"What's going on?" In the hall of the Senate, Gurandoma yelled angrily, and Ogg, Ye Wuyue and the other Senate sat in their seats and were silent, it turned out that this Senate was not much luckier than the previous one, and even more unlucky than the previous one strictly speaking.

The city where the Senate is located is also within the reach of the infinite clock, although it only affects less than a quarter of the place.

"The source of the anomaly should be the mechanical fish in the sky, according to the intelligence, that may be the infinite clock, and now this phenomenon may be caused by the real nightmare of the great magic. Rahal gave a general overview of the previous information.

"Knock it down with the power of the wizards. A councillor said fiercely.

"This offer is okay. Another member nodded in agreement.

"Yes, it's high up there, and the side effects of the magic elf power shouldn't affect Magunoria below. ”

"We can't wait any longer, if we wait any longer, the mutation may expand. ”

The other councillors, with the exception of Ogg and Ye Wuyue, who did not speak, all nodded in agreement to use the magic spirit power.

After balancing for a long time, Gurandom also agreed, and now the number of people affected by the infinite clock has reached nearly four million, and if something happens to these people, all the members of this council will definitely step down.

There were only more than 17 million people in the entire Fiore Kingdom, and 4 million accounted for almost a quarter, and the king of Fiore personally contacted him shortly after the mutation.

"Prepare to unleash the power of the Wizard Elves. With the screeching siren, the entire Senate went into a state of hustle and bustle.

"It can't be activated. Just as the magic elf power was aiming, the current director of the Magic Research Institute of the Senate ran over.

The predecessor of the Magic Research Institute of the Senate was the Magic Development Bureau.,After the Magic Development Bureau broke out Brian's scandal and was sealed.,The personnel of the Magic Development Bureau were transferred to the headquarters of the Senate.,Compared with the Magic Development Bureau,The scope of work of the Institute has not changed.,Only the power has become smaller.。

"Why?" asked Grundom, puzzled.

"The great magic unleashed by the infinite clock is the magic that causes time chaos, and the same is true for the magic elf power, if the two conflict, there will be two consequences, one is that the two will annihilate each other, and the other is that it will cause a larger scale of time chaos, not only the Fiore Kingdom, but even the entire Ishgar continent will be affected, and the latter may be a little greater. ”

"How so?"

Such a serious consequence is not something that anyone can bear, and in the end, the magic spirit power is still canceled.

"So what now?"

"The only way to do this is to send powerful magicians up and arrest all the so-called newborn Six Demon Generals. ”

When he spoke, everyone's eyes were focused on Ye Wuyue's body, and when it came to powerful magicians, the current Council only had Ye Wuyue.

"Wuyue, I'm sorry for you. "The reason why Gurandoma stayed in the new council was precisely because of the strength of the moonless, otherwise he would have kicked the moon out of the council.

"Actually, you don't have to be so anxious, the place where this incident took place, but Magunolia, there is a powerful guild there. Ye Wuyue said with a smile.

"Fairy tail, it does. "Although all the councilors, including Ouge, don't have a good impression of Demon Tail, they all have to admit that Demon Tail's strength, especially Makarov's, is basically the strongest under the Four Heavenly Kings of Ishgar.

"When we were in a meeting here, maybe the people of the demon tail were already desperate, the last time the six demon generals were caught by the demon tail, and this time it may be the same. Ye Wuyue said with a mocking smile.

"Even so, you can't leave all the matter to the demon tails, not to mention whether they can solve it, even if they solve it, where will this put the face of the council. ”

As soon as these words came out, they immediately resonated with all the members present, including Qulan Domah, who cared most about the face of the Senate.

"That's right, Wuyue, go over quickly. Grundoma urged.

"Understood. ”

Ye Wuyue stood up as he spoke, and walked out, he knew very well what Gulan Doma meant, no matter who caught the newborn Six Demon General and solved this mutation at that time, as long as he was present, the final result would be that the Senate would solve this mutation.

"Lahore, hurry up and rescue the citizens and buy more time. ”

"Yes. ”

"Come in, hey, hurry up. "A large number of councillor soldiers appeared around the city, and these people brought a large number of citizens into the pre-arranged enchantment.

At this time, there are a large number of spell enchantments arranged all over the city, this is a technique that can prevent time change researched by the Council, and it was originally to protect the actions of the soldiers of the Council under the side effects of the magic spirit power, but I didn't expect it to come in handy.

It was this spell that Rebi of Maguno's interests had arranged.

While Rahal was arranging the magical barrier around, Doran Bart was constantly teleporting, leading people into the magical barrier.

The real nightmare of the great magic of the infinite clock is not just one change, and now many people have died of old age because of the chaos of time, and among the people who died of old age, there are even some of them are not big children, and there are babies.

"I didn't expect it to be so big and so spectacular. Ye Wuji stood on the bottom of the golden mechanical fish, and said with some emotion, he could only see a huge golden mechanical fish outside, but after entering, he found that this was a luxurious building at all.

"Sure enough, someone came in, but unfortunately it had to stop there. Just when Ye Wuji sighed, a cold voice sounded in the air.

Ancient Greek natural philosophy put forward the famous theory of the four elements. This was not created by Greek philosophers, and the theory of the four elements existed in the traditional folk beliefs of ancient Greece, but was not (relatively speaking) supported by a solid theoretical system. The philosophers of ancient Greece "borrowed" the concepts of these elements as essence.

The Miletus philosopher Thales advocated that the essence of all things is water, and that only water is the essence, earth and harmony

Chemical elements (49 photos)

The two elements of qi are the condensation or thinning of water. Anaximander changed the essence to a primordial substance (called the "infinite" or "indefinite"), and added the fourth element, fire. After the four elements were formed from this primordial substance, they were divided into four layers in the order of earth, water, air, and fire. The fire evaporates the water and creates land, and the water vapor rises and encloses the fire in a round tube of mist. It is the hole of these tubes that we see in the eyes of men what is like a celestial body, and through which we can see the fire within. The earliest prototypes of the four elements were formed.

Another Miletus philosopher, Anaximenes, regarded air or air as primordial matter, and said that other elements were made up of air. When the air becomes thinner, it becomes a fire. His argument is that air is hot when exhaled from the mouth and cold when it is ejected under pressure. Similarly, through the process of condensation, qi first turns into water and then into earth. The difference between these elements is only the result of quantitative changes, and the elements are simply condensed or dilute air to varying degrees.

It was not until Empedocles established the philosophical system of the coexistence of the four elements for the first time, and some people claim that this is the first attempt to explain the traditional four-element theory in a scientific way, but from the fragmented literature left by Empedocles, this statement is not supported by sufficient evidence. Empedocles used the word "root" (Greek: ῥιζὤματα) in his work On Nature around 450 BCE. Empedocles was the first person to systematically propose the doctrine of the four elements. He believed that all things are made up of four material elements, earth, air, water, and fire, which are eternal, and that they are connected or separated by two other abstract elements, love and hate.

Democritus, on the other hand, believed that the origin of all things is atoms and emptiness. An atom is a final indivisible particle of matter. Everything in the universe is made up of atoms moving in the void. The so-called creation of things is the union of atoms. The atom is in eternal motion, i.e. the motion is inherent in the atom itself. The void is absolute nothingness, the place where atoms move.

The well-known theory of the four elements was later proposed by Aristotle, whose theory did not include the two abstract elements of love and hate in Empedocles' theory, but believed that these four elements had the nature of two opposites that could be felt. It is then deduced that the origin of all things in the world is the four primordial properties: cold, heat, dryness, and wetness, and the elements are composed of these primordial properties in different proportions. Aristotle conceived the theory of the five elements in works such as On Heaven, adding ether (essence, eternity) to Plato's four elements. According to Aristotle, "there is no void separate from matter" and "there is no void in matter". Aristotle's formal definition of "element" is found in Metaphysics. [1]

Modern origins

Introduction to Origins

Whether it was the ancient natural philosophers, alchemists, or ancient medical scientists, their understanding of the elements was solved by observation or speculation of objective things. It was only in the middle of the 17th century, due to the rise of scientific experiments, that some experimental data on material changes were accumulated, and the concept of elements was initially solved from the results of chemical analysis.

In 1661, the English scientist Boyle expressed doubts about Aristotle's four elements and the three principles of the alchemists, and published a pamphlet called "The Skeptic Chemist".

Boyle, in affirming and explaining exactly which substances are primitive and simple, emphasized the importance of experimentation. He called those substances that could no longer be broken down as simple matter, that is, elements.

For a long time after that, elements were considered simple substances that could no longer be separated by chemical methods. This confuses or equates the concepts of elements and elementals.

Moreover, in the later period, due to the lack of precise experimental materials, the question of which substances should be classified as chemical elements, or which substances should be simple substances that cannot be redivided, has not been resolved.

Lavoisier's 1789 book Treatise on the Fundamentals of Chemistry listed a list of 33 chemical elements, divided into four categories:

1. Simple substances that belong to the gaseous state and can be considered as elements: light, heat, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen.

2. Simple non-metallic substances that can be oxidized and formed into acids: sulfur, phosphorus, carbon, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, boric acid.

3. Simple metal substances that can be oxidized and formed into salts: antimony, arsenic, silver, cobalt, copper, tin. Iron, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, gold, platinum, lead, tungsten, zinc.

4. Simple soil that can be salted: lime, bitter soil, heavy soil, bauxite, silica.

As can be seen from this table of chemical elements, Lavoisier not only listed some non-elemental substances as elements, but also regarded light and heat as elements.

Lavoisier listed hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and boric acid as elements based on his own theory that all acids contain oxygen. Hydrochloric acid, which he considered to be a compound of hydrochloric acid and oxygen, that is, a compound of a simple substance and oxygen, so the hydrochloric acid group was considered to be a chemical element. The same goes for hydrofluoric acid and boric acid groups. This is why he added "can oxidize and form acids" before "simple non-metallic substances". In his opinion, since it can be oxidized, of course it can become acid.

As for the "earthiness" in Lavoisier's list of elements, before the 19th century, they were considered by the chemical researchers of the time to be elements, simple substances that could not be separated. At that time, "earthy" was used to refer to simple substances with some common properties, such as being alkaline, not easily melting when heated, not chemically changing, almost insoluble in water, and not producing bubbles when meeting with acids. In this way, lime (calcium oxide) is a kind of soil, heavy soil - barium oxide, bitter soil - magnesium oxide, silica - silicon oxide, bauxite - alumina. In the present day they are oxides belonging to the alkaline earth group elements or earth group elements. This is where the word "earth" comes from, the atomic theory.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the brilliant British scientist David entered the Royal Academy of England and gave scientific lectures. In addition to the lectures, he devoted a great deal of time to scientific research, and was the first to invent the method of extracting metal elemental elements by electrolysis, which he called the scientist who discovered the most elements at that time. In order to refine potassium and sodium, David was even blown blind in one eye by chemicals. [2]

At the beginning of the 19th century, Dalton founded the atomic theory in chemistry and began to determine the atomic weight, and the concept of chemical elements began to be associated with the atomic weight of matter, so that each element became a certain (mass) atom of the same kind.

In 1841, based on the fact that some elements have been discovered, such as sulfur and phosphorus, can exist in different forms, sulfur has rhomboid sulfur, monoclinic sulfur, phosphorus has white phosphorus and red phosphorus, and created the concept of isomorphic (elemental) alloforms, that is, the same elements can form different elemental substances. This shows that the concepts of elements and elements are different and not the same.

In the second half of the 19th century, when Mendeleev established the periodic system of chemical elements, it was clearly stated that the basic property of an element is atomic weight. He believed that the differences between the elements were concentrated in the different atomic weights. He proposed that a distinction should be made between the two different concepts of elemental and elemental, pointing out that in red mercury oxide there is no metallic mercury and gaseous oxygen, but only elemental mercury and elemental oxygen, which are manifested as metals and gases when they are elemental.

However, with the development of social productive forces and the progress of science and technology, at the end of the 19th century, electrons, X-rays and radioactivity were discovered one after another, leading scientists to study the structure of atoms. In 1913, the British chemist Soddy proposed the concept of isotopes. Isotopes are allomers of the same element with the same number of nuclear charges but different atomic weights, and they are located in the same square position in the periodic table of chemical elements.

Theoretically, there are many elements to be added to the periodic table of chemical elements, with 32 elements in the seventh cycle and 50 elements in the eighth period, which has not yet been discovered. Therefore, the periodic period of the elements needs to be continuously supplemented and improved. The defensive style of play is very much a toner.