Section 123 Mogao Grottoes (3)
Hu Jiaojiao was extremely curious and began to look around again, suddenly, she was as surprised as if Columbus had discovered the New World, and said in great surprise: "Hurry up and come and see what a hole here, everyone come and see what these dense things are, it seems to be a Tibetan scripture or something, it's really strange, is this some kind of treasure? God is mysterious and secret, to hide in the compound room of this cave Mogao Grottoes, fortunately I am such a powerful character, these Kaka horns are just a piece of cake, I can find them." Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info"
We ran over to take a look at her voice, and sure enough, many exquisite Dunhuang scriptures were found in the inner room of the Thousand Buddha Caves, and a look at the age, it is not difficult to find that these beautiful, unfathomable Dunhuang scriptures were written in the Sui or early Tang Dynasty, and they are actually copies of the Buddhist scriptures "Kama Sutra". The paper of the manuscript is thinner, tough, dyed yellow, slightly water-stained, according to the color of the paper, all in line with the Sui and Tang regulations, with dyed yellow paper intertwined, the whole frontispiece is slightly incomplete. The Karma Sutra is a Sanskrit transliteration of the Sanskrit word meaning "homework", and the Karma Sutra is a classic of Buddhist precepts and confessions. This is an incomparably precious, valuable artistic treasure of the Chinese nation.
And the number of Dunhuang testament here is numerous, vast as a sea of smoke, countless, not to be underestimated, we can see dizzying, dazzling, breathtaking, preliminary visual inspection, its total number is more than 40,000 pieces, from the printing form there are manuscripts and printed copies, the manuscripts are more than 30,000 pieces, and the number of engraved copies is small. But most of them are just looking at it, and we have to taste it at a superficial level, because the language inside is too complicated, and we are completely eight tricks through seven tricks - we don't know anything, so we can only stare at the side in a daze, from the perspective of literature, this book is mainly written in Chinese, and there are Sanskrit, Tibetan, Kangju, Qiuzi, Khotanese, Uighur, Tocharo, Sogdian, etc. Most of the bindings are scroll-type, and the testament after the ninth century has appeared in folded books, butterfly bound books, booklets, embroidery books and engraved copies. Its fonts are all subordinate to the Northern Dynasties, and the manuscripts of the Southern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, and Song Dynasties are all in regular script or cursive. Ninety percent of the Chinese manuscripts in the suicide note are Buddhist scriptures, including sutras, Vinayas, treatises, explanations, praises, dharanis, vows, prayers, confessions, sacrifices, sangha biographies, sutras, etc. Although non-Buddhist texts account for only 5%, the content is quite extensive, including the four texts, Taoist scriptures, popular literature, documents and archives. If further subdivided, the history department includes historical books, political documents, geographical records, clan records, etc. The sub-sections include Taoist scrolls, medical books, almanacs, divination books, and class books. There are different sets in the collection,
Wang Gongzi began to publish his high views again: "These scriptures are also known as Dunhuang documents, Dunhuang testaments, and Dunhuang scrolls, referring to the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Caves, and the ancient manuscripts of various languages from the 4th to the 11th centuries were unearthed. Because Dunhuang was the cultural center of Northwest China from the 4th to the 10th centuries, it was very politically and economically developed, and Buddhism was also very prosperous. Since the first cave was excavated by the monk Le Xuan in the second year of the Qin Jianyuan Dynasty, the activities of writing scriptures and statues have been carried out from generation to generation, so these are very valuable cultural and historical materials, and the most precious historical material value of Dunhuang documents includes Fu, Mu, Zheng, Post, Bangwen, Thorn Words, Passing the Office, Public Inspection, Degree, Telling the Body and Registering Accounts, etc. There are also fragments of documents related to the household department, the criminal department and the military department. These materials provide valuable information for the study of the legal system and economic conditions of the time. This incalculable value of this property is truly priceless, not to be lost in the slightest, and gives us a glimpse of the true history of a distant period. And I guess it was because the Western Xia attacked Dunhuang some time ago, so the monks here carefully hid a large number of documents in the compound room of the cave in order to avoid the fire——"
Xiao Fei and I whispered: "It turned out that these documents were taken away by the Western powers, but I didn't expect that now these documents are completely and quietly sealed in this private room for more than 900 years, and have become a well-known Dunhuang suicide note." It's a pity, it's a pity, the scriptures still didn't escape the catastrophe in the end, in the Qing Dynasty Guangxu 26 years outflow, are the hated notorious Dunhuang Taoist Wang Taoist, he accidentally found that there are cracks in the wall of the 16th cave of Dunhuang Grottoes with murals, because of the inspection of the cracks, and then found a large number of scriptures and Buddha statues in the 17th cave. Wang Daoshi immediately reported the matter to the county order, and the county order was reported to Ye Changchi of Gansu Xuetai in time. Ye Changchi, who was proficient in ancient writing and archaeology, was very interested in this matter, and planned to transport these scriptures and Buddha statues to Jingshi, but it was too expensive to succeed. However, he recorded the inscription of the Mogao Grottoes in his book "The Stone of Words" and expressed his personal views on the Dunhuang testament. Since then, the news of the discovery of Dunhuang documents has spread, and the Dunhuang county order will give away cultural relics as gifts, and the suicide note has begun to be lost. In March 1907, Hungarian-British Stein was the first to come to Dunhuang, and stole a large number of suicide notes from the hands of Wang Taoist priests by means of bribery and deception, a total of 8,082 volumes of written volumes, 20 volumes of woodblock printing, including 6,790 volumes of Buddhist works, a total of 24 boxes of scriptures, and fine embroidered Buddha statues, etc., in the spring of 1908, the Frenchman Bo Xihe came to Dunhuang to steal ancient books, Buddhist texts, folk literature and other Chinese-Tibetan scrolls Essence No. 6000. In 1911, the Japanese Mizuchao Tachibana and Ichiro Yoshiogawa conducted photographs and investigations, and stole about 600 volumes of documents. In 1914, Stein again stole five boxes of the book. A total of more than 10,000 documents were plundered twice, including 7,000 volumes of books written in Chinese, more than 20 volumes of printed books, and two or three hundred volumes of Uighur and ancient Turkic languages. I said indignantly, and I couldn't put it down.
Xiao Fei also sighed after hearing this, and said angrily: "Yes, between 1914 and 1915, the Russian Oldenburg also stole more than 2,000 cultural relics. In 1924, the American Warner stole 26 murals of the Mogao Grottoes and Tang sculptures. The achievements made by these people in the study of Dunhuang are some, but they are insignificant compared with the heinous crimes they have committed, and this cannot cover up their evil deeds of stealing rats and dogs; I happened to see a book about Dunhuang before, and I actually called Stan because of the master of the world, and the Dunhuang scholar who was known as a genius, which is surprising! It is really regrettable, there is no distinction between black and white, and the thief is the father, and now the existing Dunhuang documents are still scattered in Britain, France, Russia, Japan, the United States, Denmark, South Korea, and other countries in addition to China's own Tibet. There are 13,000 works in the Oriental Manuscripts Department and the Department of Indian Affairs in the British Library, 5,779 in the Oriental Department of the Bibliothèque National in Paris, France, 10,800 in Russia, about 600 in Japan, at least 22 in the United States, and 14 in Denmark. In China, it is divided into Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Dalian, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Gansu and other places, with more than 17,500 volumes of testaments and 9,648 pages of Tibetan pages. And our Mogao Grottoes are more expensive than gold world cultural heritage, our country has not many of them, there is not much left, so we must liquidate and recourse to the shameful account of theft and fraudulent purchases, and we must go through various effective ways to let these national treasures return to the warm embrace of our motherland across the ocean. ”
On a whim, I said, "By the way, if you build a mud wall on the outside and paint on it, and use it as a disguise, then no one else will find it, and then these precious scriptures will escape this catastrophe and be safe and sound." ”
Xiao Fei said disappreciatively: " To no avail, life and death have fate, things are the same, there is its fate and calamity, it is impossible to change, there have been people in history who have repaired the mud wall one step ahead of you, but what is the use, do you know or not, the original Wang Taoist priest is to pick up the cement wall, from the inside out of the smuggling to foreigners at a low price, history is history, has been settled, has become settled, with our personal strength to want the mantis arm as a car, to the egg to hit the stone is useless, the wheel of history is not changed by our personal strength。 ”