The so-called five-colored, a kind of porcelain glaze color, is a kind of porcelain that is painted on the glaze of fired plain ware, and then baked at a temperature of 600-900 °C in the kiln.

Wucai refers to the color of a variety of colors distributed on the glazed surface of porcelain, and five-color porcelain does not necessarily refer to the glaze of porcelain with only five colors, more or less than five colors of ceramics, which is also called five-color porcelain in the custom.

The Ming and Qing dynasties were invented and developed, and its formula was continuously innovated and many major reforms were carried out before the red, yellow, green, blue, black, purple and other colored porcelain appeared.

There is no blue color in the color material of the Ming Dynasty, and the place where the blue color needs to be used is replaced by blue and white, called blue and white color, which has become a unique feature of the times, represented by Jiajing and Wanli color.

A large number of glaze alum red and underglaze blue and white two colors, underglaze blue and white and glaze a variety of colors combined, mostly with black color or russet line to outline the outline of the pattern, the picture is heavy and gorgeous.

Qing Dynasty Wucai to the Kangxi Dynasty is the most prestigious, in addition to the commonly used red, green, yellow, brown, purple color, but also the new preparation of overglaze blue color instead of underglaze blue and white, gold color and black color are also widely used, so that the color is more magnificent, rich and dazzling.

In addition to painting on the white porcelain ground, Kangxi Wucai also applied color to various colors of glaze and various porcelain floors, making the colorful porcelain unique and unique.

The characteristics of pastel are soft and soft colors, commonly known as soft colors, and the color of the five colors is bright, so Kangxi five colors are also known as hard colors. During the Yongzheng period, pastel prevailed, the five colors tended to decline, and most of the items seen were small pieces, and the painting was more fine, not as rough and bold as the Kangxi Wucai. After Qianlong, there was basically no separate five-color porcelain, but mostly used in combination with pastel and enamel color.

The most well-known colorful work is the Ming Chenghua Doucai Chicken Cup, the imperial wine cup of the Chenghua Emperor. On the outer wall of the skimming bowl with a diameter of about eight centimeters, the outline line of the decoration is first lightly traced with a fine blue and white line, and the glaze is fired into the kiln at a high temperature of about 1300 degrees to form the carcass, and then the red, green, yellow and other colors are filled with the reserved blue and white decoration in the kiln for a second time and roasted at low temperature.

The outer wall is divided into two groups with peony lake stones and bluegrass lake stones, one group of painted roosters holding their heads proud, a hen and a chick pecking a centipede, and two chicks playing with each other. The other group paints a rooster crowing in the neck, a hen and three chicks pecking a centipede, the picture is vivid, full of interest, and there are many imitations in later generations.

The emperors of the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty made the Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln imitate many times, but they were unsuccessful, and they wrote the inscription poem: Zhu Ming went far away here, and he still saw it when he became a Yagu. The cold mangs are always known as treasures, and the chicken tank is the most crowned. The peony is beautiful and the spring breeze is harmonious, and the roosters are gorgeous one by one.

The gold-tailed iron is far away from the head of the hiding, and the anger is like listening to Jia Chang's call. The state of good work is exhaustive, and the atmosphere of tending to China changes at any time, and I am alone in Qi Shi, and I dare not delay Anxing Yiyan.

Emperor Chenghua is keen on calligraphy and painting, once he admired the Song Dynasty painting of the "son and hen", saw the hen with a few chicks foraging for the warm scene, very touched, on this painting inscribed a seven-word poem, expressing the hen's care for the chicks.

Perhaps because of this, Emperor Chenghua germinated his wish to make a Chenghua Doucai Chicken Cup. Another scholar analyzed that there are two purposes for painting chickens: one is that the first year of Chenghua is the year of the rooster, and the other is the homonym of "auspicious" and "auspicious".

The earliest Ming Dynasty Wanli "Shenzong Record" that contains the value of the Ming Dynasty Chenghua Doucai Chicken Bowl Cup wrote: Shenzong is fashionable food, and there is a pair of Chenghua Colorful Chicken Bowl Cups in front of the Emperor, which is worth 100,000 yuan.

In addition, according to the Ming Dynasty Wanli Shen Defu's "Wild Harvest Edition", it is said that the kiln wine glass, each pair is to Bo silver and 100 gold. Among them, the value of 100,000 is similar to that of silver and 100,000 gold, and the value of 100,000 should refer to the value of the chicken bowl cup equal to the 100,000 copper coins used in circulation at that time, which is worth a fortune.

In April 1999, at the art auction held by Sotheby's, a well-preserved Ming Dynasty Chenghua Doucai Chicken Bowl Cup was auctioned at a sky-high price of 29.17 million Hong Kong dollars, which became the highest transaction record of ancient porcelain in the auction market at that time.

On April 8, 2014, the Meiyintang Collection Ming Chenghua Doucai Chicken Bowl Cup was sold for HK$281.24 million at Sotheby's Important Porcelain and Crafts Spring Auction on the 8th, and the buyer was Liu Yiqian.

On July 19, 2014, Liu Yiqian carried a copy box and brought the Ming Chenghua Chicken Bowl Cup, which was sold for more than 280 million Hong Kong dollars, back to Shanghai from Hong Kong Island.

Later, he posted on Moments, drank tea with a chicken bowl cup, and was on the hot search, known as the most awesome tea party in history.

Su Yuan studied the chicken bowl cup in the Forbidden City, which seems to be a small thing, but it can be sought after by several generations of emperors, and it is indeed charming.

First of all, its fetal quality is white and delicate, thin and light body, and the white glaze is soft and luster, and the surface and the inside are the same. The cup wall decoration is matched with the shape, which is sparse and smooth.

The color of the picture includes underglaze blue and white and overglaze bright red, leaf green, water green, goose yellow, turmeric, black and other colors, using techniques such as filling, overprinting, dyeing, and pointillism.

The lake stone is dyed with blue and white hooks, the flowers are covered with bright red, the leaves are covered with water green, the goose yellow and turmeric are filled with chickens, and the cockscomb and wings are dotted with red color, and the slopes are dyed with green color.

Applying color between shades, plain and elegant, fresh and beautiful, and the color of the five generations of painters Huang Quanhua and bird paintings. The whole picture is full of vigor and fun.

This is enough to convey the picture of the son and mother of the family and happiness, or because of the emperor's love and favored by the literati, so until the late Ming Dynasty, all thought that the kiln chicken bowl cup, for the wine vessel of the most.

Chenghua porcelain, thin glaze, delicate and exquisite, blue and white color light and plain, soft with a pen, compared with the early stage, the front is strong, the back is soft, each has its own charm. The outline is depicted in blue and white, and a variety of glaze colors are harmoniously matched, which is the so-called doucai.

Due to the high requirements of the emperor's house during the firing, the yield was not high, and the top products were offered to the court, while the defective products were destroyed, so the number of people who spread to the people was very small. There is already a saying among ancient porcelain collectors: it is better to be a kiln than to be rich.

Imitations are the most common in the past three hundred years, the imitation of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty is slightly higher than the genuine product, the bottom diameter is slightly smaller than the genuine product, and the unglazed place on the side of the foot is wider than the genuine product;

The blue and white mountain stone pattern has heavy blue and white dots, which is not found in the real thing. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there are imitations with high-handled lying feet, with Qianlong imperial inscription poems on the outside, and there are "Qianlong antique in the Qing Dynasty" seal on the bottom foot. During the Republic of China, the imitation glaze was blue, the blue and white color was floating, the color was light, and the decoration was sluggish.

The three dynasties of Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli in the Ming Dynasty and the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty all have imitations of Chenghua paragraphs. Although the color and style of the imitation are similar to the real thing, there are still flaws to be found.

Jia, Long, Wanshi imitation model appears thick strokes, sparse arrangement, the circle bar is too large, and the penmanship of the Chenghua section looks like and the pen power is different, the color is also thick but not bright, only the clouds, bubbles and Chenghua kiln are similar, almost chaotic.

The imitation of the Qing Dynasty is better than the imitation of the Ming Dynasty, especially in the color and style of writing, which is very similar to the real thing. However, the real Chenghua model has a layer of clouds, bubbles like beads, and the blue and white color of the words is obscure.

The imitation of the Qing Dynasty can be seen under the magnifying glass that the clouds are very light, the bubbles are uneven, the cyan of the word is also scattered, the tire color is slightly translucent yellow or white flashing blue, and the bottom foot glaze sand is less yellowish.

All in all, don't look at the number of chicken bowl cups, but they are very famous and sought after by collectors, and any one of them is sold for two or three hundred million, which can be called a big star in porcelain.

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