"Damn, such a thing happened at this time, Wu Yue, this matter is entrusted to you to be responsible, and the prisoner must be caught as soon as possible. Grandom commanded to the night without a moon with a solemn face.

"During this time, Rahar and Doranbalt are under your command, and they have specific information there, and they must not be at the time of the attack. Grundoma paused and continued.

"Yes. Ye Wuyue nodded.

The Kingdom of Fiore, which has always been peaceful, actually had a very strange thing happen during this period, an unknown force launched an attack on the church in the kingdom.

Many churches have now been vandalized and many members have been killed, and the Church State has lodged a strong protest against this to the Kingdom of Fiore and the Senate.

At such a special moment, such a thing happened in the kingdom, which made the kingdom and the Senate very unsightly.

This year is the time of the great worship of the Church, and the archpriest of the church state will come to the Cathedral of Caldia in Magunolia to receive the major worship.

When such a thing happened at such a critical moment, the reaction of Gurandom can be imagined.

"Strange, how can they all be Star Spirit Wizards?" Ye Wuyue looked at the information that Rahar had presented about the attack on the church, and was a little surprised.

"I also find this strange, my subordinates investigated before, and found that they are all disciples of Wilnebier. Rahal said, taking out a comic book from the file on the side and handing it to Yanotsuki.

"The Key to the Starry Sky, what is this?" asked Ye Wuyue, puzzled.

"This is the only book written by Wilnebier, who, according to the investigation, is the archbishop of the Church from a hundred years ago and is also a sorcerer. Rahal said.

"And then. Ye Wuyue asked as she flipped through the Key to the Stars comic book.

"No, there is only so much investigation by the subordinates. Rahal said with some embarrassment.

"I don't see any connection with the attack on the church. The comic book is very short, and Night Wuyue quickly finished it and put it aside, "Since there are no clues to wait for, according to your investigation, there are now three churches that may be the location of the next attack, so it happens to be me, you, and Doranbalt alone, guarding there to see if they will attack again." ”

"Yes. Lahal nodded yes and immediately went out to prepare.

"It's going to be a beautiful night tonight. "A dilapidated looking church, with a Senate team guarding the outside, and the presiding officer of the church praying inside.

Originally, the meaning of the night without moon was to take him to a safe place, but unfortunately the presiding officer of the church must insist on being in the church.

"It's really strange to target the Star Spirit Magician, it stands to reason that if you really want to target the Star Spirit Magician, you should also go to the Demon Tail to find Lucy and Yukino, instead of doing something to these ordinary Star Spirit Magicians, is there anything else I don't know about the Star Spirit Magician. Quietly hidden in the church, the night is moonless, and my heart is constantly thinking.

"And there are so many Star Spirit Wizards. ”

ps：

The word "information" is "information" in English, French, German, and Spanish, and "intelligence" in Japanese. As a scientific term, it first appeared in Hartley's 1928 article "Information Transfer". In the 40s of the 20th century, Shannon, the founder of information, gave a clear definition of information, and since then, many researchers have given different definitions from their respective research fields. The representative expressions are as follows:

Shannon, the founder of information, believes that "information is something that is used to eliminate random uncertainty", and this definition is regarded as a classic definition and is cited.

Norbert Iener, the founder of cybernetics, believed that "information is the content and name that people exchange with the external world in the process of adapting to the external world and making this adaptation react to the external world", which is also cited as a classical definition.

Economic management scholars believe that "information is effective data to provide decision-making".

Scientific terminology

Josiah Illard Gibbs, a famous American physical chemist, founded vector analysis and introduced it into mathematical physics, which made the study of uncertainty and chance of events find a new angle, so that human beings can make a difference in science

Information

Information (5 photos)

The first step is taken in learning to grasp the meaning of information. He argues that "entropy" is a measure of the lack of information about a physical system.

Electronics scientists and computer scientists believe that "information is a signal transmitted in an electronic circuit".

Professor Zhong Yixin, a well-known informatics expert in China, believes that "information is the way of existence or the state of motion of things, and the direct or indirect expression of this way or state".

Horton, an American information management expert, defines information as: "Information is data that has been processed to meet the needs of user decision-making." "Simply put, information is processed data, or rather, information is the result of data processing.

Based on the results of research on information. The scientific concept of information can be summarized as follows:

Information is a reflection of the state of motion and changes of various things in the objective world, a representation of the interconnection and interaction between objective things, and a manifestation of the essence of the state of motion and changes of objective things.

deliver

Ancient

By word of mouth or with the help of utensils

The speed of information transmission is slow and impreciseAntiquity

Rely on the post to travel long distances

The speed of information transmission is slow and the form of information is single.

Modern

A postal system that relies on means of transport

The speed of information transmission is relatively fast, the distance is relatively slow, and the cost is high.

nowadays

Telegraph, telephone

Fast speed, single text information.

Contemporary

network

The amount of information transmitted is large, the information is diverse, and the transmission speed is extremely fast and not hindered by geography.

function

It reflects the internal attributes, states, structures, interconnections and interactions with the external environment to reduce the uncertainty of things.

Information features

Don't worry, information is uncertain, but there are ways to quantify it. According to the concept of information, people can summarize that information has the following characteristics:

1. The larger the probability of the occurrence of message x, the greater the amount of information, and conversely, the smaller the probability of occurrence, the greater the amount of information. It can be seen that the amount of information (which we denote as i) and the probability of a message occurring are inversely related.

2. When the probability is 1, 100% of what happens is known to everyone on the earth, so the amount of information is 0.

3. When a message is composed of multiple independent messages, the amount of information contained in the message should be equal to the sum of the information contained in each message.

According to these characteristics, if it is expressed mathematically as a logarithmic function, it can be expressed as the relationship between the amount of information and the probability of the occurrence of a message: i=-loga(p(x)). Since information can be quantified, then it must be given a unit, right? A person's weight is measured in kilograms, and a person's height is measured in meters, so what unit should the amount of information be measured? Usually the amount of information is measured in bits, which is more convenient, because the amount of information in a binary waveform is exactly equal to one bit.

Information & Bits

Some students have another question: So my home Internet speed of 2Mbit/s means that the amount of information that can be transmitted is 2Mbit per second?

Bits here do not strictly refer to the amount of information, but to the signal. Originally, it could not be said to be a signal of several bits, but because the amount of information of a binary waveform (symbol) is exactly equal to 1 bit, in engineering applications, a binary code element is often called 1 bit, and the information unit becomes a signal unit. This is not rigorous, but it is not contradictory. Let's just pay attention to the conceptual distinction.

Some students still have questions: Suppose there is a message "wolf" and it is converted into a 100-bit data packet through source encoding, then the amount of information is 100 bits. Then the 100 bits were sent to a lot of people through the communication network, and many people received 100 bits of information. However, some people think that the news of "the wolf is coming" is very important and very informative, but some people feel that it does not matter and has very little information. But we know that the amount of information in this message is 100 bits, why is it different?

First of all, as we just said, bits are a unit of information, but it is also customary for engineering to use it as a unit of signal. The 100-bit here refers to the signal. Secondly, the basic problem in communication is to reproduce information from one point to another, which refers to a point-to-point situation. But even in the case of point-to-multipoint, because in the actual communication system, the message tends to refer to some symbol that is sent. The amount of information that these symbols can carry is related to the probability of the occurrence of these symbols, and for any receiver, the probability of the occurrence of these symbols is certain, and it will not be said that it is this probability for this receiver and that probability for that receiver. For example, if there is a string of symbols, 221234 this string of symbols is composed of four symbols: 1, 2, 3, and 4, assuming that the probability of the occurrence of the four symbols is 1/4, then in this string of symbols, 2 appears 3 times, so the amount of information carried by 2 is -3xlog2(1/4)=6bit. We need to understand that the symbols transmitted in the communication system are equivalent to the messages we are talking about now? The word "information" is "information" in English, French, German, and Spanish, and "intelligence" in Japanese. As a scientific term, it first appeared in Hartley's 1928 article "Information Transfer". In the 40s of the 20th century, Shannon, the founder of information, gave a clear definition of information, and since then, many researchers have given different definitions from their respective research fields. The representative expressions are as follows:

Shannon, the founder of information, believes that "information is something that is used to eliminate random uncertainty", and this definition is regarded as a classic definition and is cited.

Norbert Iener, the founder of cybernetics, believed that "information is the content and name that people exchange with the external world in the process of adapting to the external world and making this adaptation react to the external world", which is also cited as a classical definition.

Economic management scholars believe that "information is effective data to provide decision-making".

Scientific terminology

Josiah Illard Gibbs, a famous American physical chemist, founded vector analysis and introduced it into mathematical physics, which made the study of uncertainty and chance of events find a new angle, so that human beings can make a difference in science

Information

Information (5 photos)

The first step is taken in learning to grasp the meaning of information. He argues that "entropy" is a measure of the lack of information about a physical system.

Electronics scientists and computer scientists believe that "information is a signal transmitted in an electronic circuit".

Professor Zhong Yixin, a well-known informatics expert in China, believes that "information is the way of existence or the state of motion of things, and the direct or indirect expression of this way or state".

Horton, an American information management expert, defines information as: "Information is data that has been processed to meet the needs of user decision-making." "Simply put, information is processed data, or rather, information is the result of data processing.

Based on the results of research on information. The scientific concept of information can be summarized as follows:

Information is a reflection of the state of motion and changes of various things in the objective world, a representation of the interconnection and interaction between objective things, and a manifestation of the essence of the state of motion and changes of objective things.

deliver

Ancient

By word of mouth or with the help of utensils

The speed of information transmission is slow and impreciseAntiquity

Rely on the post to travel long distances

The speed of information transmission is slow and the form of information is single.

Modern

A postal system that relies on means of transport

The speed of information transmission is relatively fast, the distance is relatively slow, and the cost is high.

nowadays

Telegraph, telephone

Fast speed, single text information.

Contemporary

network

The amount of information transmitted is large, the information is diverse, and the transmission speed is extremely fast and not hindered by geography.

function

It reflects the internal attributes, states, structures, interconnections and interactions with the external environment to reduce the uncertainty of things.

Information features

Don't worry, information is uncertain, but there are ways to quantify it. According to the concept of information, people can summarize that information has the following characteristics:

1. The larger the probability of the occurrence of message x, the greater the amount of information, and conversely, the smaller the probability of occurrence, the greater the amount of information. It can be seen that the amount of information (which we denote as i) and the probability of a message occurring are inversely related.

2. When the probability is 1, 100% of what happens is known to everyone on the earth, so the amount of information is 0.

3. When a message is composed of multiple independent messages, the amount of information contained in the message should be equal to the sum of the information contained in each message.

According to these characteristics, if it is expressed mathematically as a logarithmic function, it can be expressed as the relationship between the amount of information and the probability of the occurrence of a message: i=-loga(p(x)). Since information can be quantified, then it must be given a unit, right? A person's weight is measured in kilograms, and a person's height is measured in meters, so what unit should the amount of information be measured? Usually the amount of information is measured in bits, which is more convenient, because the amount of information in a binary waveform is exactly equal to one bit.

Information & Bits

Some students have another question: So my home Internet speed of 2Mbit/s means that the amount of information that can be transmitted is 2Mbit per second?

Bits here do not strictly refer to the amount of information, but to the signal. Originally, it could not be said to be a signal of several bits, but because the amount of information of a binary waveform (symbol) is exactly equal to 1 bit, in engineering applications, a binary code element is often called 1 bit, and the information unit becomes a signal unit. This is not rigorous, but it is not contradictory. Let's just pay attention to the conceptual distinction.