In the noise, Zhou Zhiwat announced the official start of the game: "Today's debate topic is 'the advantages and disadvantages of the class horse', and the game will be decided by the main general of the positive side first, and the time will be 5 minutes. ”

Although Jiang Shuiyuan has always been full of confidence before, he simply regarded Shanyang High School as a bid, but only he knew the danger. For example, for the debate topic of "the advantages and disadvantages of Ban Ma", in fact, for a long time, the consensus of the vast majority of people is that Sima Qian is better than Ban Gu, and countless famous quotes can be cited as evidence.

Another example is the database.

Of course, I am right, sub-arguments and arguments are often more important than arguments, but that is based on mastery of a lot of materials, so we can disdain the clumsiness of piling up materials. But in fact, how many things can high school students memorize? What tricks can they play? Isn't it a few familiar sentences that everyone knows to toss upside down? When it comes to the game, absolutely proper arguments are king, and stacking materials can easily pile the opponent to death. It's like last year, when the Huai'an Fu Squadron fought the first battle against Pingqiao No. 2 Middle School, Jiang Shuiyuan relied on reciting the "Old Tang Book" to bully those little girls to the point that they had no temper! It's just that 30 years in Hedong and 30 years in Hexi have now become someone else abusing himself with a bunch of materials.

However, morale can not be discouraged, and it is impossible for Jiang Shuiyuan to show timidity in front of the team members. Instead, he has to find ways to cheer the whole team on and create a feeling that victory is within reach. And now is the most critical moment: the argument!

Generally speaking, it is necessary to analyze the debate topic, give a definition, elicit one's main argument, and then analyze it into more than three sub-arguments, explain the reasons, put forward arguments, and finally summarize the previous text and reiterate one's own argument again.

Arguments can be said to be the soul and foundation of a debate, which directly determines the direction of future debates. If there is a mistake in the argument, it is basically a terminal illness with no cure. Therefore, when making arguments, we must be rigorous, not only can not be found fault by the other party, but also have to lay the first hand for the next offensive and defensive step, and at the same time pay attention to rhetoric, it is best to have a series of overwhelming sentences, or witty quotations, to take the lead. Of course, it is also necessary to control the speed of speech at the time, because speaking too quickly and ending in a hurry will not only waste time, but also the audience and judges will not be able to hear clearly, and if you speak too slowly, you will be deducted points for overtime, and it will also affect morale.

It's troublesome!

Therefore, everyone generally uses the two-hour preparation time to write a draft and read it directly after the stage to avoid making mistakes. Jiang Shuiyuan rarely holds a note and reads according to the book, first, he has a good memory and quick thinking, so he doesn't need it at all; second, he can leave a good impression on the judges, isn't the impression also a score?

However, the task of establishing a thesis in Jiangshuiyuan today is particularly heavy, because it is not only necessary to explain the arguments thoroughly, but also to dig pits and block the road in advance, so as to nip in the bud the killer weapon prepared by the other side. How do you call digging a pit to block the road?

A steals 100 yuan from B, and B plans to expose it in public after discovering it. If a person says in advance: "I'm sorry, I was in a temporary need for money yesterday, and it just so happened that you weren't there, so I won't take it without telling you." B then accused A and said, "You stole 100 yuan from me yesterday." "Normally, everyone will think that A is really in urgent need of money, and B is making a big fuss and is suspected of deducting hats.

What if it's the other way around? Person B first says, "You stole 100 yuan from me yesterday," and then Person A explains, "I'm sorry, I was in a temporary need for money yesterday, and it just so happened that you weren't there, so I took it without telling you." Everyone will definitely think that Person A stole money and made a temporary excuse after being arrested.

This is called preconceivence.

It's too late, it's too soon. I saw Jiang Shuiyuan get up and bow slightly to the judges, the Shanyang High School team and the audience, and then said in a loud voice: "Dear judges, friends of the opposing party, dear audience, good morning! Today, our view is that 'class is better than horse'. The controversy over the merits of Ban Ma has already appeared when the Book of Han was still in its infancy, and Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in his "Chaoqi Chapter" of his work "On Heng": "Ban Shupi continued more than 100 articles of the Taishi Gongshu, and the account was detailed, and the righteousness was shallow. Those who read it thought that A, and Taishi Gong B. By this time, those who had the privilege of reading it had already decided that 'Ben is better than a horse.' Liu Zhiji of the Tang Dynasty said in the "Appraisal Chapter" of his "Stone": "Catch the succession of "History" and "Han", and inherit each other. Wang Chong wrote books, both Class A and B Horse, and Zhang Fu held the theory, but it was also inferior and good. It can be seen that 'Ban' should refer to Ban Biao, Ban Gu and their writings, and 'Ma' corresponds to Sima Tan, Sima Qian's father and son and their writings, because the "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" all originated from his father and became from his son. The "Similarities and Differences between Ban Ma" in the Southern Song Dynasty was slightly revised in the Ming Dynasty and directly renamed "Shi Han Fang Driving". Of the two arguments, the latter is the most popular, and today's debate should be based on this!"

- This is the problem solving. First of all, explain clearly what is meant by "the advantages and disadvantages of banma", clarify the concept and scope, and let people understand what is being debated.

"We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Banma, or the reason why we can discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Banma, is that Sima Tan and Sima Qian became Taishi Gong, Ban Biao and Ban Gu both concentrated on historical books, and Ban Gu was ordered by the emperor to write the Book of Han, both of which were historians; This is the cornerstone of our discussion of the pros and cons of both. The "Book of Han" and "Historical Records" written by Ban and Ma confronted each other and were called masterpieces of historiography, but both had their own strengths. In a word, in terms of style, the "History" is the first to start from the beginning, and the "Han" is perfect and finalized, creating an industry for thousands of years. In terms of internal connotations, the "History" divides the people of tomorrow, the "Han" is the main heaven and the man, the "History" is the change of the past and the present, the "Han" is harmonious, the "History" becomes a family, and the "Han" is the way of the sage. In terms of characters, "History" is clear about good and evil, "Han" distinguishes between loyalty and treachery, "History" emphasizes love, "Han" emphasizes affairs, "History" focuses on people, "Han" emphasizes literature, "History" focuses on love, and "Han" emphasizes reality. According to the article, the gods of the "History" have changed, the "Han" is strict and meticulous, the "History" is full of emotion, and the "Han" is not very emotional. ”

- This is digging a pit.

I admit that the "Records of the Historians" is very powerful (of course, it is not possible to admit it), what "the beginning of the world", "the changes of the gods", "the study of heaven and man, through the changes of the past and the present, into the words of a family", I have said everything for you, are you embarrassed to be a repeater, pick up the good things I have said and say them again? Moreover, you also realize that the "Book of Han" is not an ornament, it and the "Records of the Historians" should be ringed fat and thin, each with its own style, and each other has its own strengths and weaknesses, rather than the "Records of the Historians" riding the dust. Are you right?

Hearing Jiang Shuiyuan's argument, the judges' eyes lit up last week, they looked at each other a few times, and then bowed their heads slightly, looking like they were related. Most of the audience in the audience can't understand Jiang Shuiyuan's mouth, but it doesn't matter, the series of majestic and neat battles are like the mouth in the cross talk and the flower cavity in the bel canto, which makes people unaware and can't help but want to slap.

But Jiang Shuiyuan didn't give the audience a chance to applaud at all, after all, applause also takes up time, and his time can't be wasted: "But we think that Ban is better than Ma, because Sima Qian is curious and Ban Gu Yaping is pure, so the "Historical Records" is complicated and the "Book of Han" is pure." Specifically, the "Historical Records" still has the habits of the Warring States Period, many strange and vertical and horizontal, and the art of power and conspiracy, similar to the pre-Qin princes, which is a mixture of official history and miscellaneous records and dictionaries; while the "Book of Han" is not agitated or violent, and is purely a historian's penmanship, Fan Ye praised and said, "If the preface is solid, it is not exciting, it is not suppressed, it is not filthy, it is detailed and decent, so that those who read it will not get tired of it". This is one of them.

"Second, the style of the "Historical Records" is not pure, in Ban Biao's words, 'its books and periodicals are inexhaustible, and there are still surplus words, and many are not the same. If the preface Sima is similar, the county is raised, and the words are written. As for the subordinates of Xiao, Cao, and Chen Ping, as well as Dong Zhongshu, the people of the time did not remember their characters, or the county was not a county'; Liu Zhiji also criticized that "what it contains is mostly old records, and sometimes mixed words, so that those who read it are rarely heard, and the words are repeated." Unlike the "Book of Han", the whole book is unified, "study the beginning and end of the Western Capital, the rise and fall of the poor Liu family, encompass one generation, write a book, the words are concise, and the matter should be very secret", which has become a model for later generations to write official history.

Third, the "Records of the Historians" violates the teachings of the sages who are resentful but not angry, and the purpose of respecting the scriptures in a mediocre and peaceful manner, and its theory of art is to worship the yellow, old and thin "Five Classics"; the preface to the goods is to despise benevolence and righteousness and shame the poor; and the Taoist ranger, and to observe the festival and honor the vulgar merits. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong believed that Sima Qian's "Records of the Historians" was "not the same as the sage, and right and wrong are quite absurd in the scriptures"; in the fourth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fan Sheng pointed out in his book that "'Taishi Gong' violates the 'Five Classics' and falsely follows Confucius'; by the time of the Three Kingdoms, Qian Zhou also thought that Sima Qian 'or the book of a hundred schools of thought was adopted, and it was not based on the canon'. Ban Gu's "Book of Han" is "comprehensive action, side through the Five Classics, up and down communication", weft "Six Classics", embellished with the Tao Gang, deeply in line with the meaning of education. ”

Saying that the "Historical Records" is not good, especially that it is not mediocre and peaceful enough, and violates the teachings of the saints, it is definitely a proper poison point when placed elsewhere, and it can be beaten in one hundred and eighty postures!

As a great historian and writer, Sima Qian is ideologically advanced, inclusive, compatible with all schools and has a strong spirit of humanistic concern and criticism, and is rich in the positive spirit of joining the WTO with the purpose of establishing morality, meritorious service, and speech, in order to leave a name in history, the enterprising spirit of enduring humiliation and dirt, enduring hardships and perseverance, and unremitting self-improvement, the courageous spirit of sacrificing one's life for righteousness and going to the soup and fire, and criticizing tyranny and torture. The humanitarian spirit that calls for the true feelings of the world, and the spirit of personal self-esteem that aspires to be lofty and righteous without humiliation. With the spirit of righteous observation and suspicion, he condemned the brutal rule of feudal society and praised the resistance and struggle of the people.

Why did it end up in a negative textbook for you?

If it were to be somewhere else, Jiang Shuiyuan would not dare to say so, because it would definitely be sprayed to the ground. But when it comes to the difficult field of Chinese studies, it is not only necessary to say, but also to take a clear stand as a sub-argument. The reason is that this is difficult to "study China"!

What is "national studies"? It is also the academic nature of a country. No matter how you classify traditional Chinese scholarship, it will inevitably be based on Confucianism and classics first. Talking about Chinese culture without Confucianism and the Five Classics is like talking about physics without force, heat, sound, and light, and talking about chemistry without elements and substances. What's more, this is a difficult theory of "national studies", and those thoughts, spirits and humanistic care just now are all illegal content, even if you dare to think so, do you dare to say so?

Jiang Shuiyuan pinched this point accurately, so he dared to show his point of view with great fanfare: if you have the ability, you can refute it, if you can not violate the rules, you will brush your teeth this morning!

"It is the combination of the above three points, so I think that Ban is better than Ma!"