But how do you convince Professor Wang to put aside his prejudices?

Qu Guangquan took out a piece of paper from the bag he was carrying, then took out a pen and drew the molecular formula of thalidomide: "Professor Wang, you see, thalidomide is a synthetic glutamate derivative. Under physiological pH conditions, there are two optical isomers - R (right-handed) and S (left-handed), the R configuration - which has a sedative effect, and the S configuration - which is related to teratogenicity. ”

As soon as Professor Wang saw Qu Guangquan, he casually drew the molecular formula of thalidomide, and a special trust for no reason arose, and this trust was an unconditional admiration for genius.

Liu Yanqiu and Chen Yao were even more surprised.

"Some cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast cytokines, are stimulators of angiogenesis, and they bind to specific receptors to stimulate signal transduction and cause endothelial cell proliferation. ”

Qu Guangquan turned the paper and pointed to the S configuration in the molecular formula: "The reason why thalidomide has a teratogenic effect on the fetus is that it can reduce the secretion of irritants in the placenta, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis. These new cells are basically tumor cells that are called rapidly proliferating cells for non-pregnant women. ”

After putting away the pen, Qu Guangquan said meaningfully: "The metastasis of tumors and the malignant transformation of cells are related to the adhesion of tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells and the generation of blood vessels. ”

Professor Wang held his chin in his hand, picked up the paper on which Qu Guangquan drew the molecular formula of thalidomide, and his hand shook slightly: "The idea is very novel, from a theoretical point of view, it should be correct, but this is clinical, and there is no room for half a point of guess." ”

Obviously, Professor Wang's statement was based on his recognition of the reasonableness of Qu Guangquan's explanation! Liu Yanqiu, who was anxious to save his mother, was completely shocked.

Qu Guangquan may be right!

This is the genius judgment of a genius boy!

If other teachers may still have a vague concept of genius, but after all, he is a teacher of the two-time Olympiad class, and Liu Yanqiu is almost strange about genius.

A sense of trust arises.

"Professor Wang, what I'm a student said, can you consider it?"

"As a doctor, there is no scientific and accurate numerical support for this, so I will not comment for the time being. "After all, Professor Wang is a professor and an expert, and it is impossible to treat diseases and save people based on hypotheses alone.

"Mr. Liu, I haven't finished what I just said, what I want to say is the cost of chemotherapy, the price of etoposide capsules is 450 yuan for a box of 50mg*10 capsules, two capsules a day, a course of treatment is about 4 weeks, the cost of etoposide alone is more than 2500 yuan, and the price of maltoselenium is about 1100 yuan for a course of treatment. A course of treatment alone costs more than 3,600 yuan for these two basic drugs, plus other expenses may cost 4,000 yuan. ”

Today's price is really not too expensive, but at that time, in 1988, the per capita income was only about 200 yuan per month, which was really a huge amount of money.

Liu Yanqiu's hometown is rural, and among the four children, only Liu Yanqiu has a job, and the others are all watching the sky and eating in the countryside, so there is an old lady who saves money to do surgery in Qiaozhou Hospital.

Hearing that the cost was so high, Liu Yanqiu's face changed. "What's the price of that reaction stop my student is talking about?" Professor Wang. ”

"Mr. Liu, reaction stop is a drug that the national policy is inclined to, that is, 40 yuan a bottle, but I really have not used this drug clinically, it is best to be cautious!" Professor Wang said earnestly: "It was Dr. Frances Kelsey of the United States who resisted the pressure from the whole society and resolutely refused to react and stop passing the FDA certification, so as to save thousands of babies in the United States!"

The Dr. Frances Kelsey that Professor Wang is talking about is indeed a legend.

The "reaction stop" is known as MER-32 in the laboratory, and the German chemical company Ge Yuneng has purchased the patent for the reaction stop. The company's promotional selling point for reaction suspension is the sedative effect, which is the same as that of barbiturates and similar products with strong drug efficacy and high side effects at that time, and there are no side effects.

At that time, the drug regulatory system in most countries was lax, and almost none of the country's drug regulatory authorities proposed that drugs could only be marketed after strict clinical trials. Enterprises can go public as long as they organize some less rigorous research materials. In 1957, the reaction stop was approved for marketing in Germany, the United Kingdom and other countries based on only a few laboratory reports and testimonies, and quickly extended to the markets of many countries.

At this time, the U.S. drug market, although not officially open to the "reaction stop", has begun to move. Some curious American women took the opportunity of outbound travel to secretly bring the "reaction stop" back to China, and some well-informed people also got enviable magic pills through mail order. They anxiously await the day when the "reaction stop" will enter the United States, so that they can buy it in a small clinic on their doorstep.

In fact, Glen Nansu is more anxious than these people, and the German company has long been eyeing the American market. They found an equally ambitious American company, Richardson-Merrell.

Merry and Glennansu are so temperamentally similar that it's easy to find too many similarities — bold financial policies, inexperience in pharmaceutical research, indifference to medical issues. Like Glennansu at the beginning, Merry was eager to bring the "reaction stop" to market, or more precisely, to squeeze into the upcoming Christmas market. At that time, people may need the peace and tranquility of sedative drugs even more.

In the opinion of the American company Merry, which submitted the application, the FDA approval should be easy to pass because the drug is already available in Germany. Under the law at the time, the FDA had a 60-day time frame to approve the drug. If the approver considers that the application conditions are not complete, there is a reason to request that the application be withdrawn.

As Christmas approached, Merry began to put pressure on Frances Oldham Kelsey, the examiner in charge of the "reaction stop." As soon as he picked up the phone, Kelsey could hear them shouting, "'Reaction Stop' must be on the market before Christmas!" Kelsey, who was being sedated, seemed to need something like this more than anyone else to give her a moment of peace.

Kelsey found herself unable to resist being anxious. She repeatedly studied the confusing facts, suspicious data, and unscientific tone of the drug application report in front of her, and still felt that even the author of the report himself did not know what he was talking nonsense.

Others talk about the fact that this internist who has just come to the FDA for a month has a bit of an "axis" in his brain. What's wrong with a sedative? Not to mention that it's already available in other countries.

But it was precisely because Kelsey's "Axis" delayed the reaction to stop the listing in the United States, that when other countries reported on seal fetuses one after another, the Americans realized that they had survived a living disaster!

"Yes, Americans are grateful to her, and President John F. Kennedy presented her with the Outstanding Federal Civil Service Award for this. I also admire him. Qu Guangquan said in an extremely serious tone: "However, I still think that Mr. Liu's mother should not miss the opportunity for treatment. ”

"Just based on the molecular formula you just drawn, and the seemingly reasonable derivation?" Professor Wang was very puzzled by Qu Guangquan's attitude, and there was such a profound lesson and living example when he reacted, and you still dare to use it indiscriminately?

"It is based on my understanding of the pharmacological effect of reaction stopping, from a certain point of view, medical treatment, is an attempt, Mr. Liu's mother's surgery in the resection of lung tissue, it is difficult to do thoroughly, so chemotherapy is very critical, rather than relying only on etoposide, which has too many toxic side effects, which may greatly destroy the immune system, it is better to combine drugs to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxic side effects. ”

Professor Wang saw that Qu Guangquan was so stubborn, and Liu Yanqiu was obviously moved when he heard that there was a cheap and effective reaction stop, so he took a step back: "Teacher Liu, I have said everything that should be said, if you are ready to use the reaction stop, you can use it! However, you must send me the results of chemotherapy in time for every course of treatment!"

Liu Yanqiu looked at Qu Guangquan uncertainly.

Qu Guangquan nodded: "Teacher Liu, you can use it with confidence, it is definitely better than using etoposide alone." If there is an accident because of the use of reactions, I am willing to take responsibility. ”

"If you are so sure, I will immediately arrange for my graduate student to do a mouse comparison experiment and see the results as soon as possible. "Professor Wang is not a rigid person, and he always feels that there is some truth in what Qu Guangquan said.