The cultural development of the Great Song Dynasty is one of the most prosperous eras in the history of China, and it is also one of the most prosperous eras in terms of economy, culture and education. Driven by the all-round development of culture www.biquge.info the innovation and application of new technologies have reached their peak, and science and technology have made great progress. When it comes to science and technology, the first thing we have to say is the four great inventions of ancient China that have a profound impact on China and even the world. It is a matter of pride that three of these four major inventions are in our Great Song Dynasty. With a compass, ocean voyages are possible. Bi Sheng, a commoner in the Northern Song Dynasty, invented movable type printing, which was about 400 years earlier than J. Gutenberg movable type printing in Germany, which was necessary for the development of civilization. And gunpowder changed the history of human warfare.

Karl Marx said that gunpowder, the compass, and the printing press - these are the three great inventions that heralded the coming of bourgeois society. Gunpowder blew the knightly class to pieces, the compass opened the world market and established colonies, while the printing press became an instrument of religion and, in general, a means of scientific revival, the most powerful impetus for the creation of the necessary prerequisites for spiritual development. And Francis Bacon said: We should pay attention to the power, efficacy, and results of these inventions. As you will see, these inventions are far less remarkable than the three major inventions: printing, gunpowder, and magnets. For these three great inventions, first in literature, secondly in warfare, and thirdly in navigation, have changed the face and state of many things in the whole world, and have produced so many changes as a result, that no empire, no faction, no planet, seems to have a greater impetus and influence on human affairs than these technological inventions. ”

One child tilted his head and said to the other: "Why does Brother Xiaofei always give up the names of foreigners who are very weird and awkward, are they very famous, why don't I know any of them." ”

Another child suddenly realized after thinking for a while, "You don't know this, as the saying goes, Wang Po sells melons and sells herself to boast, if we people in the Great Song Dynasty say good things about themselves, then it will become boasting and arrogant? How can people be so convinced? Besides, when you see those foreigners in the Great Song Dynasty looking at us with envy and jealousy, many people are happy and don't want to go back to their own country?"

Xiao Fei continued: "There are countless other inventions of the Great Song Dynasty, large and small, and half of the known important inventions in Chinese history came from the Song Dynasty. The most important of the Great Song Dynasty is a hundred great inventions. Such as cannons, drilling techniques for deep wells, watertight bulkheads, canal locks for double locks, mines, muskets, and grenades. It was first invented in China, in 1000 A.D. the Northern Song Dynasty appeared called "fireball" firearms, the military book "Wujing General Essentials", has contained thunderbolt fireball, terrestris fireball, ** fireball, smoke ball, fireball and other hand-thrown ammunition, which can be regarded as the earliest prototype of hand grenade. Poison gas bombs, used many times by the Song army, flamethrower - the application of a double piston to the oil pump to continuously spray flames, was widely used by the Song army. Fireworks - mainly used in military affairs, grand ceremonies or performances. Chinese Chess, Shilin Guangji, records the earliest chess games that can be seen so far, more than 200 years earlier than those in the West. Nunchucks - Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin founded, called large plate dragon stick and small plate dragon stick. Lifebuoys, mines - the Song army used "gunpowder cannons" (i.e., iron-shelled mines) buried in the ground, and the most amazing thing about the time-telling robot - the copper kettle leakage in the Song Dynasty is that it has a robot that can tell the time, by the way, we don't call it a robot here, it's called a cymbal god - "Xiao Fei said too fast, blurted out the scientific and technological vocabulary that only has modern society, he smiled embarrassedly, and continued: "It will automatically hit the cymbal every quarter of an hour to signal the time 8 times, everyone says it's very powerful?"

The children below applauded, and Xiao Fei continued to say in a low voice: "The Great Song Dynasty is the peak of Chinese astronomy, and there are Su Song and Han Gonglian's water transport instrument elephant platform in terms of instruments. In terms of calendar formulation, Yang Zhongfu made a celestial calendar, with 365.2425 days as the length of a year. I thought to myself: "When I watched "Interstellar" in modern society before, I was amazed that the black holes made by other people's movies were so realistic, but I didn't expect that the astronomy of our Great Song Dynasty was so powerful, which is exactly the same as the Gregoric calendar that is now used in the world." ”

Listening to Xiao Fei continue to say there with great interest: "The traditional medicine of the Great Song Dynasty has made great progress in the Song Dynasty, not only the medical prescription has become more and more refined, but also produced different medical theories and schools, and the development of medicine is obvious. In terms of pharmacology, the Song Dynasty published a number of Materia Medica, among which Tang Shenwei's "Materia Medica" written by Tang Shenwei was the most authoritative, but it was later replaced by the "Compendium of Materia Medica".

Not to be outdone in mathematics, the famous mathematicians are Qin Jiushao, Li Zhi, Yang Hui, they have outstanding performance in the joint one-time co-congruence solution, the numerical solution of higher-order equations, the elimination method of one-dimensional multiple equations and multivariate higher-order simultaneous equations, and the summation method of higher-order difference series. ”

Xiao Fei listened to Xiao Fei's passionate speech, reverie after revery, because I am a Song person, Chinese and proud, but at the same time proud of a sense of loss: "Song has various core technologies, all inventions are far ahead of the world's advanced level, is a society full of infinite vitality and creativity. But looking at the modern society, all kinds of foreign brands are popular all over the world, while our national brands are rarely cared for, let alone rushing out of Asia and going to the world. In terms of electrical appliances, foreign brands are an overwhelming trend, and only Apple-led mobile phones and computers are the first to look forward. As soon as the new product was released, there were many loyal fans around the world waiting in long lines, day and night. The competitiveness of our national brand is very weak, all kinds of core technologies in the hands of other countries, how many leading core technologies do we have to compete with? And how many outstanding talents continue to innovate in science and technology? In addition to continuous imitation, that is, imitation, and even described as a copycat China by other countries, and once upon a time, not only in the Song Dynasty, in the Tang Dynasty, in the Han Dynasty, we are far ahead of the world, standing proudly in the forest of the world, when can our modern China regain its vigor and re-establish itself at the top of the world?"

Xiao Fei continued: "The Great Song Dynasty is a society of free speech and free speech. The Song Dynasty's party struggle was principled, that is, not killing people was the first priority, and the main thing was to degrade officials, and such a practice was very rare in history. Soon after the founding of the Song Dynasty, Taizu set up an oath monument in the Taimiao, one of which was 'not to kill the scholar doctor, and to write the word to the person.' Song Taizong also said proudly: "I am a scholar and I have nothing to bear." The scholars also dared to take state affairs as the basis and boldly express dissenting opinions to the emperor.

Therefore, while the economy and society were developing greatly, the political situation of the Song Dynasty was generally relatively clear. There is neither the dictatorship of eunuchs and relatives, nor the interference of concubines in politics, nor the division of local forces. Under the influence of the tradition of not killing people by speech, the culture has developed considerably, and those who disobey the will are exiled at best, and no one is executed for it. The ministers talked loudly in the court, spoke freely, pointed out the country, exalted the words, and were high-spirited, fighting for a red face, and they didn't need to look at the emperor's face. It is no wonder that some people say that the Great Song Dynasty was 'above the temple, the monarchs and ministers argued, and in the rivers and lakes, scholars pointed out the country'. ”

Xiao Fei spoke happily, out of control, and continued to gush, saying like a river: "But it is precisely because of the inaction of the emperors of the Great Song Dynasty that there is the infinite enlightenment of the politics of the Great Song Dynasty, and there are scholars who take the world as their own responsibility. The sky of the Great Song Dynasty is bright and starry, and there are many talents. Out of the talented eight Tang and Song Dynasty eight families of the eight families, out of the famous thinkers such as Zhou Dunyi, Zhu Xi, out of the great historians such as Sima Guang, Zheng Qiao who left a heavy work. The Great Song Dynasty became a paradise for intellectuals, a golden age of ideological and cultural development in Chinese history, and an era that later generations of literati yearn for and look forward to. It is precisely because of this that Chen Yinke has repeatedly advocated that 'Tianshui once thought is the freest.' ’

That's why there was Kou Zhun grabbing Song Zhenzong's sleeve and asking him to accept his advice, and Yang Yi's amazing act of refusing to draft an edict to let Song Zhenzong touch the ashes because of Song Zhenzong's sealing, and then Wang Anshi's arrogant words of "the mandate of heaven is not enough to fear, the words are not enough to obey, and the law of the ancestors is not enough to use" to the Great Song Emperor, and Bao Zheng fought with the Great Song Emperor because of the official arrangement, and the saliva sprayed the emperor's face, but these "disrespectful" words and deeds were not punished in any way. What's more, some Sichuan veterans have only issued incendiary reactionary remarks -- 'Burn the Broken Sword Gate to the Zhan Pavilion, and Chengdu will not be a mess.' And when the Emperor of the Great Song Dynasty found out, he said lightly: "This is Lao Xiucai, who is eager to be an official, and writes a poem to vent his anger, how can he punish crimes." It's better to give him an official to do it. So the beauty of the adult was awarded to join the army as a household. This is a great crime in other dynasties, but you can still be promoted to become rich, such a whimsical and incredible thing, but in the Great Song Dynasty became possible, for the Great Song Emperor, what kind of humble mind and mind is needed? Every time I think of governance, I am really moved and admired. ”

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