"Why, why do such a thing, they are just a group of historians, what reason is there to sentence them to death. ”

In the office of the Navy Headquarters, Sengoku, Vice Admiral Haguvar D. Sauro, a giant of the Navy Headquarters, angrily questioned Sengoku who was sitting opposite him.

"This is an order from the World Government, and you dare to question the World Government. Sengoku looked at Sauro with a serious face.

"Can the world government kill innocents so indiscriminately at will? Saulo stared into Sengoku's eyes without flinching.

"Since you're against it, then you don't have to go out this time, I'll let the others go, and stand down. ”

When Saulo walked out of the office, Zhan Qing couldn't help but sigh deeply, Saulo's question was exactly what he had about the five old stars of the World Government.

The Five Old Stars didn't explain anything more to him, just told him to do what he was told.

Although he knew that this was wrong, Sengoku couldn't refuse the order of the world government at all, and at the same time, this order was also the last test for him, after this time, he could officially take over the position of marshal of the navy.

After pondering for a moment, he immediately shouted outside, "Come in." ”

"Marshal of the Warring States. "Spandane from CP9 walked in.

"The World Government has already said that this time the task is up to you. When Sengoku spoke, he took out a golden phone bug and put it on the table.

"Yes. Spandyne held back the ecstasy in his heart and took the golden phone bug in his arms.

There are only four golden phone bugs in total, which are controlled by the admiral and the three major generals, and it is the only way to launch the demon slaying order, because of the particularity of the golden phone bug, no matter where it is launched, the navy can receive the order.

"There are no history books, and the world government is really strict. In the library of the Navy Headquarters, Ye Wuji was holding a book about the windless belt and reading it slowly.

Originally, he thought that after escorting Orbiya to the Navy Headquarters, he should immediately return to the G2 branch, but Emi thought that the order from the upper echelons of the Navy had asked him to wait for a new order here.

He had nothing to do, so he had to come to the library to pass the time.

Originally, he was supposed to go to see Admiral Zefa, but unfortunately Admiral Zefa was not in Marin Fando, and he was put into a new batch of naval training.

The dignified admiral kept doing such things, even if Ye Wuji didn't care about it, he knew that there was a problem here, but at this time, Ye Wuji hadn't thought far ahead, he just thought it was a struggle for power and profit within the navy.

"I see. After reading a few books about the windless zone, Ye Wuji finally understood why the terrain of this world is so strange, but there seem to be people who can cross the windless zone, enter and exit the four seas, the great voyage, and the new world.

The terrain of this world is very peculiar.

Plants have six major organs: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The stem is the axial part of the plant body. Standing upright or prostrate in water, the stem has branches, and the apical end of the branch has meristem, which undergoes apical growth. The stem generally differentiates into two parts, short nodes and long internodes. The stem has the function of transporting nutrients and water and supporting leaves, flowers and fruits in a certain space. Some stems also have the functions of photosynthesis, nutrient storage and reproduction. Leaves are one of the vegetative organs of vascular plants. The function is to synthesize organic matter by photosynthesis, and has transpiration, providing power for roots to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the outside world. Flowers are metamorphosed short branches with reproductive functions. The fruit is mainly used as a medium for the dispersal of seeds. Seeds have the function of reproduction and dispersal, and seeds also have various structures suitable for dispersal or resistance to undesirable conditions, creating good conditions for the continuation of plant races.

root

Roots are the vegetative organs of plants, usually located below the earth's surface, and are responsible for absorbing water from the soil

and dissolve the ions in it, and have the function of supporting and storing synthetic organic substances. Roots (except aerial and sessile roots) are composed of parenchyma, vascular tissue, protective tissue, mechanical tissue, and meristem cells.

The root can be divided into four regions, the top of which is the cap-like structure - the root crown, above which is the meristem and elongation zone, and above is the root hair zone with root hairs.

The root crown is located on the outside of the meristem at the apical part of the root. The high degree of mucolifaction of the outer cell wall can reduce the friction between the roots and the soil during their downward growth, which plays a protective role. At the same time, the powder-forming body in the cell can also ensure the ground-oriented growth of the root, that is, to ensure its ground-tropism (Gravitropism).

The meristem is the apical meristem located inside the root crown. Meristem cells can divide continuously, on the one hand, a small part is used to form root crown cells, while most of them are backward through the growth and differentiation of cells to form various structures of roots, and on the other hand, they maintain their original volume. [2]

The cells in the elongation zone are developed from the cells of the meristem, the division ability has been weakened, and the cell elongation axis is elongated. Elongation leads to damage to the primary phloem and primary xylem, resulting in Lacuna.

The cells in the root hair area are already mature cells. Root hairs are produced by hair cells in the epidermis (Trichoblast), which effectively enlarge the absorption area of plant roots. THE ROOTS OF THE TREES CAN ABSORB AN AREA OF UP TO 400 M².

stem

The stem is one of the vegetative organs of the plant. It is the visible trunk of most plants. Of course, for example, immortals

The metamorphosis stem of the human palm. The water and minerals absorbed by the roots are transported up to the vegetative organs through the xylem, and the products of photosynthesis are transported down through the phloem. The stem is derived from the germ of a plant embryo. The stem of the cotyledon component, the part under the cotyledons to be precise.

The first plant to have stems was the now-extinct Gymnophyllum curoni, and the extant Pine-leaved Fern, which has no real roots or leaves. Therefore, in vascular plants (ductal plants), the earliest organ is the stem, and the roots and leaves are evolved from the stem.

Metamorphosis stems

The stem of some plants has been specialized in not only supporting and transporting functions, but also in its form more than just growing branches and leaves, which we call metamorphosis stems.

Common ones include cactus tubers, onion bulbs, water chestnut bulbs, ginger rhizomes, strawberry stems, grape tendrils, and asparagus stems that specialize into leaf-like stems.

leaf

Leaves are the vegetative organs of higher plants, and the lateral sides develop from the leaf primordium of the stem of the plant. Leaves contain chlorophyll and are the main site for photosynthesis in plants. At the same time, evapotranspiration in plants is achieved through the stomata of the leaves.

Leaves appear only on true stems, i.e., only vascular plants have leaves. All higher plants like ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms have leaves. In contrast, bryophytes, algae, fungi and lichens have no leaves. In these flattened bodies (Thallus) only structures similar to leaves can be found, but only as analogues (Analoga).

A complete leaf consists of three parts: the leaf, the petiole and the pedicle.

A leaf refers to a flat main structure on a complete leaf. It absorbs as much sunlight as possible and regulates water and temperature in the plant's body through stomata.

The petiole is the part that connects the leaf to the stem node.

The leaves are born on both sides of the base of the petiole or in the axils of the leaf, and are small and fall early. Different plant species have different morphologies of the leaves. For example, peas have large leaf-like leaves, acacia and jujube have needle-shaped leaves, and mountain cherry blossoms have pinnate leaves. Its role is to protect young leaves.

Metamorphosis leaves

Metamorphosis is a leaf that changes in morphology and structure due to changes in function. Such as the thorns of cacti, the large sepals of jade leaf golden flowers and the carpel of flowering plants.

flower

Peanut flowers are placed on a receptacle, with petals (or tepals) on the outermost part, and the reproductive organs, stamens and females of the plant are wrapped in the middle

Pistil. The bright colors and attractive aromas of the flowers are designed to attract insects. With the help of insects, the pollination process is completed to achieve the purpose of inheritance. Most grasses and trees have dull flowers and no aroma to attract insects to pollinate, and the pollination process is usually done by wind. Depending on the plant, most plants produce hundreds of flowers per year, while a few plants, such as tulips, only produce one flower a year. The length of the flowering period also varies greatly. [3]

The calyx is located in the outermost round of sepals and is usually green, but some plants are petal-shaped.

The corolla is located in the inner wheel of the calyx and is made up of petals, which are thin and soft, often colored to attract insects to help pollination.

The stamens group is a general term for the stamens in a flower, and the anthers are born on the top of the filament, which is the place where pollen is formed, and the pollen contains male gametes.

A pistil group is a general term for the pistils within a flower, which can be composed of one or more pistils. The reproductive organ that makes up the pistil is called the carpel and contains the ovary, which contains ovules (which contain female gametes). A pistil may consist of multiple carpels, in which case a centrifugal pistil, if each carpel separates to form a single pistil, or a compound pistil, if the carpels are combined. The sticky tip of the pistil is called the stigma and is a receptor for pollen. The columella connects the stigma and the ovary, and is the passage through which the pollen tube enters the ovary after the pollen grains germinate.

fruit

The fruit develops from the pistils of flowers, and the seeds of most plants are encased in the fruit. The "fruit" of strawberries is an exception when grown from a receptacle. The number of seeds inside a fruit varies, some have only one seed, others have many. When the fruit is ripe, some are rich in moisture, while others dry out. The watery fruit is usually brightly colored and attracts animals to eat it, while the seeds are carried far away, and when the seeds are excreted, they take root and germinate. Some legumes and other species of plants burst open when the fruit is ripe, shooting seeds nearby for a chance to germinate. Some fruits are very light in weight, and when the wind blows, they are carried by the wind to distant places to complete their mission of passing on their ancestry. The fruit of some plants, with burrs on the surface, can get on the animals that pass by and be carried away by the animals. When detached from an animal, the seeds take root and sprout in place. [4]

The fruit formed by the single development of the pistil ovary after fertilization is called true fruit, such as peach, soybean, etc., and usually only the ovary is called true fruit, such as peach, soybean, etc.

Fruits formed by the ovary plus other parts of the flower (calyx, tepal, flower axis, etc.) are called false fruits, such as apples, pears, etc. With the involvement of calyx and calyx, such as strawberries, most of the fruits are enlarged and fleshy receptacles.

seed

Seed is the structure of the ovule of the seed plant that grows after fertilization, and is generally composed of seed coat, embryo and endosperm. The embryo is the most important part of the seed and grows into a new individual after germination. The endosperm contains nutrients.

The seed coat is developed from beads and has the function of protecting the embryo and endosperm. The seed coat of gymnosperms is composed of an outer layer, an inner layer (fleshy layer), and a middle layer (stony layer). Cycads and ginkgo biloba have a thick fleshy outer layer and are pigmented when ripe, while many pine and cypress plants have an underdeveloped outer layer. The inner layer generally tends to shrink, and it is a thin paper-like layer in the mature seeds, which is lined with the middle layer.

The embryo develops from a fertilized egg. It is composed of germ, hypocotyl, cotyledon, radicle. The embryos of gymnosperms are arranged along the central longitudinal axis of seeds, and the number of cotyledons is different for different types of seeds, which is 1~18. There are two common ones, such as cycads, ginkgo, yew, cinnamon, sequoia, buy hemp vine, ephedra, etc.

Gymnosperm endosperm is a haploid female gametophyte, which is generally more developed, stores more starch or fat, and also has vague powder grains. The endosperm is generally pale yellow, a few are white, and the endosperm is green in the mature seeds of Ginkgo biloba.

The endosperm of angiosperms undergoes double fertilization in which one sperm fuses with the polar nucleus in the embryo sac to develop into polyploidy. Most angiosperms have endosperm formation in seed development, but some mature seeds do not have or have very little endosperm, because their endosperm is decomposed and absorbed by the embryo during development. Generally, mature seeds are divided into endosperm seeds and endosperm seeds. The endosperm seed has a large embryo, and all parts of the embryo body, especially in the cotyledons, store a large amount of nutrients.

Main rolesEdit

Most solid substances in plants are obtained from the atmosphere. Through a process known as photosynthesis, plants use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into simple sugars. These sugars are used as building materials and form the main structural components of plants. Plants rely on the soil for support and water, as well as important basic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. For most plants to grow successfully, they also need oxygen from the atmosphere (for respiration) and oxygen around their roots. However, some special vascular plants, such as mangroves, allow their roots to grow in a hypoxic environment. [5]

photosynthesis

Plants have the ability to photosynthesize – that is, they can use light energy and chlorophyll that animals do not have, to photosynthesize with water, inorganic salts and carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and produce glucose – energy-rich substances for plants to use.

photosynthesis

Photosynthesis[6]

The chlorophyll of plants contains magnesium.

Plant cells have distinct cell walls and nuclei, and their cell walls are made up of glucose polymer - cellulose.

The ancestors of all plants were unicellular non-photosynthetic organisms that devoured photosynthetic bacteria, forming a mutually beneficial relationship: photosynthetic bacteria live in plant cells (the so-called endosymbiosis). Eventually, bacteria metamorphose into chloroplasts, which are organelles that are present in all plants but do not survive on their own. Most of the plants belong to the phylum Angiosperms and are flowering plants, which also include a variety of trees. Plant respiration takes place mainly in the mitochondria of the cell, and photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of the cell. [7]

Green plant photosynthesis is the most common and largest reaction process on the earth, which plays a great role in the synthesis of organic matter, the storage of solar energy and the purification of air, the stability of oxygen content and carbon cycle in the atmosphere, etc., and is the basis of agricultural production, which is of great significance in theory and practice. It is calculated that the world's green plants produce about 400 million tons of protein, carbohydrates and fats every day, while at the same time, they can release nearly 500 million tons of oxygen into the air, providing enough food and oxygen for people and animals.

Leaves are the main organs that carry out photosynthesis, and chloroplasts are important organelles for photosynthesis. The chloroplast pigments of higher plants include chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoids (carotene and lutein), which are distributed on the photosynthetic membrane. The absorption spectrum and fluorescence of chlorophyll indicate that it can absorb light energy and be excited by light. The biosynthesis of chlorophyll is formed under light conditions, which is not only hereditarily restricted, but also affected by light, temperature, mineral nutrients, water and oxygen, etc.

This is an adaptation that is formed over a long evolutionary process.