Story 1: Zhang San is less than thirty years old and is a technician on the production line of a textile factory. On this day, he was on a small night shift and returned to the dormitory after midnight. Zhang San is still single, living alone, the dormitory is on the second floor, when he took out the key to open the door, a person suddenly came out of the house.

The corridor lights were not on, and the lights in the house were not turned on, Zhang San was already very tired, and his spirit was also a little trance, he didn't see the other party's appearance clearly, he only felt that it was a man with a similar figure to himself. He only saw a hazy outline, and in hindsight, the other party's face was blurred.

Zhang San subconsciously asked, "Who are you?" but the other party did not answer, and the figure quickly walked downstairs and disappeared into the darkness, without even the sound of footsteps. It took a long time for Zhang San, who was in a trance, to react, he didn't know what was going on, and guessed that he might have encountered a thief, but he didn't lose anything in the dormitory.

A few days later, Zhang San died of a heart attack while on the night shift.

Story 2: Aunt Wang lives in the village, and her children have gone to the city, and during this time, her wife went to the city to see that her son was not at home. On this day, she went to the town to catch the market, and only came back after dark, carrying a basket of things bought at the market, feeling very tired. I opened the courtyard door and walked into the courtyard, but I happened to see an old lady come out of the hall and walk straight out.

Aunt Wang, who was already tired and a little confused, asked, "Who are you?" The other party did not answer, Aunt Wang chased out of the yard, but she could no longer see the other party. At that time, the light was very dim, and Aunt Wang only saw a silhouette similar to herself, and felt that the other party was also an old lady.

The next day, when the neighborhood was chatting, Aunt Wang brought up the matter. The neighbor's old man reminded her: "Big sister, have you lost your soul?" Aunt Wang said very abruptly at that time: "What I saw at that time should be myself." The matter was never mentioned to anyone since.

A year later, Aunt Wang accidentally fell and was taken to the hospital while rushing to the market, and died a few days later.

Story 3: Mr. Fan and his wife quarreled, and his wife went back to her parents' house in anger, he lived alone these days, and he was not in a good mood, and he had a conflict with his colleagues in the unit, and he hadn't slept well for several days. It was a little late to get home from work that day, and when he grabbed the handrail and walked up the stairs of the unit building, his head felt very dizzy, and his eyelids were fighting.

When he took out the key and opened the door on the fourth floor, a person suddenly came out of the room and went down the stairs. Mr. Fan was a little dazed at the time, instinctively thinking that his wife had returned, but the silhouette of the man's body was not his wife, like a man with a similar figure to himself, and it took him a long time to come back to his senses.

Mr. Fan almost called the police, but when he returned home, he found that everything had not been touched and his belongings were not at all. Later, when he talked about it with friends and colleagues, he said, "I see myself." ”

This was more than 20 years ago, and Mr. Fan is still alive today.

These are three stories that Ding Qi told in class, or three folklore that happened at different times and places. The 152 students in the audience were listening intently, showing a look of great interest. This is a large lecture hall with second-year undergraduate students from various majors at Jinghu University, and the reason why Ding Qi was able to calculate the number of people so accurately was by using the seat elimination method, and this classroom with a capacity of 180 people was almost full.

The number of students on the roster should be 169 to enroll in this course, but the actual number is 152, which is quite a high attendance rate. In such a big class, it is almost impossible for the teacher to name them one by one.

Ding Qi is talking about "Fundamentals of Psychology". For psychology majors, this is a compulsory course in the first year of undergraduate studies, and for non-psychology majors, it is an elective course in the second year of undergraduate studies. The focus of the textbooks and teaching content is also different, and for non-psychology students, a large part of the textbook focuses on social psychology.

For such an interdisciplinary elective course, many students sign up just to make up for elective credits, and at the same time, because they are somewhat curious, the skipping rate is very high. Even if many people come to class, they still lie on their desks to catch up on sleep, which is also one of the common phenomena on college campuses.

Looking at the students in the audience at this moment, Ding Qi was secretly smiling bitterly, and at the same time he was slightly complacent, basically close to full attendance, and no one was sleeping. In fact, the elective course "Fundamentals of Psychology" offered by non-psychology undergraduates is not very valued by the university, otherwise it would not have allowed a lecturer as young as Ding Qi to teach.

But Tintzi spoke well, or at least engagingly, as evidenced by the classroom in front of him. If someone who doesn't know the situation goes to the wrong classroom and doesn't know what class it is, they may wonder if the young man on stage is in class or telling a ghost story.

After telling these three stories, seeing that the attention of the students was all attracted, Ding Qiguang looked around, as if he had contact with everyone's eyes, and said: "Students, this is a folk tale that circulates at different times and in different places across the country. I would like to ask if anyone has heard similar rumors in their hometowns?

A total of fifty-seven students raised their hands. Ding Qi was able to come up with accurate numbers in his mind so quickly, not because he had some superpowers, but because he benefited from professional skills and professional habits.

He studied psychology and is also a psychological counselor, who has repeatedly undergone various psychological scale tests, including IQ, and has also participated in the content design of many psychometric tables, and has mastered various memory skills such as space and numbers.

He was familiar with this classroom, using the matrix memory method, and he came up with an accurate number in a few seconds, and then nodded and said, "Very good, everyone can put their hands down." Since they are only folklore, it is impossible for us to make an accurate mental assessment of the parties in the legend, but we can first summarize the core elements of consistency according to the content of the legend itself. Which student would like to speak...... If no one raises their hand, I'll take a roll call!"

Many students in the audience looked like they wanted to try, but no one took the initiative to raise their hands, which is a common situation in college classrooms, especially in large classes with large numbers. The more people present, the more reluctant some people are to take the initiative to raise their hands to speak, which is a psychological phenomenon, and the time given by Ding Qi is not long, most people feel that they need to think about it for a while.

Ding Qi was going to take the initiative to name him, he wanted to find a girl to answer, almost subconsciously, he made the action of opening the roster, but he didn't actually look at it, and directly called out an impression of the girl's name: "Meng Huiyu, you can answer!"

After speaking, Ding Qi raised his head and happened to meet Meng Huiyu's gaze. Meng Huiyu sat in the middle of the first row, a very beautiful girl, fair complexion, shoulder-length hair, wearing a white floral skirt, cuffs, neckline and decoration on the body are red and blue batik style, very bit of ethnic minority style in the southwest, and she herself is not an ethnic minority.

Meng Huiyu was staring at Ding Qi just now, and at this moment she quickly stood up and lowered her head to look a little shy, stretched out her hand to sort out the Liuhai hanging down from her forehead, adjusted her slightly nervous breathing, and then raised her head and replied: "In the stories that the teacher just told, first of all, the parties are in a state of trance. ”

Ding Qi nodded and said, "Well, that's the case, what else?"

Meng Hui said: "The light at the scene of the incident is very dim, and there is no other person present to disturb the parties, in this case, it is easy to cause illusions due to the hints of the environment. ”

Ding Qi secretly said in his heart: "This is not the point. When he spoke, he still said in a tone of encouragement and prompting: "This is a legend, we can't judge the mental state of the person concerned and the truth of what is said, so what kind of consistency law can be summed up in the legend itself?"

Meng Huiyu replied while thinking: "According to your prompts, teacher, there are two core rules. The first point is the same, they all 'saw themselves' in some situation. The second point is inconsistent, Zhang San didn't realize that he saw himself and didn't tell anyone about it, Aunt Wang realized it after being reminded and only said one sentence, and Mr. Fan realized it and told people many times......

Ding Qi: "The second point is actually consistent, have you noticed the pattern?"

At this point, the answer is about to come out, and in the face of Ding Qi's gaze, Meng Huiyu straightened her chest slightly, and her tone became clear and confident: "In these three stories, all three people 'see themselves' under specific circumstances, which may indicate that life is about to end." And to be aware of this situation and to speak out about it, to say a word, to live one more year......"

Ding Qi nodded with satisfaction and said, "Very good, it is well summarized, thank you Meng Huiyu, you can sit down." ”

After Meng Huiyu sat down, Teacher Xiao Ding's approving eyes made her feel happy, and at the same time she couldn't help but feel a little nervous, her face was slightly red, and the tip of her nose was slightly sweaty, she subconsciously lowered her head and stretched out a finger to touch the tip of her nose. Ding Qi, who is good at observing micro-expressions, of course noticed it, and he didn't know whether it was a bitter smile or something else in his heart, looked around the big classroom, and subconsciously stretched out a finger to support the frame on the bridge of his nose.

Ding Qi is not short-sighted, his eyesight is very good, and he deliberately wears this pair of flat glasses, just to add a bit of elegance. The glasses were picked out by his girlfriend Jiajia for him, and they cost more than 8,000, which is the most expensive one in his outfit.

Today he wears a navy blue casual suit, revealing a very well-cut shirt with high-end fabrics. Glasses, shirts, and belts are said to be of Italian origin and belong to the same well-known international brand, adding up to almost 20,000 yuan, which is still the overseas purchase price without tariffs.

Ding Qi can understand why many girls mention many brands like treasures, but he himself does not understand these at all, and he is not interested in delving into them. According to her girlfriend Jiajia, the ones she picked are not really high-end products among international brands, at most they are light luxury, but they can really set off Ding Qi's temperament.

After his girlfriend picked it out, Ding Qi could buy it directly with payment, which was also worry-free. Although Ding Qi is still studying for a doctorate, he has a job and a decent income. In addition to being promoted from teaching assistant to lecturer at Jinghu University, he also worked as a counselor at the Mental Health Center of Jingko University Hospital.

Psychological counselors must pay attention to appearance and image, and the first impression they leave on people must have a sense of trust and affinity. So his girlfriend dressed him like this, and Ding Qi also agreed.

Recently, I heard the grapevine that the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is compiling the latest "National Vocational Qualification Catalogue", which is said to cancel the official recognition of the professional qualification of "psychological counselors" and no longer organize examinations and certificates. Ding Qi didn't believe the news, but he also thought that the certification management of psychological counselors should indeed be rectified and standardized.

Without looking in the mirror, Ding Qi also knows that his image and the impression he leaves are very good. Especially in the university forum, a young and handsome male teacher like him, who pays attention to appearance and has a very friendly demeanor, is already a very rare little fresh meat on campus. Many girls fall in love with this big class he brings, I am afraid that not only for the content of the course, some people arrive early every time, most of them sit in the front row of the classroom, and like to watch him whisper from time to time.

It is normal and understandable that people unconsciously project their inner emotional needs onto the object of their admiration, at the age when love is already in love, but Tintzi does not have any other thoughts because of this.

Ding Qi looked around the classroom and was about to add a few more comments, but realized that there was no need to say anything more. Originally, he planned to find a girl to answer, but it was difficult to answer all the points in such a short period of time, which could be supplemented by him, the teacher, to increase the interest and interactivity of the class, and at the same time enhance the teacher's authoritative image.

However, after Meng Huiyu spoke, Ding Qi has been giving encouragement and approving prompts, which is a habit of psychological counselors when they conduct "intake conversations", and they are inadvertently brought to the classroom.

Ding Qi cleared his throat and said: "These three stories are not my fiction, but my mentor, Professor Liu Feng, a well-known psychology expert in China, discovered and summarized them from seemingly unrelated social rumors collected from various places when conducting social surveys many years ago.

Professor Liu Feng has made outstanding achievements in many fields such as psychology and sociology, and attaches great importance to the investigation and research of integrating theory with practice. He has traveled all over the world, going deep into different types of people, collecting and collating a large number of detailed first-hand information......"

Ding Qi actually publicly praised his mentor in the big class, and he did not hesitate to praise him. If it sounds to those who are interested, this is a very explicit flattery and compliment, but Ding Qi's expression and tone are very sincere, and he also sincerely evaluates his mentor. On the other hand, Ding Qi actually knows that if the remarks in such a big class reach the ears of the tutor, the tutor will be very happy or even relieved.

As the saying goes, don't talk about people behind your back, it's not a good habit, but this doesn't include complimenting anyone behind your back, which can make the other person happier than a compliment in person, and many people, including the mentor, are not exempt from vulgarity. And his praise is not unfounded, just now he quoted the information collected by the tutor and the cases collated, which also shows academic respect and admiration.

If you are a sycophant, you should also pay attention to psychology.

After praising the tutor quietly, reasonably, and sincerely, Ding Qi continued: "The female classmate has summarized the consistency law in these three stories, so which student can analyze it in depth, why there are rumors of the same core elements at different times and places? You can speak freely, say whatever you want, this time I want to ask a boy to answer, please raise your hand." ”

After that interaction, the atmosphere has been mobilized, and there is time to buffer thinking, and this time many people have raised their hands. Ding Qi didn't look at the roster again, and directly stretched out his hand to the right and said, "The boy in gray tracksuit in the fifth row, what is your name and which major?

The boy stood up, looked down at the notebook on the table, and said in a somewhat hurried tone: "My name is Bi Xuecheng, and I am a student in the 1602 class of microelectronics...... I just noticed that in the second story, the neighbor reminded Aunt Wang that she had lost her soul, which needs to be seen in the context of the local social and cultural background.

In the folklore of many places, there is a saying of losing the soul. Even in different cultural backgrounds, there is a saying that once the soul leaves, people will die.

The folk rumors that the teacher just talked about are actually processing this statement into a specific story, and the implicit meaning is that if a person loses his soul, if he can't find it, he is likely to die. It sounds absurd, but there is also a realistic socio-cultural background that almost everyone can understand. ”

Bi Xuecheng's speed of speech is a bit fast, but the language is very good, and the logic of his thinking is very clear, he said while looking at the notebook on the desk, obviously he had just made a summary of the transcript. Ding Qi nodded with satisfaction and interjected: "Then the second core element of these three stories, saying 'I see myself', can you live for an extra year, how can this be explained?"

Bi Xuecheng lowered his head and scratched something on the notebook, thought about it for a few seconds, and replied in a somewhat uncertain tone: "This is a means to face the fear of the unknown and try to resolve the inner conflict." ”

Ding Qi asked with interest: "Oh, you tell me carefully. ”

Bi Xuecheng tried to conclude: "Since ancient times, there have been more or less legends in various places that people will die if they lose their souls, and even the legends in some places are more specific, saying that people can feel their souls leaving their bodies before they die, so there are such folk tales."

Of course, folk rumors are not believable, but because of their mystery, many people's attitude is to be suspicious, and even feel inexplicable pressure and fear. If it does happen, it will be a problem that is difficult for individuals to resist and solve, but people must find a way to resolve the inner pressure.

Whether it is a recourse to a mystical ritual or a religion, it is an attempt to solve a psychosocial problem, so the story will change as it is circulated, giving a seemingly bizarre but practical solution. That is to say, one more year will live, and only then will people eliminate the conflict and anxiety in their hearts. ”

Ding Qi: "Is there a legend like this in your hometown? I noticed that you raised your hand just now. ”

Bi Xuecheng nodded and said: "Yes, I heard a similar story when I was a child, and it was told by the old man who guarded the door in my father's unit. ”

For a second-year undergraduate student majoring in pure engineering, Bi Xuecheng's answer can almost get a full score, logical thinking, inductive summary, and expression and presentation skills are quite good. Ding Qi couldn't help but smile slightly, remembering his experience in another class.

At that time, the mentor Liu Feng used the same example to ask questions, and Ding Qi's answer was almost the same as that of Bi Xuecheng in front of him. Now that his identity has changed, Ding Qi stood on the podium, so he added a digression question from Mr. Liu Feng back then: "Then let's go back to the source of the discussion, folklore is difficult to verify the authenticity, if we assume that these three stories have happened in some form, at least the first element 'saw yourself' is true, how do you analyze it?"

Bi Xuecheng replied: "It's still the point just now, there have been such legends since ancient times, it may be feudal superstition, or it may be out of thinking about the relationship between life, ** and soul, so people have processed such stories." ”

Ding Qi shook his head: "You didn't fully understand my question. You analyzed one of the causes of the emergence of folk tales, using a relatively complex logical reasoning process, which is reasonable. But in the case that we can't really be sure, we can't rule out the most direct possibility of the event itself, that is, someone really saw themselves. ”

Bi Xuecheng was slightly stunned: "Did you really see it?"

Ding Qi: "I'm not saying that this will be the case, but I can't rule out the most direct possibility, this is not a scientific attitude to do social investigation and phenomenon analysis. ”

Bi Xuecheng couldn't help but cross-examine: "This is unreasonable!"

Ding Qi was still smiling, similar to the smile of his mentor Liu Feng back then: "Either because of illusion or hallucination, there is the last possibility, that is, I really saw it." So why is there such a phenomenon, for the individual we need to do psychoanalysis, for the group, we need to do group psychoanalysis. ”

Bi Xuecheng was a little bit of a bull, and asked in turn: "If it's an illusion and an illusion, how can it be regarded as really seeing?"

Ding Qi felt that the discussion was a little off, but he still patiently explained: "What I said is true, it is true from a psychological point of view. Delusion doesn't count, because the person can realize that he or she is wrong.

But hallucinations are subjective experiences, and the person's senses are actually seeing the corresponding thing. To distinguish this phenomenon, it is necessary to see whether the subjective experience is a real reaction to the objective world.

If people at different times, in different places, and with different identities have experienced this subjective experience, we need to study the causes of this phenomenon, such as being hinted at by the social and cultural background, and so on.

Bi Xuecheng, you answered very well, now please take a seat...... I'm going to do the same survey as I did just now, and if any of you here has heard or can remember the same folk rumors as these three stories, please raise your hand again. ”

The number of people who raised their hands this time was almost double that of the last time, and Ding Qi watched everyone's various reactions from the podium, in fact, he knew very well in his heart that there were many people who had not really heard of similar rumors, but many of them did not mean to lie.

Some people may be trying to show that they are "not ignorant", some people may hesitantly raise their hands when they see the people around them raise their hands, and more people think that they recall similar rumors, but they are not real memories.

Ding Qi made a gesture and said, "Very good, just now fifty-seven people raised their hands, and now one hundred and two people raised their hands." You can put your hands down, now open the textbook and turn to the second chapter, Social Psychology. Today we are going to talk about verse 7, conformity, imitation, suggestion, and social contagion in 'social influence'. ”