We hurriedly took advantage of the misty night, to the northwest to ride horses and gallop away, in front of is an incomparably familiar majestic and tall pass - Yumen Pass, according to legend and Khotanese jade through this input to the Central Plains and get the name, it is located in the territory of Dunhuang City at the west end of the Hexi Corridor, located in the northwest of Dunhuang City about 90 kilometers, one of the two passes in the west of the Han Dynasty, is the silk ancient road west out of Dunhuang into the Western Regions North Road and the Middle Road must pass through, since ancient times for the Central Plains to enter the Western Regions of the gateway. The pen "fun" pavilion www.biquge.info Yumen Pass, also known as the small square pan city.

Yumen Pass stands tall on a sand and stone hill outside the city of Dunhuang and was built around 111 BC. It is the throat pass of the Silk Road leading to the northern route of the Western Regions, and is located in the Gobi Desert in the northwest outside Dunhuang City. The city is square, the surrounding city wall is well preserved, it is rammed for yellow rubber soil, and two gates in the northwest are opened. The city wall is as high as 10 meters, 3 meters wide on the top, 5 meters wide on the bottom, well preserved, 24 meters long from east to west, 26.4 meters wide from north to south, an area of 633 square meters, open a door in the northwest, there is a female wall, there is a horse road under it, people and horses can go straight to the top, stand on top of the gate, raise your eyes and look into the distance, only to see a silence all around, dark, all silent, quietly, if you come in the daytime, it must be magnificent, you can see the endless, the magnificent scenery of the Gobi, the ethereal mirage, the natural sleeping Buddha in the form of the realistic and the psammophytes in the Gobi, the boundless, the vast and magnificent golden desert, you can see the ravines vertically and horizontally, the Great Wall winds, the beacon stands upright, poplar upright, spring water green, red willow flowers, reeds swaying, complement each other, camel bells are long, passers-by, hurrying, caravan travelers, endless, thriving, prosperous. But now it is the night of the third watch, I can only see a bend of the bright moon under the boundless black desert, which makes people fascinated, relaxed and happy, for a while, mixed feelings, nostalgia, spontaneously, tears like rain, involuntarily remembered the great poet of the Tang Dynasty Chen Ziang's "Song of Dengyouzhou" before the ancients, after not seeing the comers. Thinking of the world and the world, I was alone and wept.

Hu Jiaojiao asked puzzledly: "Why is this place called Yumen Pass, the name is quite beautiful——"

Brother Hugh said: "There is a beautiful and moving legend about the origin of the name of Yumen Pass. Legend has it that after the Silk Road was opened, caravans from the Western Regions passed through it in an endless stream. Hetian jade, a specialty of Khotan, was also continuously transported to the interior through here. In order to exchange for a large amount of silk from the Central Plains Dynasty, the king of Khotan sent officers and soldiers to escort and transport jade. After being escorted several times by the officers and soldiers, a strange thing happened - the camels carrying the jade foamed at the mouth and fell unconscious as soon as they entered the city. The escort officer was helpless about it. An old man pulling a camel told the escort officer: The camel was sick when it entered the customs, and there was a reason for it. We have been transporting jade through this place for many years, and we have never sacrificed to the gods. If you don't sacrifice again, I'm afraid you'll get sick on the next trip. The escort officer asked: In your opinion, how can we eliminate diseases and disasters and ensure the safety of people and animals? The old man said: Use high-quality jade and inlay a circle on the gate of this city, so that the gate will have a glorious glow, and the god will be happy. The escort officer did according to the old man's suggestion, and the camel plague was eliminated and arrived in Chang'an safely. Guancheng is called Yumen Pass because the city gate is built with a circle of shining jade. ”

Hu Jiaojiao continued to ask curiously: "Then this Yumen Pass looks quite ancient, how old is it now?"

Wang Gongzi gushed out: "The establishment of Yumen Pass, since the time of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, has a history of thousands of years, and was first placed when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened the road to the Western Regions and set up the four counties of Hexi. In the Han Dynasty, it was the gateway to all parts of the Western Regions, so the site was in the small square city in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province. The Great Wall between Jiuquan and Yumen was built in Yuan Ding or Yuan Feng, and Yumen Pass was set up. According to the "Hanshu Geographical Chronicle", Yumen Pass and another important pass, Yangguan Pass, are both located in Longle County, Dunhuang County, both of which are the administrative offices of the Duwei and are important places for troops. At that time, the Central Plains and the Western Regions were indispensable for traffic through two passes, which were important military passes and Silk Road traffic arteries during the Han Dynasty. Hanban has been in the desperate domain for a long time, and he thinks of returning when he is old, and he writes that the minister does not want to go to Jiuquan County, but he wishes to be born into Yumen Pass.

Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the warlike Xiongnu have posed a great threat to our Great Song nation. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu defeated Donghu in the east, chased the Dayue clan in the west, occupied Hexi, and used Hexi as a base to repeatedly violate the Han realm. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, it adopted a policy of peace and proximity towards the Xiongnu, hoping to exchange for temporary tranquility. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he abandoned the policy of peace and proximity and launched a large-scale military counterattack against the Xiongnu. In the second year of Yuanzhen, the hussar general Huo Qubing led his troops to the west and dealt a heavy blow to the right of the Xiongnu. In the same year, the Han River was divided into two counties, Wuwei and Jiuquan. In the sixth year of Yuan Ding, Zhangye and Dunhuang counties were added, and Yumen Pass and Yangguan were built at the same time. Since then, Yumen Pass and Yangguan have become important passes set up by the Western Han Dynasty in the western part of the Hexi Corridor.

After returning to the Han Dynasty, the passage from the interior to the Western Regions and European countries was opened, and China's unique silk was continuously transported to the West, and Western music, religion, grapes, pomegranates, walnuts, alfalfa, etc. were also introduced to China. People are accustomed to call the Silk Road, which starts from Chang'an in the east and connects the three continents of Asia, Europe and Africa, and is thousands of miles away. This road is divided into two roads from the west of Dunhuang, one goes out of Dunhuang to the northwest through Yumen Pass and Shanshan to the north, called Tianshan North Road, and the other goes out of Dunhuang to the southwest through Yangguan and Annan Dam, and goes south along the Taklamakan Desert, called Tianshan South Road. Therefore, Yumen Pass and Yangguan Pass have also become important checkpoints on the Silk Road to the West, and are important stops for westbound merchants and military generals. "This Wang Gongzi is well-read, rich in historical knowledge, rich in learning, these things that we can only search for on Baidu, and things that are very esoteric to read are a piece of cake for Wang Gongzi, he blurted out proudly.

Not to be outdone, Xiao Fei said: "Wang Gongzi is really knowledgeable, and his words remind me of a well-known and well-known poem, that is, Wang Zhilian's "Liangzhou Ci": The yellow sand is far above the white clouds, a lonely city and ten thousand mountains. Why should Qiang Di complain about the willows, the spring breeze does not pass the jade gate. ”

Hu Jiaojiao laughed heartily while jolting forward on horseback: "Yes, yes, we can have a game of Tang poetry solitaire, this poem must have the word Yumen in it, okay?" Zeng Lu also clapped his hands and said: "Okay, good, this idea is good." ”

We couldn't help but rush to talk about Tang poems, and a Tang poem solitaire came on horseback, and said it in a few words, Garfield said Wang Wei's "Weicheng Song": Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow-colored. Persuade you to have a glass of wine, and there is no reason to go out of Yangguan in the west. Quicksand said Luo Bingwang's "Giving Away the First to Return the Confidant in the Army": Peng turned around and went into service, and the melon was not returned. The soul is lost in the golden que road, and the jade gate is broken. Dedicated to Kaiduo ashamed, on the seal of a few thanks. The wind and dust urge the white head, and the years damage the red face. The geese fall low in autumn, startling the twilight bay. Hu Shuang is like a sword, and Han Yue is like a knife ring. Don't back the garden tree, acacia climbs a few times. Hu Jiaojiao blurted out Wang Changling's "From the Army": Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain, the lonely city looks at Yumen Pass. The yellow sand wears gold armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will not be returned if it is not broken. Wang Gongzi said Wang Changling's "Out of the Stopper": Qin, Mingyue, Han, and the Long March have not yet returned. I said Hu Zeng's "Alone Missing": Yuguan has its own atmosphere, and he has not returned to the army when he is young. The dust outside the door condenses the music pavilion, and the incense by the water is extinguished according to the song platform. Where is the moon in the night, and the curtain rolls the spring breeze and swallows return. Thousands of miles of loneliness are scarce, and the heart is not forbearing. There is also Hu Zeng's "Song Epic: Yumen Pass": Xirong did not dare to cross the Tianshan Mountain, and Dingyuan succeeded in white horse leisure. In the middle of the night, the candle sat in the tent, and Wei Sisheng entered the jade gate. Wang Gongzi said Liu Zhongyong's "Recruiting People's Grievances" again: the years of Jinhe and the Jade Pass, the court Ma Ce and the knife ring. The snow returns to the green mound in three springs, and the Yellow River surrounds the Black Mountain. Hu Jiaojiao took the lead in saying Li Bai's "Guan Shanyue": The bright moon rises out of the Tianshan Mountains, and the vast sea of clouds. The long wind is tens of thousands of miles, blowing the Yumen Pass. Hanxia Baideng Road, Hu peep into Qinghai Bay. came to the battlefield, but no one returned. The soldiers looked at the border towns, and thought about how bitter they were. High-rise buildings are at this night, sighing is not idle. In the end, it was Xiao Fei's turn again, he was short of words for a while, and after thinking about it for a long time, he racked his brain to think of Zhang Yanghao's "Double Tone, Drunk East Wind" in the Yuan Dynasty: Ban Dingyuan floated in the jade pass, and Chu Lingjun was haggard and Jianggan. Li Si has a yellow dog sadness, and Lu Ji has a Huating sigh. Zhang Cambodia's old age came to suffer. I flowed Su Zizhan four or five times. Therefore, the fame is lazy. Everyone said that they had never heard this song at all, and he couldn't help blurting out Yang Changjun's "Biansai Ci" in the Qing Dynasty: The generals have not returned to the west, and the children of Huxiang are full of Tianshan. The newly planted willow is 3,000 miles, attracting the spring breeze to Yuguan. As a result, everyone said in unison that they hadn't heard it, and it wasn't Xiaofei that you wrote it yourself, but it's still good. Everyone talked and laughed, and unconsciously rode their horses for a long time.