Section 225: Tibetan Celestial Burial (1)
We were talking and laughing on the road, and suddenly we saw a large group of black eagle vultures flying in the gray sky, we felt very strange and treacherous, how did so many big birds suddenly appear, and those eagle vultures flew very low, they looked at us indifferently after a few glances, they didn't seem to be interested, they flew straight forward, and then slowly swooped down, we were very curious, there was something unusual about it, so we hurriedly rode our horses and galloped, along the direction that the group of non-eagle vultures just flew away。
After we kept chasing the birds in the sky, we found that the big black eagle vultures were now gone, but we accidentally saw other shocking and dumbfounded things, and a rectangle appeared in front of us, facing east and west, made of thick and long square granite blanks, and on the east side there were two large stones about 50 centimeters higher than the base of the burial platform, one of which also had an axe on it, and sharp knives were scattered on the west slope. Sharp blades and the like, the heavenly burial platform is bloodstained, revealing a bit of gloom.
On the west side, there is a stone pillar with a thick bowl mouth, and a hada is tied to the stone pillar, which is used to fix the head of the deceased.
It turned out that this was the sky burial platform, and they were carrying out the sky burial, they were very attentive, and did not notice us in the distance, but we accidentally witnessed the whole mysterious and ancient sky burial site, and in modern society, it is almost difficult to see the scene, because the relevant laws clearly stipulate that the sky burial is the funeral custom of the Tibetan people, and is protected by the laws of the country.
It is forbidden to spectate, photograph, photograph, or video the site of the celestial burial activities; it is forbidden to publish or broadcast texts, pictures, reports, and so forth related to celestial burial activities in newspapers, magazines, radio, film, television, or on the Internet.
The "Provisions" also pointed out for the first time that the celestial burial master is a professional engaged in the profession of celestial burial, which should be respected, and no organization or individual may discriminate against it.
It turned out that those sharp knives and other tools were used by the celestial burial master when performing the celestial burial. Sky burial is a traditional Tibetan funeral method, after death, the body is taken to a designated place to be swallowed by vultures or other birds and beasts.
I saw that the old and solemn celestial burial master wearing traditional Tibetan clothes first used the cow dung he carried with him to make a fire, and after the fire was lit, he was covered with tsamba, and the green smoke was bursting, curling endlessly, straight to the clouds, and then after doing these meticulous preparations, the celestial burial master sat cross-legged, muttered and recited the scriptures in his mouth, shook the bulan drum in his hand, blew the trumpet made of human bones, and the group of dense and large hungry eagle vultures who had just flown over the surrounding mountains got the drum and trumpet, and then they took off one after another, hovered above the celestial burial platform, and landed around the celestial burial master one after another, forming a circle, quietly watching the celestial burial master's every move。
They are as large as cats, and then the meticulous celestial undertaker opens the shroud and places the corpse face down on the celestial burial platform, with the head fixed to the stone pillar with a hata.
The first knife falls on the back, first three vertical knives, and then three horizontal knives, which means - rest in peace. The limbs are then dismembered, cut into small pieces, and the internal organs are removed, and when these processes are stopped, the celestial burial master signals to the surrounding eagles.
After being greeted by the celestial burial master, the eagle vultures stepped forward one after another, and in a short time, all the muscles and internal organs were eaten cleanly.
The celestial burial master smashed the remaining bones, mixed them with tsamba, defended them into balls, and then glued the blood on the ground to dry, and then threw them to the eagle vulture until nothing was missed.
After doing all this in an orderly manner, his face did not change, and the celestial burial master, who was as calm and calm as ever, calmly went down the mountain to wash his hands and knives, and the entire celestial burial process just now was declared over, and the process of the unity of heaven and man was finally completed.
Zeng Lu asked puzzledly: "Why do they want to carry out sky burial, and why do they build such a sky burial platform?" Wang Gongzi said cautiously: "According to the records of some Tibetan historical documents, the history of Tibetan sky burial customs can be traced back to before the 7th century AD. According to the "Red History", the ancient Bon religion divided the world into three parts: heaven, earth and earth, among which the gods occupied a relatively important position. The first generation of Zampu in Tibet and the six Zampu after him were all sons of the gods who descended to the world along the ladder of heaven, and they all returned to the sky along the ladder after completing the human career entrusted by the gods, which is the seven kings of Tianqi recorded in history. The theory of celestial burial has been propagated even more mysterious. It is said that before his death, the founder of Zhigongti Monastery, Kyopa Ji Tenggongpo, announced to the world that he had received a revelation from God and built a heavenly burial platform, so that the corpses sent here could directly enter the kingdom of heaven and obtain eternal life. Legend has it that after the burial platform was repaired, people found that there were four more stone pillars here, which were said to have been transported by four fairies from the Indian Celestial Burial Terrace. These four fairies heard that Jueba of Zhigong Ti Temple had built a heavenly burial platform here, which was in line with the will of heaven, so they drove the rainbow to transport these four boulders, which were specially given to Ti Temple. The four fairies were about to return to Si Bai Cai and were retained by Kyawba's soul. He said, "Don't go, I've had people build a burial platform here for the sake of transcending sentient beings." The red dust is dirty, some entities are infected with the virus, or rot due to prolonged storage, and some Skyhawks refuse to peck at them. The four of you stay here, don't let the virus in. The four fairies were so gracious that they gladly stayed, so they turned their bodies into four stone pillars and stood around the burial ground, allowing only the corpses to enter, and keeping the virus carried by the corpses out. Some of the corpses are transported from Lhasa, Shannan, Nagqu, and Gongbu far away, and it takes a long time to get to this heavenly burial platform, all the corpses will become very clean, and there will be no phenomenon that the eagle refuses to eat, of course, this is just a magical legend, as for whether this is the case, I don't know, but this should be the origin of the heavenly burial platform. Hu Jiaojiao was a little bold, and after seeing it, she trembled and trembled: "God, why is there such a cruel burial method in the world, I think it's so uncomfortable and uncomfortable." Xiao Fei said thoughtfully: "In fact, although the scene of the sky burial is very cruel, it may be incomprehensible and unreasonable to us, but in the hearts of the local Tibetans, it is the highest super ceremony, no matter men, women and children, as long as they die, they will go through the sky burial, they all accept it wholeheartedly." Sky burial is a traditional funeral method of Mongolian, Tibetan and other ethnic minorities, so different cultures need to understand and feel with their hearts, they feel that after death, the body is taken to the designated place for eagles or other birds, beasts, etc. to swallow, and burial, water burial, cremation, is a kind of faith, a way to express mourning for the dead. In fact, the core of the heavenly burial is the immortality of the soul and the reincarnation of reciprocation, death is only the separation of the immortal soul and the old body, is the different transformation of different space, the Tibetans respect the heavenly burial, is that the skin to feed the bearded vulture, is the most noble almsgiving, embodies the highest state of Mahayana Buddhism Paramita - sacrificial charity. Like burial, water burial, and cremation, it is a kind of belief, a way of expressing mourning for the deceased, and it is essentially a social and cultural phenomenon, from its origin, form, content and the implementation of rituals, it is affected by factors such as the natural geographical environment and the way of life and industry, as well as foreign culture. Therefore, in different historical periods, different countries and regions, different nationalities and even different social classes, different celestial burial ceremonies will be formed. There are records of celestial burials in ancient Chinese books. For example, the ancient burial of the rich clothes to pay, buried in the wilderness, not sealed and not tree" - "Zhou Yi Department of Dictionaries", the cover also tastes those who do not bury their relatives, and their relatives die and entrust them.
As his days passed, the foxes ate it, and the flies and mosquitoes snorted him. - "Mencius ̇ Teng Wen Gong I". Sky burial is a burial custom formed under certain natural conditions and social environment.
In ancient Tibetan society, primitive or natural burials used to occur. The practice of celestial burial is closely related to the rise of Tibetan Buddhism and the import of Indian culture.
Some scholars believe that the customs of heavenly burials in Tibet originated from the ancient forest burials and wild burials in India according to the records of the Chinese historical book "The Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" about the funeral of Tianzhu (ancient India), the ritual of three or three days of wild burial, and the custom of abandoning the forest and drinking beasts.
It is not a native ritual passed down by the ancestors of the Tibetan people. There are also records of this in Tibetan historical books, and it is said that when he preached the Dharma in Tibet, he vigorously advocated this burial custom, and personally went to the heavenly burial platform to honor the deceased.
Because the Tibetans believe that the vultures on the mountains around the heavenly burial platform, except for eating human corpses, do not harm any small animals, and are sacred birds.
Therefore, if the corpse is eaten cleanly by birds and beasts, or there is not much left, it means that the deceased is good in life and the soul is returned to heaven.
If it moves little or untouched, it is considered to have done evil in life, and even birds and beasts are unwilling to peck and devour. At this time, the lama is asked to chant sutras until the flesh and bones enter the belly of the eagle wolf, and then it is considered that he has fulfilled his heart for the deceased.
Therefore, offering the body to the eagle is a kind of merit, which can atone for the sins of life and is conducive to the reincarnation of the soul, so this burial method is recognized, and it has gradually become a custom in Tibetan areas.
There is also a theory that Tibet spends most of the year in permafrost, which is hard and difficult to dig, and because of the scarcity of trees, it is difficult to bury coffins, so the form of sky burial is adopted according to local conditions.
A more plausible version is that celestial burials coincide with Buddhist teachings. In Buddhism, generosity is one of the hallmarks of believers, and the highest state of generosity is self-sacrifice, which is found in Buddhist scriptures
Moreover, according to Buddhist teachings, after death, the soul leaves the body and enters a new reincarnation, and the corpse becomes a useless skin, and feeding the corpse to the eagle after death is also regarded as the last good deed in life.
So it's just a process to samsara, and there's nothing cruel about it. ”