We saw the bustling street is the leisurely Tibetans in Tibetan robes shuttling through the downtown area, their clothes are still so distinctive, colorful and green, and occasionally walking through the monks in red robes with hurried looks, Hu Jiaojiao looked at all kinds of Tibetans, endless streams, and asked curiously: "By the way, how did these Tibetans originate?"

When Xiao Fei was in Lizhou before, he used to talk about the history of Tibet, which was full of excitement and gushing, like a living encyclopedia. Now he wasted no time in saying: "This is simple, listen to me and you talk about it in detail, I will reluctantly make it difficult for you to open up the truth, and tell a long story short about the history of Tibet." Xiao Fei is better as a teacher, it is estimated that he has not taught history to children for a long time like in Lizhou, he said on a whim: "The Tibetans first originated from an agricultural tribe in the central region of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. According to archaeological discoveries, as early as 4,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Tibetan people lived and multiplied in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. According to Chinese historical records, the Tibetans belonged to a branch of the Xiqiang people during the Han Dynasty. Like many of the ancestors who went through the Stone Age, the Tibetan ancestors first went through the stages of group gathering and hunting, and gradually learned to raise and farm. The Tibetan ancestors in the Yalong area on the south bank of the Brahmaputra River were later divided into six tribes, namely the six yak tribes. In the 6th century, the leader of the Yalonian tribe became the leader of the tribal alliance and was called king. At this time, a slave society had been entered. According to Tibetan historical records, the ancestor of the Tibetan royal family rose in the Yalong River valley in the Shannan region of Tibet, and was the leader of the Six Yak Tribe, which had been passed down for more than 20 generations before Songtsen Gampo. When entering the patrilineal clan society, traces of the matrilineal clan stage can also be seen in the mother-son joint names of the first generations of leaders. In the 6th century, Shannan was known as the leader of the Sibuno tribe and formed an alliance with its neighbors and respected it as the leader of the alliance. At that time, there were more than 10 other ethnic groups in Tibet, such as Yangtong, Pengbo, Subi, and Gongbu, all of which had entered a slave society. The leader of the Yalong tribe became the leader of the tribal alliance, called Zanpu, and established a slave dynasty that called itself Bo.

At the beginning of the 7th century, Chinese history entered a new stage. The Tang Dynasty established a strong unified regime, ending more than 300 years of chaotic division in the Central Plains. At the same time, the Tibetan national hero Songtsen Gampo annexed more than 10 tribes and tribes, unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and formally established the Tubo Dynasty with the capital of Luosa. During the reign of Songtsen Gampo, he was determined to repair the Tang court and absorb the advanced production technology and political and cultural achievements of the Tang Dynasty. In 641 A.D., he married Princess Wencheng, the daughter of Tang Taizong. Songtsen Gampo also introduced production technologies such as wine-making, milling, and paper and ink from the Tang Dynasty, sent the children of nobles to Chang'an to study poetry and calligraphy, and hired Han literati to serve as a scholar in the Tibetan Dynasty, maintaining friendly relations with the Tang Dynasty in political, economic, and cultural aspects. Tang Gaozong named Songtsan Gampo as the commander of the attached horse and the king of Xihai County, and later promoted to the king of Bin. Songtsen Gampo laid the foundation for the friendship between Tubo and the Tang Dynasty for more than 200 years. In 710 A.D., the princess of Tang Jincheng carried tens of thousands of embroidered brocades, a variety of technical bookboxes and a variety of utensils should be used into Tibet, marrying the king of Tibet, Chide Zuzan. After Princess Jincheng entered Tibet, she funded Buddhist monks in Yutian and other places to build temples in Tibet to translate scriptures, and asked the Tang Dynasty for classics such as "Mao's Poems", "Book of Rites", "Zuo Chuan", and "Selected Works". In 821 A.D., the Tibetan king Chirebajin sent three times to Chang'an to ask for an alliance. Tang Muzong ordered the prime minister and other officials to hold a grand ceremony with the officials of the Tubo League in the western suburbs of Chang'an. The following year, the Tang Dynasty sent Liu Yuanding and others to Tibet to seek an alliance, and formed an alliance with the Tibetan monk Xiangbo Xibu and the great minister Shang Qixiner and others in the eastern suburbs of Lhasa. The meeting was in the first and second years of Tang Changqing, and it was known as the Changqing Alliance. The two sides reaffirmed their historical friendship with their nephews and uncles, who were members of the same family, and discussed the unity of society in the future. There are three stone inscriptions of the Tangfan League Monument that record the content of this meeting, which are also called the Changqing Alliance Monument and the Nephew Association Monument, which are erected after the Eighth Alliance, and one of them is erected in front of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. In the three to four hundred years that followed, the Tibetans were inextricably linked with us, the Tangut, Liao, and Jin regimes. In 842 AD, the Tibetan Dynasty was divided and collapsed due to the strife within the royal family and the scuffle between tribes and border generals, and many local forces that did not belong to each other appeared. They fought against each other for more than 400 years. At the same time, from the 10th to the 12th centuries AD, Tibetan Buddhism was accepted by all strata of Tibetan areas and gradually penetrated into all areas of Tibetan society. The upper-class figures of Buddhism are often closely integrated with local leaders and use each other, forming a **** feudal system in Tibetan history.

From the end of the 9th century, the internal contradictions of the Guo people gradually deepened, and Tibet fell into a long-term state of division and separation, and formed the Ali royal line, the Yaze royal line of Later Tibet, the Yalong Juea royal line of Shannan, and the royal line of Lhasa of Former Tibet. They operate independently and do not belong to each other, and sometimes they often invade and plunder each other for their own interests, and wars of all sizes are frequent. During this period, Buddhism was accepted by all strata in Tibetan areas, and gradually penetrated into all areas of Tibetan society. During the Song and Jin dynasties, the Tibetan local authorities strengthened their ties with the central government, and some local leaders were canonized by the central government. The trade between Tibet and Han China, such as the exchange of tea and horses, has developed greatly. ”

Xiao Fei paused, swallowed his saliva, and continued to sprinkle, and said unfinished: "By the way, in the autumn of 1244, the Mongolian king Kuoduan successfully held the Liangzhou Alliance on behalf of the Mongol Khanate and the living Buddha Sakya Pandita of the Sakya sect in Tibet. I touched him a few times and reminded him that he had already talked too much, and that the Song Dynasty had long passed, but he was on the rise, and he turned a blind eye to me, ignored my good intentions, and continued to talk endlessly, with great interest: "In 1271, the Mongol Great Khan Kublai Khan named the state Yuan, and Wusi-Tibet became part of the unified multi-ethnic Great Yuan Empire, and Tibet became part of the unified multi-ethnic Great Yuan Empire. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Central Organization General System Institute was set up for the first time, and in 1288 it was renamed the Xuanzheng Yuan, which was in charge of national Buddhist affairs and military and political affairs in Tibet and other places. The envoy of the Xuanzheng Yuan is generally concurrently served by the prime minister, and the deputy envoy is a monk recommended by the emperor. Emperor Yuan gave the leader of the Sakya sect, the Ba Si Pa Wen iron and gold tablets, to check the households, set up post stations, collect taxes, garrison troops, appoint officials, and promulgate the Yuan Dynasty's criminal law and calendar in Tibet. Tibetan monks and laymen are appointed to serve as senior officials from the central to the local level. The establishment of administrative organs in Wusizang, Duogan, and other places, as well as the appointment, dismissal, promotion, promotion, reward, and punishment of officials, are all subject to the orders of the central authorities. Tibet's local administrative regions are divided. The central government of the Yuan Dynasty set up three unrelated Xuanzhi envoys in the Tibetan area, all of which were directly under the management of the Xuanzheng Yuan, which is the "three districts" mentioned in the Tibetan history books. As far as the area of the present-day Tibet Autonomous Region is concerned, it was under the jurisdiction of two of the Propaganda Missions at that time: present-day Lhasa, Shannan, Shigatse, and Ali were under the jurisdiction of the Uszang Propaganda Division, and the area around present-day Qamdo and the eastern part of the Nagqu Prefecture were under the jurisdiction of the Duogan Propaganda Division. The Yuan Dynasty checked the household registration in Wusizang and other places, established errand service, collected taxes, established post stations, stationed troops, and guarded the frontier. The Wusi Tibetan Propaganda Division was located in Saskar, now Sakya, Tibet, with 13 10,000 households and several 1,000 households, and collected taxes. This division in the Yuan Dynasty became the basis for the evolution of Tibet's administrative divisions. ”

Hu Jiaojiao listened to Xiao Fei shaking her head and shaking her head, her eyebrows fluttered for a long time, and finally patiently listened, she sighed with relief, opened her pink cherry mouth, and said in a trance: "Oh my God, you are chattering, talking for a long time, I have heard my head big, I have never heard of many things you say, I don't understand at all, what BC, what does it mean? What is Yuan, the Mongolian Han Kublai Khan, I have never heard of it." ”

Xiao Fei muttered: "I actually saw it in an ancient book that I accidentally found in the back mountains of Lizhou, and they may not be the same as our name." Hu Jiaojiao thought about it for a long time, but she was still puzzled, so she had to shake her head vigorously and not think about it. However, Duan Gongzi and Wang Gongzi, who like history, listened to it with relish, indulged in it, were full of interest, and were very interested, and they couldn't stop nodding in praise.

I couldn't help whispering to Xiao Fei: "You said too much, you see how many years now, you see that you talk about it freely, you forget nothing, just now I reminded you, but you are happy to talk about yourself, and you ignore me at all, but you memorize this history very well, as written in a textbook, not bad, it seems that back to the Great Song Dynasty, your history is really advancing by leaps and bounds, let me say goodbye to you for three days, impressive." ”

Xiao Fei said disappreciably: "Actually, I have always been good at history, and I was one point short of a perfect score in the college entrance examination." I said with a hippie smile: "The hero didn't mention the courage of the year, I didn't expect your grades to be good, but you said that your grades were so good, why did you end up in the dark arms of the big thief group." Xiao Fei said helplessly: "There is no way, I am not the son of the richest man, who called me the son of a great farmer, and blame our family for not being good at farming, so the income is meager, and there is no other source, so I must rely on myself." ”

Zeng Lu involuntarily interrupted the conversation between me and Xiaofei by talking loudly, and she said in high spirits: "By the way, you see, these Tibetans' clothes are so beautiful, flowery, colorful, really beautiful, especially the ornaments on the heads of those women, they are really varied, beautiful, and colorful, and I am thrilled, excited, dazzled, and dizzying." ”