In Napa Valley, the most famous are the three major grape varieties, Chardonnay, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon.

In the entire Napa Valley region, Chardonnay has a total of 2,588.8 hectares of plantation, accounting for 15% of the total vineyard area in Napa Valley, with an average price of about US$2,952 (equivalent to about 19,503 yuan) per ton.

Of the three major grape varieties in Napa Valley, Chardonnay offers winemakers the most flexibility in terms of flavor diversity.

Chardonnay wines can be made in stainless steel tanks, old oak barrels, and American or French oak barrels. In addition, Chardonnay wines can be made using both battonage and malolactic fermentation.

These two methods result in Chardonnay wines with different flavours.

As a result, Chardonnay wines are made in different styles depending on the vinification method, some are fresh and elegant, some are fruity, some are creamy, and some are oaky. Chardonnay prefers a cooler climate, and if the climate is cool, mountain vineyards can produce full-flavoured Chardonnay grapes.

Because of its flexibility, the elder Panis also planted a considerable number of Chardonnay grapes in the winery, just to be able to play a harmonious role, on the one hand, but also to experiment with new winemaking methods, so the Chardonnay vines of Panis Winery are the youngest in the whole winery, and the average age of the trees is generally about 30 years.

The largest proportion of vines is the Cabernet Sauvignon grape, which accounts for about 50% of the vineyards.

Speaking of Cabernet Sauvignon, we have to mention its brilliance in Napa Valley.

Cabernet Sauvignon is the king of Napa Valley grape varieties. Many vineyards in Napa Valley have been uprooted from previously planted vines and replaced with Cabernet Sauvignon.

Today, Cabernet Sauvignon is planted on 8,232 hectares in Napa Valley, accounting for 45% of the total vineyard area in Napa Valley, with an average price of about US$6,289 (equivalent to about 41,536 yuan) per ton, accounting for 64% of the total production value of Napa Valley's grapes.

Some Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon wines sell for a lot of money, such as Eagle Hawk, Harlan and Bryant Family Winery, which also produce sought-after wines.

But there are also cheap Cabernet Sauvignon wines in Napa Valley, and some good Cabernet Sauvignon wines can be purchased locally for about US$20 (about 132 yuan).

However, Panis Winery never tastes cheaper, and the wines here are generally over $1,000.

This is determined by the quality, and almost every vine at Panis Winery, especially the Cabernet Sauvignon variety, is more than 50 years old, and as long as the winemaker is not too skilled, the wines produced are naturally of the highest quality.

In addition, the estate also grows other varieties of vines, such as Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon, among others.

These grape varieties are mainly used for blending, which gives the wines a more unique taste and a fuller palatable.

In terms of the varieties of grapes planted, Panis Winery mainly produces red and sweet white wines.

In fact, the old Panis also tried to make noble rot wine, but for some reason, the taste of the noble rot wine produced by the winery is always unsatisfactory, and after several improvements to no avail, it can only be stopped, but this matter has always made the old Panis regret and has become a piece of his heart, even if it waits for the moment when the winery sells it, it has not been solved.

"What about the winemakers of the winery today? Didn't you try it again? And why do you have to make noble rot?" After listening to Nadowell's detailed introduction, Jin Yang finally had some understanding of the grape varieties of the winery, but he still wondered a little, is there anything different about noble rot wine?

"The winemaker before the winery was Panis Sr. himself, and he has always wanted to try it, but God probably thinks he is too ugly to meet even the most basic conditions, let alone make noble rot. Nadowell spit out, sneering at old Panis in passing.

In the past, the other party was the master, and no matter what the other party said, he could only do it, but now that the old guy is gone, Nadowell feels sorry for himself if he doesn't tease him.

"The most basic conditions? What does this mean? Doesn't the winery grow white grapes such as Chardonnay and Semillon? Could it be that noble rot wine is not a kind of sweet white wine?" Jin Yang was confused, he still didn't know much about noble rot wine, he only knew that it was a kind of sweet white wine.

"How can it be the same? Although noble rot wine is also a kind of sweet white wine, it is the most noble among them, its color, taste, aroma, etc. are incomparable, compared with noble rot wine, other kinds of sweet white wine can only be said to be children who have not grown up......" When it came to noble rot wine, the expression on Nadowell's face suddenly changed, as if talking about the goddess in his heart, and the whole person was immersed in it.

"There are many theories about the origin of noble rot, some say it originated in France, some say it spread from Germany, and there is no unified theory, but the most widely circulated theory is that it first originated in Hungary.

Around l650, the city of Tokaj was at war with the Turkish Empire, which led to a delay in the grape harvest, which led to the invention of noble rot.

And here is a little story.

Legend has it that in 1650 A.D., the Turkish army invaded Hungary in a big way. As the Turkish army approached Tokaj, it was the grape harvest season, and in order to avoid looting, a Christian Reformed pastor in Tokaj called on the vineyard owners to postpone the harvest until the harvest began before the frost in early November.

The grapes had dried up due to moisture contraction, and the skin was not only thin and wrinkled, but there was even an unsightly layer of mold on it. Looking at the dry bunches of grapes like raisins, people have no choice but to use them to make the wine of the year.

However, what we never expected was that the wines produced this year were much more intense than those produced from grapes harvested during the normal season.

The occasional postponement of the harvest unexpectedly brought the splendor of Tokaj to the world.

Tokaj Osu's original raw materials are high-quality white grapes grown in the Tokaj region, with excellent varieties such as Formin, Haslevi Road, Salgaard Mskotay and Musca.

Due to the special soil and water of the Tokaj region, the white grapes here contain a variety of unique nutrients and medicinal ingredients, so the wine is made with natural penicillin.

It is for this reason that the nourishing and health benefits of Tokaj Osú have been included in the Hungarian Pharmacopoeia since ancient times. ”