In fact, compared with the modern vernier caliper, in addition to a certain gap in measurement accuracy and the length of the caliper is shorter than that of the modern one, its principle, performance, use and structure are very similar to the modern vernier caliper, which are used to measure and process cylinders and spheres and irregular objects. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

It is not difficult to see that the copper calipers of the Han Dynasty unearthed in China are the original vernier calipers. In addition, in the National Museum and the Beijing Art Museum, each has a new Mang copper caliper from Wang Mang's era, they have measurement scales and chronological inscriptions, both of which are slightly longer than the copper calipers unearthed in Yangzhou, and the claws are slightly shorter, and their shape, structure and combination are basically the same.

Therefore, if you encounter a bronze caliper in the future, don't take it for granted that this is made up by modern people, maybe you will miss a rare antique because of this.

However, after all, this kind of bronze caliper unearthed is rare, and many people have never heard of it, let alone seen it, so Meng Zitao was also curious about it and looked at the caliper in the middle-aged man's hand.

At this time, I heard Mr. Sun say helplessly: "I said Lao Xue, how many times have I told you, this kind of caliper is very rare, and there is no one sold on the market at all, why don't you listen?"

Lao Xue's name is Xue Weiyong, is a senior collector, mainly collects all kinds of bronzes, especially likes to collect some rare bronzes, according to later Mr. Sun told Meng Zitao that for bronze calipers, he has spent at least hundreds of thousands of unjust money.

Xue Weiyong said with a smile: "Teacher Sun, this is different, you can see it by looking at it." ”

At this time, he approached Mr. Sun and whispered, "This is what I watched dug out of the ground, there must be no problem." ”

Teacher Sun shook his head secretly, didn't want to say anything, took the caliper and looked at it, and after a while, he gave the caliper to Meng Zitao again.

Meng Zitao took a look, and the shape of the caliper should not be a problem, but as soon as he looked at the production process, the problem was big, and there was no need to look at details such as patina.

"Old Xue, sometimes, seeing is not necessarily believing. Teacher Sun tactfully stated the results.

Xue Weiyong was shocked: "What, it's wrong again?! shouldn't it, you see how natural this patina is, how can it be fake?"

Mr. Sun said: "Now that science and technology are developed, all kinds of fraud methods emerge in an endless stream, and it is normal for your patina to look fake and real, but if nothing else, the welding technology on your caliper is not right, how can it be true?"

Xue Weiyong was surprised: "This is brazing, I remember that brazing was invented during the Warring States Period, why is it wrong?"

China's ancient welding technology was invented in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and was widely used during the Warring States Period. From the perspective of solder composition, it can be roughly divided into three types: lead-tin soldering, brazing, and silver soldering. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, lead and tin soldering were mainly used, and brazing was invented in the early Warring States period, and records of silver soldering began to appear in the Ming Dynasty.

Mr. Sun said: "You are right, but according to the real thing, it should be more likely to be amalgam welding, and you are high-temperature spot welding." ”

Xue Weiyong retorted: "No, the record of amalgam welding is very late, and I remember that there was no relevant record until the Ming Dynasty." ”

Mr. Sun said: "The relevant records are relatively late, but the age of its invention is not too late. As early as the pre-Qin period, amalgam tin plating was widely used in China, and amalgam welding was not much different from it in terms of process. The solder produced in the bronze of the Jundu Mountain in the capital of the capital is thicker and smoother, and it is possible to use pouring welding or amalgam welding. ”

"I think there's a problem with the brazing metal as well. Since the Han Dynasty's record of 'welding' is relatively simple, it should generally continue the previous technological development. ”

Meng Zitao said eloquently: "The late Spring and Autumn period to the late Warring States period was the mature stage of the development of brazing technology. It is mainly reflected in the improvement of brazing metal. Among them, the brazing metal used in the bronzes unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Qing of the Jin Kingdom and the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in the early Warring States period is already a lead-tin alloy. Among them, the plate unearthed in the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng used a large number of brazing technology in the manufacture of brazing technology, and the brazing material is lead-tin alloy. I think that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the change in brazing metal should not be large. ”

Seeing that Xue Weiyong wanted to refute but couldn't find a reason, Mr. Sun continued: "Okay, let's not talk about this solder joint, let's talk about this patina." You said that the things were unearthed with your own eyes, so let me ask you, the other unearthed things are also from the Han Dynasty, right?"

"Yes, it's from the Han Dynasty. Xue Weiyong nodded, faintly feeling that something was wrong.

"I believe you should have noticed it now, from the Han Dynasty to the present, whether it is a dry pit or a wet pit, do you think it will be such a rusty color? ”

Teacher Sun continued: "If we want to verify, we can use a strong flashlight to irradiate the surface of the bronze to see if there are color spaces. Or use a knife or other tool to remove a piece of patina from the surface of the bronze and observe the exposed color underneath the patina. ”

This is done because the copper color is exposed underneath the pseudo-rust, and the underside of the patina is usually a black-brown or silvery-white oxide film. Although the patina of this bronze caliper is very realistic, the oxide film is still very unnatural, and it certainly does not meet the performance of the Han Dynasty to this day.

Xue Weiyong's experience in bronze identification is actually quite rich, and he didn't think about it because it was dark under the lamp before, but now he sees the problem as soon as he is reminded.

"I said, Lao Xue, can't you learn a little lesson?" Teacher Sun said earnestly.

Xue Weiyong sighed: "Hey, don't talk about it, I'm like this, as soon as I get excited, I forget everything." However, this time I was actually influenced by something else. ”

As he spoke, he took out a rectangular jade, but it was damaged, and a third of one part was already missing.

"Is this Gang Mao or Yan Mao?" Mr. Sun recognized at a glance.

Gang Mao and Yan Mao are square column-shaped or octagonal column-shaped jade pendants, similar to Lezi, which are engraved with charms and inscriptions for exorcism, and are a popular ornament in the Han Dynasty to ward off evil spirits.

The difference between Gang Mao and Yan Mao is mainly in the content and number of words in the inscription, and the inscription is a rhyme with fixed content. According to the historical records and physical verification, the inscription of Gangmao is thirty-two or thirty-four characters, and its inscription is: "The first month of the first month is just Mao, the spirit is in all directions, red, green, white and yellow, and the four colors are dang. There are also those who add the word "both yang" in the first sentence.

Yan Mao's inscription is thirty-two characters, saying: "The day is strict, the emperor orders Kuilong, Shen Er's solid ambush, Huazi Lingzhen, both upright and upright, both Yao and Fang, the plague is just miasma, don't dare to be." ”

Xue Weiyong introduced: "This is Gangmao, when it was taken out of the ground, it was already missing a third, they explained, because the power of the previous explosion was too great, it was damaged, and I found this two-thirds part, I think it is different from other Gangmao jade is of excellent quality, the surface is brown, the carving is exquisite, it should be used by the princes and nobles, so I relaxed my vigilance." ”

When Meng Zitao got this piece of Gang Mao, he found that it was indeed as Xue Weiyong said, and the production process of this piece of Gang Mao was very exquisite.

Generally speaking, the National Museum has very few collections and more private collections. Usually the process is general, because it is mainly used for carving inscriptions, the inscription is also very sloppy, and the characters have a tendency to reduce the pen and simplify. And this piece is very exquisite, if it is a complete vessel, it can be taken to the Forbidden City for exhibition.

Meng Zitao was about to return the Gang Mao to Xue Weiyong, but a detail on the Gang Mao made his heart move, and he observed it carefully, and then said to Xue Weiwen with a smile: "Mr. Xue, I don't know if this Gang Mao can be transferred to me?"

"You want it?" Xue Weiyong was a little surprised.

"Yes, I wonder if you can cut your love?" Meng Zitao didn't make any excuses, but he couldn't tell the truth.

"Well, this is not a ...... of cutting love or not cutting love" Speaking of this, Xue Weiyong noticed that Mr. Sun was giving himself a look, and he also understood the meaning of his eyes, so he said: "If you want it, then I will give it to you, this thing is also given to me, it is not worth anything, you can give it at any price." ”

"This jade quality and carving are very good, even if it is five thousand, how about it?"

"What the hell is a remnant, five thousand is too much, right?"

"Actually, it's not much, in the current market, even if you buy such a big jade material, it's more than 5,000 yuan. And I really like it, as the old saying goes, it's hard to buy a good heart. ”

If it was something else, Xue Weiyong would still think that he had lost his eyes, but he had studied this piece for a long time, and there was no possibility of losing his eyes at all, so he didn't think much about it, so he agreed, anyway, he wouldn't suffer.

Meng Zitao directly gave Xue Weiyong 5,000 yuan and completed the transaction, after which Xue Weiyong also left.

As soon as Xue Weiyong left on the front foot, the police and paramedics rushed over on the back foot, took the young man to the police station, and at the same time took the shrew to the hospital.

It was already noon, and when Teacher Sun saw that Meng Zitao and Feng Zhengsheng were about to say goodbye, he hurriedly invited with a smile: "Teacher Meng, thanks to you just now, otherwise I might also have a bloody disaster, how about having a light meal together at noon?"

Meng Zitao smiled: "Teacher Sun, don't be so polite. I'm just doing it with my hands. ”

At this time, the person in charge next to him interjected: "Mr. Feng, Mr. Meng, speaking of which, our side has some responsibility for what happened just now, and I am very sorry for causing you trouble." If it's convenient, please come to the hotel we booked, and we apologize to the two of you. ”

Thinking that there was nothing to do at noon today, and Meng Zitao was still preparing to come over in the afternoon, coupled with the kind invitation of the person in charge, Meng Zitao and Feng Zhengsheng agreed.

The location of the hotel is not far away, and the environment is also beautiful, which is very in line with the identity of the experts.

When the person in charge arrived with Meng Zitao, the experts were already seated, and several of them recognized Meng Zitao and immediately greeted them, while the experts who did not recognize Meng Zitao also remembered after inquiring.

Regardless of the impression of Mencius in their hearts, at least on the surface, everyone's attitude is very enthusiastic, on the one hand, because Mencius is a close disciple of Zheng Anzhi, and more importantly, because of Mencius's superb calligraphy level.

After a period of greetings, everyone took their seats, a total of more than a dozen experts were divided into two tables, Meng Zitao and Feng Zhengsheng were arranged at the table of the respected experts in comparison, and everyone had no opinion.

Next, everyone pushed the cup and changed the glass, because there was still a treasure in the afternoon, so everyone did not drink but replaced it with juice, but the atmosphere was still very lively.

All of them are well-known experts in the industry, the youngest of whom are in their fifties and sixties, and of course the communication at the dinner table is inseparable from the topic of antiques.

Meng Zitao, as the youngest person here, has a high status, and everyone's attention is also on him, after a while, everyone is more or less surprised, it is really Meng Zitao is too knowledgeable, he can talk about every topic, and he has his own opinions.

At this time, everyone was amazed and admired, but also a little jealous of Zheng Anzhi, who didn't want a good apprentice, it would be great if Meng Zitao could be their disciple.

After the meal, everyone came to the lounge prepared by the organizer to take a rest, an old man specializing in porcelain, pulled Meng Zitao to sit down beside him, and then took out a jade pot spring bottle, and said: "Xiaoyou, how about you help me see this sweet white glaze?"

Meng Zitao was a little surprised to see this jade pot spring bottle, this bottle skimmed, girded the neck, slipped the shoulders, hung the abdomen, and circled the feet. The whole body is decorated with sweet white glaze dark patterns. The neck is engraved with a curly grass pattern and a ruyi cloud head for a week, the abdomen is carved with a broken branch pomegranate pattern, the branches are stretched, the flowers and fruits are beautiful, the pomegranate is ripe and cracked, and the Ganoderma lucidum pattern is lined with a ganoderma lucidum pattern. The foot is decorated with a swastika pattern.

He took the jade pot spring vase in his hand and asked, "Is this Yongle sweet white glaze?"

Elder Gao was a little excited when he heard this: "Yes, I think it's Yongle sweet white glaze, but it's a little uncertain." ”

Sweet white glazed porcelain is a kind of white glazed porcelain created by the imperial kiln factory of Yongle Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. In layman's terms, it is on the very thin carcass, the white opalescent glaze that does not contain iron or has a very low iron content is applied, and then the high temperature roasting restores the extremely white and moist glaze, giving people a "sweet" feeling and sweet meaning, so it is called sweet white glazed porcelain.

More than nine of the porcelain unearthed from the Yongle accumulation layer of Zhushan in the porcelain capital have become white glazed ware, but so far there have been no unearthed pieces of white glazed jade pot spring bottles, but there are several cases of blue and white jade pot spring bottles, which can also be seen that Yongle white glazed jade pot spring bottles are very rare, and in the Yongle white glazed jade pot spring bottles, there are very few examples of dark carving of the hundred child patterns.

If this is a genuine product, it will be worth at least tens of millions.

This kind of heavy weapon made Meng Zitao extremely interested, out of habit, he did not use the ability at first, and carefully observed every detail of this jade pot spring vase.

Yongle sweet white ware was created and developed on the basis of Shufu porcelain. In the refining of the tire, increase the proportion of kaolin, and after multi-layer filtration and smelting, remove impurities, strengthen the toughness of the carcass, make the blank thinner, more fine white, and increase the composition of aluminum, so that the firing temperature increases, most of the Yongle sweet white ware is in a semi-detached state.

In the compatibility of the glaze, the iron component is removed, the glaze is bright white and slightly beige, and there is a lake green phenomenon at the glaze. Therefore, Yongle sweet white glaze is not the whiter the better, its white has a degree, too high and too low is not a treasure.

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