Section 388: Pyramid of Khufu (2)
We unconsciously walked in front of the huge pyramid, personally came to its front, in order to deeply feel its greatness and immortality, human beings are afraid of time, time is afraid of the pyramid, and immersive standing in front of the pyramid, we deeply feel that we are incomparably small in front of it, our height is not as high as a boulder, that piece of huge some of the stones that have been made by time and wind and sand are a little mutilated, layer upon layer, neatly stacked there, after thousands of years of wind and sand, still so majestically standing, standing still, looking at the world, only me, making people dauntingFilled with deep respect.
The quicksand was about to move, and he couldn't help but jump up easily along the stone, probably wanting to stand at the highest point to have a bird's-eye view of the whole of ancient Egypt, the mysterious Nile, and several other people followed him, all wanting to taste the taste of climbing to the top of the pyramid, ready to jump up. Xiao Fei hurriedly said in a panic: "Don't continue to climb up, this pyramid is very terrifying, it is said that the terrifying curse of the pyramid not only disturbs the peace of the pharaoh will die." But in fact, there is a curse that kills more people in the pyramid, and those who climb to the top of the pyramid will be killed. So far, more than 200 people have been killed. However, the secrets of the pyramids have attracted the fascination of many curious warriors and explorers. Ignoring the incantations engraved on Pharaoh Kufu's tombstone, many of them broke into the tombs without hesitation, but they all died. Legend has it that during the great Napoleon's expedition to Egypt, he ambitiously entered the pyramid tombs alone. When he came out, the people saw him stammering, his face was as pale as earth, and he could not speak, and soon he died. Dozens of schoolchildren who entered the tomb also died like lightning. As soon as you hear the ancient and alluring name of the Egyptian pyramids, it attracts many tourists. Many brave warriors have come to the tower, but so far none of them have been able to get their wish. Once on a sunny day, a group of British tourists, including a young man named Peter, was so heroic that he quietly climbed a 500-foot-high pyramid from the western slope along the stone gap before anyone else knew it. When he was about a third of the way to the top, Peter turned to the tourists and the guide below, and shouted, "Look! I'm about to climb to the top!" At this point, Owen, the guide who was leading the group, immediately shouted a warning to Peter, who was still crawling on the tower, "You can't climb the pyramid!" You come down quickly, but he continues to climb to the top of the tower. After about two hours, Peter finally climbed to the top of the tower, and the onlookers were amazed. At this time, some police cars and Red Cross vehicles also arrived at the scene after hearing the news. He held out there for about 10 minutes before falling straight from the top of the tower, rolling down like a round log and shattering himself on the spot. And because of the blurring of flesh and blood, his face was no longer recognizable. It's horrible, miserable, can't bear TV. Later, after the autopsy was verified, the report stated that Peter had died of a severe head injury long before his body fell to the ground; Nearly every bone in his body was broken, and according to local police records, all 200 people who climbed the Shwedagon Pagoda ended in death. Climbing to the top of the pyramid and not making it back alive is one of the great mysteries of the pyramid. So the horror mystery of the pyramids still intimidates countless tomb robbers to this day. These bizarre cases cannot be explained by science, and a mysterious force has protected the Golden Tower from being violated for thousands of years. In short, the pyramids are a symbol of ancient Egypt, and climbing up is an insult to Egypt. “
Xiao Fei said with his eyebrows fluttering, and his voice was colorful, which made everyone feel creepy, but fortunately it was not at night when the moon was dark and the wind was high, and he couldn't see his five fingers, otherwise it would be even more depressing. The others nodded in agreement. Xiao Fei whispered to me: "Indeed, this pyramid is really the great building on earth, worthy of being one of the eight wonders of the world. He said: Crushed limestone slurry mixed with mineral binder is injected into a large mold to cast strip stones. So the mystery of the construction of the pyramids in Egypt has recently had a new explanation: this explanation given by Ding Davidwitt, a chemist at Barry University in the United States, can eliminate the explanation of why the pyramid stones contain bubbles while the stones in nature do not, and thus eliminate the long-standing and controversial mystery. However, in 2600 B.C., it was possible to make a stone by pouring it, and it was so close to each other that not even a piece of paper could be inserted, and it was possible to achieve such a high level of skill with our modern science and technology of the 20th century. However, it is puzzling that this was possible in 2600 B.C.E. So I really suspect it's not a human building, and I seriously suspect it's mostly the work of aliens. ”
Hu Jiaojiao asked curiously: "The pyramid is such a great building, and I don't know how the people built it at that time? It's really incredible, incredible, I feel that those ancient Egyptians are really smart, they are too wise, too smart." By the way, are these pyramid builders like us who built the Great Wall, all of them are slaves?"
Xiao Fei said to Hu Jiaojiao step by step: "This question you raised is really good, this is indeed the unsolved mystery of the pyramid for thousands of years, everyone does not know how the pyramid was built at that time, because all kinds of historical materials have disappeared due to the long time, so the construction method of the pyramid has no documentary record, just like our four famous works Dream of Red Mansions did not have the last forty times, it is a pity." However, later generations have several speculations. Guess 1: Instrument Handling says that as early as 450 BC, the Greek historian Herodotus personally traveled to Egypt to study the construction method of the pyramids. Herodotus believed that the Pharaoh sent tens of thousands of slaves and used a series of instruments to build the boulders one by one, from the lowest to the highest. However, modern mechanical engineering experts believe that this was not possible with the limited technology of the time, especially since the monolith at the top of the tower weighed 60 tons. Guess 2: Slope Handling says that a large ramp is first built outside the pyramid and the stones are pulled up. Pile up a layer of slopes, build a layer of stones, and gradually increase the pyramid. However, the slope of this slope should not exceed 7 to 8 degrees. At the height of the pyramid, the slope is a full 1 mile (about 1.6 kilometers) long, and it is very steep to reach the top. The material for building such a slope alone would be equivalent to building a pyramid, which is also a great waste and therefore unlikely. Guess 3: The pouring theory In 2000, the Frenchman Joseph David Duvis made his astonishing insight, claiming that the megaliths on the pyramids were man-made. David Duvis analyzed the structure of the boulder with the help of microscopy and chemical methods, and based on the results of the laboratory tests, he concluded that the stones on the pyramids were made of lime and shells by pouring concrete by hand, in a similar way to pouring concrete today. It is speculated that in ancient Egypt, the construction of the pyramids was probably based on the method of "breaking up the whole into pieces", first loading the mixed concrete into baskets and then lifting the pyramids under construction. In this way, as long as you master a certain technique, you can pour it into a huge stone. Guess 4: Water transport theory Some scientists believe that the ancient Egyptians used the "water transport method", that is, the use of water buoyancy to dial a thousand catties, this statement was first put forward by the chairman of the Egyptian Cultural Heritage Protection Committee Hawass, in 1980 when Hawass conducted core sampling, found a rock wall at least 50 meters deep, which may be the port dug during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. Later, a waterway connecting the port was discovered. They thought it was possible that the water transport method could be used to move boulders.
Specifically, a huge lever is used to tie the stones with a rope on one section, and the other end is hoisted upwards by manpower, and then the stones are gradually piled up. Another theory is that the mound of earth was used to form a slope and the stones were pulled up by wooden rollers, and the mound spiraled around the pyramid. It has also been argued that the removal of mounds by the second method is a big problem, and it is speculated that mounds are used first, and then levers are used. The construction of the pyramids, the techniques used may not be sophisticated by modern standards, but their management and organizational skills give us a silent testimony. For example, the Great Pyramid of Khufu covers an area of thirteen acres and is made up of two and a half million stones, each weighing about two and a half tons. It is estimated that the construction cost 100,000 people and 20 years. However, there is another theory, such as Bar Some, a professor of materials engineering at Dleiser University in Philadelphia, who speculated that the ancient Egyptians built the upper layers of the pyramids by pouring concrete into molds at high places, rather than hauling boulders to high places. Of course, this claim has also been questioned by many, who have questioned whether Bar Somm's sample was from cement used in the repair of pyramids in modern times. The French architect Jean-Pierre Hudan, on the other hand, put forward the idea of "building from the inside out", arguing that an external ramp was built on the outer wall of the Great Pyramid, and then an internal spiral tunnel was constructed. Scientists have long puzzled how the ancient Egyptians moved huge blocks of stone to build pyramids, but now they've discovered that the secret lies in the damp sand. Researchers at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands say that in order to build the pyramids, the ancient Egyptians had to move huge rocks and large statues across the desert. Scientists copied the techniques of the ancients at the time and found that damp sand was the key factor in moving boulders. The ancient Egyptians placed heavy stones on sleds, and workers pulled them across the desert. Researchers at the University of Amsterdam have found that it is likely that the ancient Egyptians laid a layer of damp sand before sledding. To test the theory that the right amount of humidity in the sand provided the traction needed for the sled, physicists built a laboratory version of the Egyptian sled. They found that the moisture content of the required sand determined the traction and sand hardness, and used a rheometer to test the sand hardness to determine how much traction was needed to deform a certain amount of sand. Experiments have shown that the traction required to move the skid is inversely proportional to the hardness of the sand, with wet sand with the right amount of moisture twice as hard as dry sand. This means that wet sand requires less traction in front of the skid, making it easier to move the weight on the skid. At the same time, the amount of sand layer laid is appropriate so that no sand accumulation can occur before the skid. It is reported that an ancient Egyptian drawing shows that the ancients also knew this technique, and in a mural found in the pharaoh's tomb, a man stands in front of a sled and watering water in the sand directly in front of the sled's movement. However, there are the latest research results on the surface, the pyramid may have been built with water, which is really mind-blowing, some experts said that inside the pyramid, there are still waterways, so it is speculated that when the pyramid was built, in addition to a large number of manpower, a canal was built between the river and the pyramid site, and about 2.3 million boulders were transported through the buoyancy of the water. In fact, the boulders were sent from distant quarries. Workers use the most primitive materials, sheepskins and ropes, to make rafts and float boulders from the river into the pyramids. As long as the sheepskin is inflated, it is the easiest floating tool, and it is also the tool used by the ancient Egyptians to transport the raw materials of the pyramids. The rope is made from a plant called papyrus along the Nile, for example, the secret hidden in the keystone in the best-selling book "The Da Vinci Code" is written on papyrus made of papyrus. Workers in remote quarries use ditches in the water to process the boulders, turn them all to the same size, and then use rafts and canals to send them to the pyramids. After transporting it to the inside of the pyramids, the clever ancient Egyptians still chose to use water to transport the boulders upwards, which was very scientific, and they built many gates to push the boulders upwards using buoyancy. As long as there is enough water, a lot of manpower can be saved and the atmospheric pressure will automatically transport the boulders. This is like the current crane equipment, which can directly deliver the boulder to the height and position required for construction. On each of the four sides of the pyramid, each has its own waterway for transporting the boulders. As long as the workers remove the boulders from the raft at the expected construction location, they can save time and effort to deliver the boulders to the right place. Of course, as the pyramid gets higher, the aqueduct will also be built upward, but it will be built at a fixed angle of 53 degrees. This angle was calculated to ensure that the waterway continued to transport stones without being slanted, and once the pyramid was built, it was also at this angle on all four sides. Experts speculate that the ancient Egyptians should have used a 53-degree level to ensure the angle of the stone during construction. When the pyramid is completed, as long as the layers of sluice below are opened, the water will flow away on its own, and many experts have also found some materials in the river on the boulders above the pyramid, which can support the theory of this water transport method. Even stronger evidence is that scholars found the remains of an aqueduct in the pyramids a few years ago. In fact, behind the pyramids, there are still many well-known large-scale ancient buildings, which were also built with the help of water transportation, such as the super-famous tourist attraction: Angkor Wat. Scholars have also found some protruding parts on the rocks, which are speculated to be man-made traces. Experts believe that these protrusions may have been used to allow the ancient Egyptians to better fix the boulders and facilitate the transportation of these stones. In the past, the Greeks believed that the pyramids were built by a large number of slaves, but after modern research, it has been found that the pyramids were built by tens of thousands of skilled workers, and this statement is more in line with the theory of water transportation, and is currently the most convincing idea, and I personally agree with this statement. However, there are still many opinions as to how such a massive pyramid was built.
At that time, it was not the slaves who were engaged in the construction of the pyramids, but the commoners, which is most based on the latest archaeological discoveries. The evidence is their right to leave, their right to treatment, etc. When the Swiss watchmaker Booker visited the pyramids, he made this earth-shattering inference: the builders of the pyramids were not slaves, but only a group of cheerful free men. For a long time, this inference was treated as a joke. His reasoning was based on his own experience. He was a master watchmaker, and during his captivity, he was arranged to make clocks. In that place where he lost his freedom, Booker found that no matter what the prison authorities used to take on high-handed measures, he could not make a clock with a daily error of less than 1/10th of a second, and before he was imprisoned, Booker could easily make a clock with an error of less than 1/100th of a second in his own workshop. At first, Booker thought it was because the conditions in which the clocks were made were too poor, but later Booker escaped from prison and lived a free life again. In even worse circumstances, Booker's watchmaking standards were miraculously restored. It was then that Booker realized that it was not the environment that really affected the accuracy of the clock, but the mood in which the watch was made. Because of this, Booker was able to boldly deduce that such a huge project as the pyramids, built so delicately, and so seamlessly connected in various links, must have been built by a group of free men with pious hearts. It is inconceivable that a group of slaves with slack behavior and antagonistic thoughts could never let even a small blade between the boulders of the pyramid not fit in. The Egyptian archaeological team found a group of tombs of pyramid builders in the Giza Pyramids area near Cairo, proving that the pyramids were built by workers and not by slaves. Zahi Hawass, secretary general of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, said the tombs were built between 2575 BC and 2467 BC. Similar to the pyramid builders' tombs previously found in this area, the distribution of these tombs proves that the pyramids were built by hired workers rather than slaves. These tombs were built next to the pyramids of the pharaohs, indicating that the people buried in the tombs were by no means slaves, as the tombs of slaves could not have been built directly next to the tombs of the pharaohs. Therefore, it is judged that the pyramids were not built by slaves. But no matter what, the people who built the pyramids are amazing, and it is they who created the glorious civilization of mankind, so that we can see such a spectacular cultural landscape today. ”