On the coast of Island 66 in the Chambord Islands, three huge and luxurious ships were docked on one side, and an unknown number of black-clad men stood on the shore and on board, carefully guarding the surroundings.

"Who?"

"People passing by. ”

Xia Qi, who walked along the coast, slowly took a puff of cigarette and said lightly.

"Go away, this is not the place you can come. A man in black on the bow of the ship scolded loudly.

"I know. Xia Qi said with a wave of his right hand, "The sea flows over the shoulder." ”

With Xia Qi's movements, a column of water tens of meters thick rose on the surface of the sea and rushed towards the black-clothed man on the deck, and at the same time, Xia Qi grabbed forward with her left hand, and a ball of water appeared in her hand.

"Gunshots. The water balloon turned into countless droplets and shot like bullets towards the man in black on the shore.

With a terrible scream, the black-clothed man on the shore fell down with a bloody hole.

"It's the enemy. At this time, the black-clothed people on the decks of the other two ships reacted and quickly rushed towards Xia Qi, and the movements of his people could be seen that they were using six-style shaving and moon steps.

"Ten thousand watts are fists. ”

It's a pity that Xia Qi they faced, with one blow, just one blow, and a powerful shockwave, all these black-clothed people were solved.

"You're free now, get out of here. Xia Qi stood on the shore and spoke to the slaves standing on the decks of the three ships.

The reason why Xia Qi came here is to save these slaves, these slaves are different from the slaves auctioned on Island No. 1, these slaves all carry a very special slave mark, the Hoof of the Flying Dragon, these people are the slaves of the Celestial Dragons.

These slaves come from all races, humans, fishmen, giants, long-handed races, basically the races that exist in this world, and there are people here.

cause

Ocean scenery

Ocean scenery (5 photos)

Because the area of the Earth's oceans (about 360 million square kilometers) is much larger than the land area, some people call the Earth a "big water ball". The Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans account for 46 per cent, 24 per cent and 20 per cent of the Earth's total ocean area, respectively. The important marginal seas are mostly found in the northern hemisphere, and they are partly surrounded by continents or islands. The largest are the Arctic Ocean and its coastal waters, the Mediterranean, the Caribbean and Red Seas in Europe and their adjacent waters, the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan. [4]

Sea water temperature is a physical quantity that reflects the hot and cold conditions of sea water. The water temperature of the world's oceans generally varies between -2°C and 30°C, with the area with an average annual water temperature of more than 20°C accounting for more than half of the entire ocean area. There are periodic and irregular changes in sea water temperature such as daily, monthly, annual and multi-year, which mainly depend on the state of the ocean heat budget and its temporal variation. In general, affects the sea

Ocean Scenery (1)

Ocean scenery (1) (10 photos)

The factors of ocean surface water temperature include tides, solar radiation, coastal topography, meteorology, ocean currents, etc. Direct observation shows that the diurnal variation of sea temperature is very small, and the variation of water depth ranges from 0 to 30 meters, while the annual variation can reach about 350 meters. At a depth of about 350 meters, there is a thermostatic layer. However, as the depth increases, the water temperature gradually decreases (about 1°C-2°C for every 1000 meters deep), reaching 2°C-1°C at a depth of 3000-4000 meters. Sea water temperature is one of the most important factors in marine hydrological conditions, and is often used as a basic indicator to study the properties of water masses and describe the movement of water masses. The study of the temporal distribution and variation of sea temperature is not only an important part of oceanography, but also important for meteorology, navigation, fishing industry and hydroacoustics.

The Marine Ecological Survey Report released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on April 26, 2013 local time said that the ocean surface temperature (SST) of the northeastern continental shelf of the United States in 2012 hit a 150-year high. It is higher than the average temperature for spring and summer, with a gradual upward trend, reaching 14 degrees Celsius, surpassing the 1951 figure, while the SST of the past three decades has typically been below 12.4 degrees Celsius. [5]

Salinity

Ocean Scenery (2)

Ocean scenery (2) (17 photos)

The salt content of seawater in the world's oceans varies from place to place, averaging about 3.5%, and the most common of these inorganic salts dissolved in seawater is sodium chloride, which is the daily table salt. Some of the salt comes from volcanoes at the bottom of the sea, but most of it comes from rocks in the earth's crust. The rocks are weathered and disintegrate, releasing salts, which are then carried to the sea by the river. In the cycle of vaporization of seawater and then condensation into water, the salts remain after the seawater evaporates, gradually accumulating to their current concentrations. The oceans contain so much salt that they can spread up to 500 feet thick on the world's land.

Affect the climate

The ocean is one of the main determinants of climate change on Earth. The ocean itself is the largest heat reservoir on the Earth's surface. Ocean currents are the largest conveyor belt of thermal energy on the Earth's surface. The exchange of gases between the ocean and the air (the most important of which are water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane) has a particularly strong impact on climate change and development.

Sea and ocean distinction

The ocean is the central part of the ocean and the main body of the ocean. The total area of the world's oceans accounts for about 89% of the ocean area. big

ocean

Ocean (3 photos)

The water depth of the ocean is generally more than 3,000 meters, and the deepest depth can reach more than 10,000 meters. The ocean is far away from the land and is not affected by the land. Its water temperature and salinity do not change much. Each ocean has its own unique system of currents and tides. The water of the ocean is blue in color, with great transparency, and there are very few impurities in the water. There are 5 in the world, namely the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean.

The Southern Ocean, also known as the "Antarctic Sea" or "Southern Ocean", is the fifth ocean in the world to be identified, and the only ocean in the world that completely surrounds the earth but is not divided by continents. The Southern Ocean is the ocean around Antarctica, which is the sea area of the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the southern Indian Ocean, and it has been thought that the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans extend to Antarctica, and the waters of the Antarctic Ocean are regarded as the Antarctic Sea, but because oceanography has found that the Southern Ocean has important different ocean currents, the International Hydrographic Organization identified it as an independent ocean in 2000, becoming the fourth largest ocean among the five oceans. However, there are still people in academic circles who believe that there should be a corresponding mid-ocean ridge based on the ocean.

The sea, at the edge of the ocean, is an appendage of the ocean. The sea covers about 11% of the ocean, and the depth of the sea is relatively shallow, with an average depth ranging from a few meters to 2-3 kilometers. The sea is close to the continent and is affected by the continent, the river, the climate and the season, the temperature, salinity, color and transparency of the sea

ocean

Ocean (3 photos)

, all affected by the land, there are obvious changes. In summer, the water warms, in the winter the water temperature drops, and in some areas, the sea freezes. In places where large rivers flow into the sea, or during rainy seasons, the sea becomes lighter. Due to the influence of land, rivers carry sediment into the sea, and the coastal sea water is turbid, and the transparency of the sea water is poor. The sea does not have its own independent tides and currents. The sea can be divided into marginal seas, inland seas, and the Mediterranean Sea. Marginal seas are both the edge of the ocean and the frontier of the continental oceans, which are widely connected to the oceans and are generally separated from them by a group of islands. China's East China Sea and South China Sea are the marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean. Inland seas, i.e., seas located within continents, such as the Baltic Sea in Europe, etc. The Mediterranean Sea is a sea between several continents, and the water depth is generally deeper than that of inland seas. There are nearly 50 major seas in the world. The Pacific Ocean has the most, followed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, and the Antarctic Ocean the least.

Reasons for formationEdit

Admire the ocean scenery

Appreciation of the ocean scenery (15 photos)

Studies have proved that about 5 billion years ago, some large and small nebulae were separated from the solar nebula. They rotate while revolving around the sun. In the process of movement, they collide with each other, and some clumps combine with each other, from small to large, and gradually become the primitive earth. During the collision of nebula masses, the sharp contraction under the action of gravity, coupled with the transformation of radioactive elements inside, caused the primitive earth to be constantly heated and warmed, and when the internal temperature reached high enough, the materials in the earth, including iron and nickel, began to melt. Under the action of gravity, the heavy ones sink and tend to concentrate towards the center of the earth, forming the core, and the light ones rise to form the crust and mantle. At high temperatures, the moisture inside vaporizes and rushes out along with the gases and soars into the air. But due to the gravitational pull of the center of the earth, they do not run away, and only surround the earth, becoming a circle of air and water.

In the process of cooling and condensation, the earth's crust is constantly impacted and squeezed by the violent movements of the earth's interior, so that it becomes folded and uneven, and sometimes it is squeezed out, forming earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, spewing out magma and hot gas. At first, this happened frequently, but gradually became less and less common and slowly stabilized. This process of differentiation of light and heavy materials, resulting in great turmoil and major reorganization, was completed about 4.5 billion years ago.

After the earth's crust has been cooled and shaped, the earth is like a long-left and dried apple, with a wrinkled and uneven surface. Mountains, plains, river beds, sea basins, all kinds of terrain are available.

Ocean formation

Ocean formation

For a long time, the sky was full of water vapor and the atmosphere, and the sky was dark and dark. As the earth's crust cools down, the temperature of the atmosphere slowly decreases, and the water vapor condenses into water droplets with dust and ash as condensation nuclei, accumulating more and more. Due to uneven cooling, the air convection is violent, forming thunder and lightning winds, torrential rain and turbidity, and the rain is getting heavier and heavier, and it has been raining for hundreds of years. The surging floods, through thousands of rivers, converge into a huge body of water, which is the primordial ocean.

In the pristine ocean, the sea water is not salty, but acidic and hypoxic. The water evaporates and repeatedly forms clouds and rain, which fall back to the ground, dissolving the salt from the rocks on land and the seabed and collecting them in the seawater. After hundreds of millions of years of accumulation and fusion, it has become a roughly uniform salty water. At the same time, because there was no oxygen in the atmosphere at that time, and there was no ozone layer, ultraviolet rays could reach the ground, and with the protection of seawater, life was born in the ocean. About 3.8 billion years ago, organic matter was produced in the oceans, and there were lower single-celled organisms. In the Paleozoic Era, 600 million years ago, there were seaweeds, which photosynthesized in sunlight and produced oxygen, which slowly accumulated and formed the ozone layer. At this point, creatures began to land on land.

In short, through the gradual increase in water volume and salinity, and the vicissitudes of geological history, the primordial ocean gradually evolved into the ocean it is today.

Seawater Movement Edit

Seawater bodies and various components of the ocean constitute a marine environment that is of great significance to the survival and development of human beings. Seawater movement is the core content of the marine environment, which is mainly composed of four parts: the form of seawater movement, the causes of ocean currents, the distribution of surface ocean currents, and the impact of ocean currents on the geographical environment.

Current distribution

Although the distribution of ocean currents and the direction of their flow are complex, there are rules to follow.

(1) Between the equator and 40° or 60° north and south latitudes, a low-latitude circulation is formed, and its flow direction is clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere. The western part of each circulation is a warm current, and the eastern part is a cold current.

(2) A high-latitude circulation is formed north of 40° or 60° north latitude. The direction of its circulation is counterclockwise, with a cold current in the west and a warm current in the east.

(3) The northern Indian Ocean north of the equator belongs to the monsoon current because it is located south of the Tropic of Capricorn. In winter, the northeast monsoon blows, and the surface water flows westward, and the ocean current flows in an anticlockwise direction, and in summer, the southwest monsoon blows, and the surface water flows eastward, and the ocean current flows in a clockwise direction.

(4) The ocean currents flowing in the east-west direction, except for the westerly drift in the southern hemisphere, are warm currents. [6]

Ocean currents have a great impact on the climate of the continental coast, and the areas through which the cold current passes have a cooling and dehumidifying effect on the climate, while the warm current has a warming and humidifying effect on the climate along the way.

(5) At present, it has been identified that there are three uplift areas on the surface of the world's oceans: the northeastern part of Australia, where the uplift area is 76 meters high, the uplift area of the North Atlantic Ocean that is 68 meters high, and the southeastern part of Africa, where the uplift area is 48 meters high.

(6) There are three large depression areas in the world's oceans: the Indian Ocean (south of the Indian Peninsula) with a depression depth of 112 meters, the Caribbean Sea with a depression depth of 64 meters, and the west of California with a depression depth of 56 meters. In addition, there are several areas of uplift and depression of about 15 meters off the coast of Brazil and in the vicinity of the Cape Verde archipelago.

Causes of formation

The water in the sea always flows in a regular and definite form, in a constant cycle, called ocean currents. One of the more famous is the Gulf Stream, which is as wide as 50 miles at its narrowest point and flows at speeds of up to 4 kilometers per hour, moving north along the coast of North America and across the North Atlantic Ocean to regulate the climate of northern Europe. The North Pacific Current is a similar warm current that flows northward from the tropics and raises temperatures on the west coast of North America.

The prevailing winds are the main force that keeps the currents moving. The different density of sea water is also one of the causes of ocean currents. Cold water is denser than warm water, so cold water sinks and warm water rises. Based on the same principle, the cold water near the poles also sinks and flows below the surface towards the equator. When it reaches the equator, this current rises in place of warm water that flows to the poles with surface currents.

The coasts of the islands and the mainland also have an effect on the currents, either by directing the currents or by dividing them into tributaries. In general, however, the main currents circulate around the various ocean basins. Due to the Earth's rotation, ocean currents flow in a clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in the opposite direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

According to the causes of the formation of ocean currents, they can be divided into three categories:

1. Wind currents - atmospheric movement and near-surface wind belts are the main driving forces for the movement of ocean water bodies. The prevailing wind blows on the sea surface, pushing the ocean water to drift with the wind, and causing the upper sea water to drive the lower sea water, forming a large-scale ocean current, which is called the wind current.

2. Density flow - due to the difference in the temperature and salinity of seawater in each sea area, the difference in seawater density is caused, resulting in the flow of seawater, which is called density flow. For example, the Strait of Gibraltar, which connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild and humid winters, with high evaporation in the Mediterranean Sea and high salinity in the Mediterranean Sea, while the sea water in the Atlantic Ocean is dense and the water level is lower.

ocean

ocean

The salinity is lower than that of the Mediterranean, the density is less, and the water surface is higher than that of the Mediterranean. As a result, the Atlantic Ocean is higher and the Mediterranean Sea is lower, and the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean flow into the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar, and the bottom waters of the Mediterranean Ocean flow into the Atlantic Ocean from the bottom of the Strait. In World War II, German submarines entered and exited the Strait of Gibraltar, turned off their engines, avoided the British army's surveillance, and circled the British army.