In the biochemical laboratory of Qiaozhou No. 1 Middle School, the Chemistry Olympiad training team is doing chlorophyll extraction and separation experiments.

"The spinach is ready, remember, weigh out 10 grams. Not more, not less. Liu Yanqiu walked back and forth between the various experimental tables. "The purpose of the chlorophyll extraction and separation experiment is to master the methods of extracting and isolating pigments from chloroplasts, and to understand the types of pigments in chloroplasts. At the same time, it is a very important experiment to test the accuracy of your experiments. ”

"Note: 1. The filtrate line should be drawn thin and straight, if it is not thin or straight, it will lead to overlap of the pigment bands during chromatography. 2. When drawing the filtrate line, you must not let the filtrate line on the filter paper exit the chromatography solution, otherwise part of the pigment will be dissolved in the chromatography solution, and the effect is very poor!" Liu Yanqiu reminded loudly.

"It's a little too hard. ”

"Hey, I was wrong again!"

"Can you draw a little thicker, Mr. Liu?"

。。。。。。

Liu Yanqiu clapped her hands: "I have already reminded you just now." This is an important test of your experimental accuracy. If we don't participate in the Olympiad, this can be relaxed for ordinary high school students, but we are going to participate in the Olympiad! Experimental ability is very important! Qu Guangquan, let me show you. ”

Qu Guangquan, who was dressed more and more exquisitely, demonstrated it seriously under the very appreciative eyes of Teacher Liu Yanqiu.

"Oh my god, how did this happen!"

"No, it's as simple as that, why am I working so hard!"

"Can it be a little slower, I didn't see it just now. ”

。。。。。。

Liu Yanqiu: "Everyone has seen it, it's as simple as that, recall the experimental steps of Qu Guangquan, and continue to do it in the group." ”

After operating for a long time, he was still not as skilled as Qu Guangquan, so he had to give his opinion: "So meticulous, what's the use?

"It's too harsh, Mr. Liu, you can't be Qu Guangquan!"

"Wouldn't it be to measure the content of various types of chlorophyll?" Chen Yao, who was immersed in the experiment, Chen Yao, who had already decided to draw a line with Qu Guangquan, couldn't help but talk to Qu Guangquan.

"How is it possible?" Qu Guangquan, who was busy all day long, didn't notice Chen Yao's estrangement from him during this time: "To measure the content of various components of chlorophyll, you need at least one ten-thousandth of a balance, a scanner spectrophotometer, and grinding with a glass rod, you have to use a centrifuge." ”

"What's what?" Wang Mei, another member of the group, shouted, and Qu Guangquan didn't hear what he said just now.

"One ten-thousandth of a scale. Chen Yao remembered, "There are also photometers and centrifuges." ”

"One ten-thousandth, that's how many milligrams can be measured, and there is such a balance?" Wang Mei really hadn't seen it, and it was estimated that there was no one in the entire Qiaozhou at that time.

"Absolutely. It's not expensive. One at least 10,000 more. Qu Guangquan didn't know the price in the 80s, but he knew the price after the new century, and it should be said that it would be a little more expensive in the 80s.

"It's too expensive, isn't it? What kind of photometer, how much does a centrifuge cost?"

"Scannable spectrophotometers should be divided into types, and to achieve our chlorophyll content, at least more than 7,000. The centrifuge depends on the speed and centrifugal force required for your experiment, like the one we used in this experiment, which is about 4,000 rpm, and it costs about 20,000 yuan. ”

Wang Mei was dumbfounded.

Chen Yao glared at Qu Guangquan, and told me that you know a lot, and you are swaggering and deceiving everywhere, this girl has been fooled by you again.

After all, he was a member of the Olympiad team, and he put forward opinions and opinions, but his subordinates kept talking, and after a while, several classmates like Chen Yao met Liu Yanqiu's requirements.

Liu Yanqiu returned to the podium: "Our next step is to do the separation experiment, the step is what I just said, this experiment involves the most advanced and hottest technology in physical chemistry research in this century. ”

"Wow, this experiment is so funky!"

"No, I heard that now as long as the chemistry experiments are related to the advanced popularity, they are all experiments that cost money, and these experimental instruments given to us by Mr. Liu are too low-end!"

。。。。。。

"This experiment was originally a biological experiment, why did I ask everyone to do it when we participated in the Chemistry Olympiad? It is because the paper chromatography method for separating chlorophyll is also known as paper chromatography. Paper-based chromatography. ”

Liu Yanqiu wrote two big words on the blackboard: color spectrum, and then typed three exclamation marks in a row.

"I would like to emphasize chromatography, there is no academic journal related to chemistry in the world that does not publish papers related to chromatography, and we must have an understanding of chromatography technology to participate in the Olympiad. It can be said that chromatography technology is the hottest technology in the development of physics and chemistry in the 20th century. ”

"Teacher Liu, I've heard that there is a chromatograph!"

"I've heard of it too!"

"Teacher Liu, why don't we talk about it with a chromatograph? How intuitive is that! What kind of paper to use as a chromatograph, do you always mean to fool us to play!"

"Do you think I want to! An ordinary gas phase analyzer costs more than 60,000 yuan, if the advanced gas phase analyzer costs 130,000 yuan, and the imported brand costs 360,000 yuan, how can there be so many tight funds—— we can only use this experiment to let everyone know what is going on. Liu Yanqiu explained.

"Oh, my grandma is here, the laboratory is really burning money!" Gong Meimei stuck out her tongue. "Qu Guangquan, I don't understand, what's the use of such an expensive instrument?"

"Let me give you an example: Everyone knows that pesticide residues in grain are harmful, but how do you know whether there are pesticide residues or not? You can touch them with your hands, look at them with your eyes, and taste them with your mouth! If you want to get accurate results, only one instrument can do it. That's the gas chromatograph that Mr. Liu just said. ”

Gong Meimei was a little depressed, "Hey, wouldn't it cost millions if it was a decent laboratory!"

Qu Guangquan shrugged: "What is this, as long as you embark on the road of biochemistry in the future, you will definitely see such a laboratory." ”

"That's you Qu Guangquan, I can't do it. After our class, it will be you and Chen Yao!"

Chen Yao glanced at Qu Guangquan, and wanted to ask what the most advanced chromatograph in the laboratory would look like in the future, so he bit his lip and held back.

"Teacher Liu, there are too few things that have been separated, is that all?" A classmate finally used paper chromatography to isolate chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll l.

"Well, if you use a chromatograph, you might have a lot of points. Liu Yanqiu glanced at it and replied.

"How much can there be, it is estimated that the content will not be too high. ”

"The chlorophyll a content is 1 = 0.900 mg/g.FW, and the chlorophyll b content is 1 = 0.40 mg/g.FW, and the total Chl content is about 1 = 1.350 mg/g.FW. This is the result of my test when I was in college. ”

"What does FW mean, and what does mg/g.FW mean?" everyone said in unison.

"FW is fresh product, and the FW of our experiment is fresh spinach, mg/g.FW is expressed as how many mg of the tested substance is contained in the fresh weight of each gram of tissue. Chlorophyll a content 1 = 0.900 mg/g.FW, which means that one gram of fresh spinach contains about 0.900 mg of chlorophyll a. ”

"Nine out of 10,000!

"That's a lot!" Liu Yanqiu said: "You have heard of Marie Curie, she spent three years with her husband to refine nearly 10 tons of asphalt slag to refine one gram of radium!

"No, that's an exaggeration!"

"It's good that you're so ignorant, you don't even know the story of Marie Curie!

"That radium has to be the same price as gold!" a classmate sighed.

"Hey, a certain comrade, your mathematics must have been learned by the physical education teacher, just now Mr. Liu didn't say that it took 10 tons of asphalt slag in three years to refine one gram of radium, or no matter how cheap it is, it is 10 tons, and how much does it cost to extract the materials, just how much does a professor of Marie Curie's grade get for three years! How much is a gram of gold!"

"At that time, it was worth more than 1 million gold francs. A boy said disdainfully: "Haven't you seen the story of Marie Curie's three grams of radium? Despite the high value, Marie Curie did not hesitate to give it to the laboratory that researches the treatment of cancer." ”

"Hey, how much is 1 million gold francs worth now, and how much is it equal to our Chinese yuan?"

"It's 2.5 million now, but if you look at the price level and purchasing power at that time, it's worth 10 million now. ”