay you. Are you insulting me with ginseng now?"

Gu Biao was a little ashamed and couldn't speak for a while.

He really didn't mean it, he was just too casual.

"Listen to me, if you really want to give a few pieces of ginseng to acquaintances, just thank your teacher, and don't give it to those who have the right to recommend! I don't care how the outside style is raised, but I must avoid suspicion myself—you don't want the school to be filthy and become a classmate who gives me more gifts, so I will give priority to recommending someone for field internships. ”

Gu Biao took the ginseng back in shame.

In the end, Han Ting just opened a bottle of rum brought by Gu Biao, drank a glass with Gu Biao, and then asked him to take the remaining half of the bottle.

"I didn't expect Mr. Han to look so trendy and open, and so self-disciplined in life. In the future, I can only find other ways to repay her. Gu Biao rode his bicycle back to school, and he was quite emotional.

——

PS: It's enough, at present, at 2:20, there are 398 live fans on the web side, so I will add a change as soon as 12 o'clock this evening. Students who don't stay up late can watch it tomorrow when they get up. It is equivalent to three shifts on Monday.