Chapter 180: ARM - Phoenix Nirvana

cpa300_4(); was rejected by Harold dryly, Hu Yiting looked at the middle-aged brown-haired man with a fat body in disbelief, and said in his heart, "When did ARM become so hard-mouthed?"

Hu Yiting remembers ARM very well, which was a computer processor company co-founded in 1978 by surface physicist Hermann Heizer and microelectronics engineer Chris Curry, which was called Cambridge Processor United Company and changed its name to ACORN Computer Company the following year. see

In that era of processors flying all over the sky, even Intel has just come up with the 8086 processor, the pioneering work of the X86 series, and the newly born Zig company can also rely on the Z80 processor to abuse the old owner Intel's 8080 and 8085 processors to climb all over the ground. In short, the market has just been born, technical barriers have not yet been formed, and there are opportunities everywhere.

ACORN has developed its own BBC-ir series processors based on Motorola's 6502 processors, which have successfully captured the British education market with the support of local protectionist policies. In that era when home computers were not yet popular, the education market procurement even surpassed commercial procurement, and it was the largest computer consumption. ACRON was able to successfully eat the educational computer market in the UK, and it was naturally full of money. So much so that the British proudly call it the Apple of the United Kingdom.

It's a pity that good flowers don't bloom often, and the good times don't last long, and Intel, the nightmare killer of the processor market, is growing wildly, using his blue technology claws to ruthlessly strangle the opponents in the processor market one by one.

Under the leadership of Moore, the father of Neuss and Moore's Law, Intel launched processors one after another, the number of integrated transistors continued to double, and the X86 instruction set continued to expand and improve, and when the 286 processor was born, the market was already full of mourning, and the companies that did not get Intel's technology authorization have basically lost the courage to continue playing, and they have planned to withdraw from the home computer processor industry and turn to the field of industrial control processors and server processors for development.

Companies in the industry have only three paths at this point. One is to flee the field of home computer processors, the second is to wait for death, and the third is to surrender to Intel's obscenity.

ACRON DIDN'T WANT TO DIE, SO HE PROPOSED IT TO INTEL. If you want to get the technical authorization of the 286 processor, please ask Intel to send the 286 processor development sample first.

Intel did not hesitate to reject ACRON's request, and the company that could get the 286 processor license this year was either forced by IBM to give it by pinching Intel's neck, or Intel itself raised a small pet of the holding company. Either Intel has a technology exchange demand for the semiconductor giants, or a monopoly in a closed market like Japan, such as NEC.

ACORN didn't want to die, and after being ruthlessly despised and ignored by Intel, the British made a final attempt, avoiding the CISC complex instruction set processor field that Intel is good at, and instead developed a reduced instruction set processor ARM1 in the field of RISC reduced instruction set processor.

&nb-1 looks shabby like a British country girl in front of Intel's brilliant 386 processor, lamenting that it is a tragedy to be born in the same era as Intel, and ACORN, which cannot get orders, cannot even mass-produce ARM1.

AFTER LEARNING THE HARD WAY, ACRON SET A WAY FOR HIMSELF TO SURVIVE. That is, from now on, to do what Intel disdains.

ACORN has decided to focus on -s (low cost), -pr (low energy consumption) and ig-prfr (high performance) as the company's future research and development directions.

In fact, smart people can see it very clearly, once the first two things of low cost and low energy consumption are taken as the goal, the third high performance is basically just lip service, nothing more than advocating the so-called "on the basis of the same number of transistors, the performance is stronger than the other party".

But IC technology is about who can integrate more transistors on a chip of the same size. So this lightweight high performance was considered a worthless technical direction at the time.

Everyone agrees that the future of the market lies in heavyweight products, which are expensive production costs, high clock speeds and high energy consumption, and the use of more advanced process technology to integrate as many transistors as possible to improve performance.

ACORN's performance continued to be sluggish, and despite the development of ARM2 and ARM3 processors after ARM1, the market simply did not buy it. In addition to the UK's domestic educational computer market, which is also procured under government protection, the commercial market has been defeated by Intel.

At this time, there was a company that stepped up and kindly extended a helping hand to ACORN, and that was Apple Computer.

As IBM's PC rival. Apple has always insisted on designing and producing its own computers, from hardware to operating systems, in an attempt to compete with Intel and Microsoft's IBM-X86 architecture PC hegemony.

Therefore, Apple felt very cordial to ACORN, which was in sympathy with the disease, and even joined hands with ACORN to develop ARM3 processors.

However, the ARM3 processor is facing Intel's 486 processor. This thing is more powerful than the 386 processor that ARM1 once faced, so it is conceivable that ARM3 will lose a mess.

Before ARM3 vs. 486, in 1985, Italy's Olivier was stupidly optimistic about ACRON and nervously bought ACORN49.3% of the shares for £12 million.

Olividi started by producing typewriters, and then began to produce electronic typewriters. Printers, there has always been a demand for embedded CPUs, through guò to produce office peripheral products, Olividi company has gone very smoothly, at this time they hope that through guò acquisition of ACRON to enter the field of computer production, who knows that it will soon be abused by 486 processors into dogs, ARM3 performance is so bad (power consumption is less than 2W, performance can be imagined) so that Olivier company's own production of computers do not use it, but use Zig's Z8000 processor

IN 1993, APPLE'S STEVE JOBS WAS DETERMINED TO START THE NEWTON PROJECT TO PRODUCE A HANDHELD PDA CALLED NEWTON NEWTON.

Since it is a palm-sized monochrome LCD PDA, it needs a processor with very low power consumption to not become a battery killer. So Apple found an old friend ACORN, and the two hit it off, and Apple paid $3 million to buy 43% of the shares of ACORN, which was already struggling at this time, of which 35% was taken out by the previous wronged boss Olivier, according to the 12 million pounds when Olivia was originally invested in exchange for 49.3% In terms of the price of the shares, these shares are equivalent to about 8.5 million pounds to buy, but they can only lose to Apple, the receiver, at a loss, which is equivalent to shrinking to one-fifth of the original purchase price.

ACORN received funding from Apple and mustered up the courage to develop the ARM6 processor, which was supplied to Apple for the production of Newton's PDA.

The consequences were tragic, and the Newton PDA became one of the failed products in Apple's history, although the product idea was very good, and there was probably very little software used in the Newton PDA, so the market did not buy it at all. In 98, Apple learned from the pain and decided not to carry it anymore, cut the Newton PDA project, and ceased production.

Due to the miserable sales of Apple's Newton PDA, ARCON changed its name to ARM and continued to struggle until the late 90s and early 21st century, catching up with the crazy rise of smartphones, and the low-power ARM processor finally entered the spring.

&nb went public, Apple successively sold all its shares, only made $400,000, and in 2010, Apple cried and shouted that it wanted to buy ARM for $8 billion, but was ruthlessly rejected, at this time ARM has become the hegemon in the field of smartphones and mobile processors, and began to enter high-performance server processors. The ARM plus Android ecosystem has threatened Intel and Microsoft's PC ecosystems. In the long run, the general trend of rebellion is a foregone conclusion.

Hu Yiting frowned, pondered and meditated, and never understood why the poor ghost-like ARM would refuse to grant Chongguang the full patent of its core architecture at this moment.

Hu Yiting said with difficulty: "Why? Is it because we are a Chinese company?" )

PS: Thanks to the little mouse on the grassland, Sea Breeze 050810, Kashiwagi Tatsuno, Wang Xuanxuance, jsd for rewarding!